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Evaluation of Transmission Losses of Various Battery Electric Vehicles

Automotive Innovation 2022年第4期5卷 388-399页

作者： Johannes Hengst matthias werra Ferit KüÇükay Institute of Automotive Engineering TU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany

Transmission losses in battery electric vehicles have compared to internal combustion engine powertrains a larger share in the total energy consumption and play therefore a major ***,the power flows not only during propulsion through the transmissions,but also during recuperation,whereby efficiency improvements have a double *** investigation of transmission losses of electric vehicles thus plays a major *** this paper,three simulation models of the Institute of Automotive Engineering(the lossmap-based simulation model,the modular simulation model,and the 3D simulation model)are *** lossmap-based simulation model calculates transmission losses for electric and hybrid transmissions,where three spur gear transmission concepts for battery electric vehicles are *** transmission concepts include a single-speed transmission as a reference and two two-speed ***,the transmission lossmaps are integrated into the modular simulation model(backward simulation)and in the 3D simulation model(forward simulation),which improves the simulation *** modular simulation model calculates the optimal operation of the transmission concepts and the 3D simulation model represents the more realistic behavior of the transmission *** different transmission concepts are investigated in Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Cycle and evaluated in terms of transmission losses as well as the total energy *** map-based simulation model allows the transmission losses to be broken down into the individual component losses,thus allowing transmission concepts to be examined and evaluated in terms of their efficiency in the early development stage to develop optimum powertrains for electric axle *** considering transmission losses in detail with a high degree of accuracy,less efficient concepts can be eliminated at an early development *** a result,only relevant concepts are built as prototypes,which reduce

关键词： Battery electric vehicle(BEV) Transmission losses Efficiency analysis WLTC Backward simulation Forward simulation Energy consumption

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SSIs in Italy: Prevention and Surveillance during the Last Five Years

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Surgical Science 2015年第8期6卷 383-394页

作者： Carlo de werra Sergio Aloia Rosa di Micco Roberto del Giudice Roberto Tramontano Francesco Mangani Ludovica Maria Esposito Gabriele di Filippo General Surgery Oncological Geriatric Endocrine and Advanced Technology Department University of Naples “Federico II” Naples Italy

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are recognized as a common surgical complication, occurring in about 2% - 5% of all surgical procedures. For this reason, it is the second most common nosocomial infection, representing the 19.6% of all infections observed in hospitalized patients and 38% of those observed among surgical patients. Among SSIs prevention strategies, surveillance has been proved to be very incisive. The most recent surveillance study carried out at a national level in Italy is SNICh protocol (National Surveillance System of Surgical Site Infections), which analyses data received from 127 Italian hospitals, from the 2009 to 2011 and the entire 2013. The only application of a surveillance strategy, observing the recommended prophylaxis protocols, brought to a reduction of SSIs: their incidence has been shown to be comparable to European or American one. Furthermore, recent studies have brought strong evidence that the development of new devices, such as dressings impregnated with silver nanoparticles or triclosan-coated sutures, is strongly connected with the reduction of incidence of SSIs. In conclusion, if common preventive techniques were applied to all surgical procedures performed in the country, about 14,000 SSIs per year could be avoided with a possible savings after three years between 50 million and EUR 175 million euro.

关键词： Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) General Surgery Infections Antibiotic Prophylaxis Prevention Surveillance

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Effectiveness and versatility of biological prosthesis in transplanted patients

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World Journal of Transplantation 2017年第1期7卷 43-48页

作者： Giovanni Vennarecci Gianluca Mascianà Edoardo De werra Giovanni Battista Levi Sandri Daniele Ferraro Mirco Burocchi Giovanni Tortorelli Nicola Guglielmo Giuseppe Maria Ettorre Division of Surgical Oncology and Liver Transplantation San Camillo Hospital POIT San Camillo-INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani

AIM To emphasize the effectiveness and versatility of prosthesis, and good tolerance by patients with incisional hernia(IH). METHODS From December 2001 to February 2016, 270 liver transplantations were performed at San Camillo Hospital. IH occurred in 78 patients(28.8%). IH usually appeared early within the first year post-orthotopic liver transplantation. In the first era, fascial defect was repaired by primary closure for defects smaller than 2.5 cm or with synthetic mesh for greater defects. Recently, we started using biological mesh(Permacol?, Covidien). We present a series of five transplanted patients submitted to surgery for abdominal wall defect correction repaired with biological mesh(Permacol?, Covidien). RESULTS In our cases, the use of biological prosthesis(Permacol?, Covidien) have proven to be effective and versatile in repairing hernia defects of different kinds; patients did not suffer infections of the prosthesis and no recurrence was observed. Furthermore, the prosthesis remains intact even in the years after surgery. CONCLUSION The cases that we presented show that the use of biological mesh(Permacol?, Covidien) in transplanted patients may be safe and effective, being careful in the management of perioperative immunosuppression andrenal and graft function, although the cost of the product itself has been the main limiting factor and there is need for prospective studies for further evaluations.

关键词： Incisional hernia Liver transplantation Heart transplantation Biological mesh Surgery Morbidity Risk factors Immunosuppression Infection Recurrence

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治疗性假妊娠

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中华妇产科杂志 1958年第3期06卷 288-288页

作者： M.G.De werra 沈锡元

1859年 Rakistansky 氏已详细报道各种假性妊娠的征候,后有 Hewitt 氏发现假性妊娠伴有黄体囊肿,但只理解为机械性的并发症,而不了解其内分泌因素。1915年 Halban 氏联系黄体囊肿与闭经之关系,但 Novak,Telinde,Schroeder 等氏认为妊娠...

1859年 Rakistansky 氏已详细报道各种假性妊娠的征候,后有 Hewitt 氏发现假性妊娠伴有黄体囊肿,但只理解为机械性的并发症,而不了解其内分泌因素。1915年 Halban 氏联系黄体囊肿与闭经之关系,但 Novak,Telinde,Schroeder 等氏认为妊娠之外黄体

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