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Spatial assessment of forest cover and land-use changes in the Hindu-Kush mountain ranges of northern Pakistan

Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第7期13卷 1229-1237页

作者： Sami ULLAH Muhammad FAROOQ Muhammad SHAFIQUE Muhammad Afra SIYAB Fazli KAREEM matthias dees Chair of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information System Institute of Forest SciencesFaculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstraβe 479106 FreiburgGermany Pakistan Space and UpperAtmospheric Research Commission(SUPARCO) HayatabadPhase 525124 PeshawarPakistan National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa25120 PeshawarPakistan Office of the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) sector G-5/24400IslamabadPakistan Department of Forestry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalDir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23004Pakistan

Anthropogenic activities and natural processes are continuously altering the mountainous environment through deforestation, forest degradation and other land-use changes. It is highly important to assess, monitor and forecast forest cover and other land-use changes for the protection and conservation of mountainous environment. The present study deals with the assessment of forest cover and other land-use changes in the mountain ranges of Dir Kohistan in northern Pakistan, using high resolution multi-temporal SPOT-5 satellite images. The SPOT-5 satellite images of years 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013 were acquired and classified into land-cover units. In addition, forest cover and land-use change detection map was developed using the classified maps of 2004 and 2013. The classified maps were verified through random field samples and Google Earth imagery(Quick birds and SPOT-5). The results showed that during the period 2004 to 2013 the area of forest land decreased by 6.4%, however, area of range land and agriculture land have increased by 22.1% and 2.9%, respectively. Similarly, barren land increased by 1.1%, whereas, area of snow cover/glacier is significantly decreased by 21.3%. The findings from the study will be useful for forestry and landscape planning and can be utilized by the local, provincial and national forest departments; and REDD+ policy makers in Pakistan.

关键词： Forest cover changes Land use changes Remote sensing Hindu-Kush Mountain regions SPOT satellite images

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Spatial distribution of the potential forest biomass availability in Europe

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 56-66页

作者： Pieter Johannes Verkerk Joanne Brighid Fitzgerald Pawan Datta matthias dees Geerten Martijn Hengeveld Marcus Lindner Sergey Zudin European Forest Institute University of Freiburg-Institute of Forest Sciences-Chair of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems Wageningen University and Research

Background: European forests are considered a crucial resource for supplying biomass to a growing bio-economy in Europe. This study aimed to assess the potential availability of forest biomass from European forests and its spatial distribution. We tried to answer the questions(i) how is the potential forest biomass availability spatially distributed across Europe and(ii) where are hotspots of potential forest biomass availability located?Methods: The spatial distribution of woody biomass potentials was assessed for 2020 for stemwood, residues(branches and harvest losses) and stumps for 39 European countries. Using the European Forest Information SCENario(EFISCEN) model and international forest statistics, we estimated the theoretical amount of biomass that could be available based on the current and future development of the forest age-structure, growing stock and increment and forest management regimes. We combined these estimates with a set of environmental(site productivity, soil and water protection and biodiversity protection) and technical(recovery rate, soil bearing capacity) constraints, which reduced the amount of woody biomass that could potentially be available. We mapped the potential biomass availability at the level of administrative units and at the 10 km × 10 km grid level to gain insight into the spatial distribution of the woody biomass ***: According to our results, the total availability of forest biomass ranges between 357 and 551 Tg dry matter per year. The largest potential supply of woody biomass per unit of land can be found in northern Europe(southern Finland and Sweden, Estonia and Latvia), central Europe(Austria, Czech Republic, and southern Germany),Slovenia, southwest France and Portugal. However, large parts of these potentials are already used to produce materials and energy. The distribution of biomass potentials that are currently unused only partially coincides with regions that currently have high levels of wood pro

关键词： Forest biomass EFISCEN Europe Potential supply Spatial distribution

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Resolution of Suspected Tank Release of Diesel Fuel Using Diagnostic Compounds and Biomarkers

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第3期7卷 473-480页

作者： Jun Lu Deborah dees Kowalewski AECOM Long Beach USA

During a routine inspection in a petroleum product terminal, hydrocarbon staining was found in soil along the perimeter of a diesel fuel tank. As the observation was made a few days after a magnitude 5.1 earthquake in the general area of the terminal, the hydrocarbon staining in the soil was suspected to be a result of a leak from the tank. The observation triggered an immediate tank inspection, which included examination of tank exterior, piping and connections;pressure testing;wall thickness gauging;and an inventory check. Results of the initial inspection suggested that there were no integrity issues with the tank. Before more vigorous and more disruptive inspections were conducted, chemical fingerprinting was conducted to assess the nature of soil staining and potential connection with the “suspected” tank leak. Samples were collected from the site, including a diesel fuel sample from the tank, a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) sample from the monitoring well in the immediate vicinity, and representative soil samples from the perimeter of, and beneath, the tank. A tiered laboratory analytical approach was taken, which included initial gas chromatography-flame ionization detector carbon chain analysis and final gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or detailed fingerprint analyses. Based on the results of initial inspection, knowledge of LNAPL mobility in response to earthquake seismic waves, and chemical fingerprints of representative samples, it was determined that the soil staining was not a result of suspected tank release but remobilization of hydrocarbons from the historically impacted soil beneath the tank to the soil along the perimeter of the tank.

关键词： Tank Leak Seismic Wave LNAPL Mobility Diagnostic Compounds Biomarkers Source Identification and Correlation

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