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Reinforcement learning for optimal tracking of large-scale systems with multitime scales

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 5-29页

作者： Jinna LI Hao NIE Tianyou CHAI frank L.LEWIS School of Information and Control Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University UTA Research Institute University of Texas at Arlington

This paper aims to solve an optimal tracking control(OTC) problem of large-scale systems with multitime scales and coupled subsystems using singular perturbation(SP) theory and reinforcement learning(RL) techniques. A considerable contribution of this paper is the development of a data-driven SP-based RL method for the OTC of unknown large-scale systems with multitime scales. To achieve this, a multitime scale tracking problem was decomposed into a linear quadratic tracker problem for slow subsystems and a dynamical game problem for fast subsystems using the SP theory. Then, the distributed composite feedback controllers were found using a distributed off-policy integral RL algorithm that uses only measured data from the system in real time. Thus, the operational index can follow its prescribed target value via an approximately optimal approach. Theoretical analysis and proof are presented to demonstrate that the sum of the performances of reduced-order subsystems is approximately equal to the performance of the original large-scale system. Finally, numerical and practical examples are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： reinforcement learning singular perturbation multitime scales data-driven control

Evolution and application of in-seam drilling for gas drainage

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2013年第4期23卷 534-544页

作者： frank Hungerford Ting Ren Naj Aziz Drilling Division Valley Longwall International Pty Ltd. School of Civil Mining & Environmental Engineering University of Wollongong

The presence of seam gas in the form of methane or carbon dioxide presents a hazard to underground coal mining ***-seam drilling has been undertaken for the past three decades for gas drainage to reduce the risk of gas outburst and lower the concentrations of seam gas in the underground *** drilling practices have reflected the standards of the times and have evolved with the development of technology and equipment and the needs to provide a safe mining environment *** practice was to adapt equipment from other felds,with rotary drilling being the only form of drilling *** form of drainage allowed various levels of gas drainage coverage but with changing emphasis,research and development within the coal industry has created specifc equipment,technology and practices to accurately place in-seam boreholes to provide effcient and effective gas *** into gas content determination established a standard for the process and safe levels for mining operations to *** technology improved from the wire-line,single-shot Eastman survey instruments which was time-dependent on borehole depth to electronic instruments located in the drill string which transmitted accurate survey data to the drilling crew without time *** allowed improved directional control and increased drilling *** drilling technology has now been established as the industry standard to provide effective gas drainage *** was identifed as an additional beneft with directional drilling as it has the ability to provide exploration data from long *** ability of the technology to provide safe and reliable means to investigate the need for inrush protection and water drainage ahead of mining has been *** drilling technology has now been introduced to the Chinese coal industry for gas drainage through a practice of auditing,design,supply,training and ongoing ***

关键词： Gas outbursts In-seam drilling Gas drainage Directional drilling technology Gas content determination Geological exploration

Ion-pairing HPLC methods to determine EDTA and DTPA in small molecule and biological pharmaceutical formulations

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第3期6卷 150-156页

作者： George Wang frank P. Tomasella Analytical and Bioanalytical Development Pharmaceutical Development Bristol-Myers Squibb Company New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA

Ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet （HPLC-UV） methods were developed to determine two commonly used chelating agents, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA） in Abilify （a small molecule drug with aripiprazole as the active pharmaceutical ingredient） oral solution and die- thylenetriaminepentaacetic acid （DTPA） in Yervoy （a monoclonal antibody drug with ipilimumab as the active pharmaceutical ingredient） intravenous formulation. Since the analytes, EDTA and DTPA, do not contain chromophores, transition metal ions （Cu2＋, Fe3＋） which generate highly stable metallocom- plexes with the chelating agents were added into the sample preparation to enhance UV detection. The use of metallocomplexes with ion-pairing chromatography provides the ability to achieve the desired sensitivity and selectivity in the development of the method. Specifically, the sample preparation in- volving metallocomplex formation allowed sensitive UV detection. Copper was utilized for the de- termination of EDTA and iron was utilized for the determination of DTPA. In the case of EDTA, a gradient mobile phase separated the components of the formulation from the analyte. In the method for DTPA, the active drug substance, ipilimumab, was eluted in the void. In addition, the optimization of the concentration of the ion-pairing reagent was discussed as a means of enhancing the retention of the aminopolycarboxylic acids （APCAs） including EDTA and DTPA and the specificity of the method. The analytical method development was designed based on the chromatographic properties of the analytes, the nature of the sample matrix and the intended purpose of the method. Validation data were presented for the two methods. Finally, both methods were successfully utilized in determining the fate of the chelates.

关键词： EDTA DTPA Ion-pairing HPLC Aripiprazole Ipilimumab

No Home without Hormones: How Plant Hormones Control Legume Nodule Organogenesis

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Plant Communications 2020年第5期1卷 21-40页

作者： Jieshun Lin Manuel frank Dugald Reid Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark

The establishment of symbiotic nitrogen fixation requires the coordination of both nodule development and infection *** the evolution of a variety of anatomical structures,nodule organs serve a common purpose in establishing a localized area that facilitates efficient nitrogen *** in all plant developmental processes,the establishment of a new nodule organ is regulated by plant *** nodule initiation,regulation of plant hormone signaling is one of the major targets of symbiotic *** review the role of major developmental hormones in the initiation of the nodule organ and argue that the manipulation of plant hormones is a key requirement for engineering nitrogen fixation in non-legumes as the basis for improved food security and sustainability.

关键词： nitrogen fixation symbiosis hormones nodule legume

RF/wireless-interconnect: The next wave of connectivity

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2011年第5期54卷 1026-1038页

作者： TAM SaiWang CHANG Mau-Chung frank Electrical Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

In the era of the nanometer CMOS technology, due to stringent system requirements in power, performance and other fundamental physical limitations (such as mechanical reliability, thermal constraints, overall system form factor, etc.), future VLSI systems are relying more on ultra-high data rates (up to 100 Gbps/pin or 20 Tbps aggregate), scalable, re-configurable, highly compact and reliable interconnect fabric. To overcome such challenges, we first explore the use of multiband RF/wireless-interconnects which can communicate simultaneously through multiple frequency bands with low power signal transmission, reconfigurable bandwidth and excellent mechanical flexibility and reliability. We then review recent advances in RF/wireless-interconnect in four different potential application domains, which include network-on-chips (NoCs), 3-dimensional integrated circuit (3DIC), advanced memory interface and ultra-high speed contactless connectors. Based on those developments, we further propose the future research direction on future inter- and intra-VLSI interconnect system through the comparison of performance and the proper communication range for all three types of interconnects, including communication data throughput, range and power consumption (pJ/bit) among the RF/wireless-interconnects, the optical interconnects and traditional parallel repeated bus.

关键词： RF-interconnect wireless RF-interconnect network-on-chips multi-band 3-dimensional integrated circuit advanced memory interface wireless contactless connector

DetEEktor:Mask R-CNN based neural network for energy plant identification on aerial photographs

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Energy and AI 2021年第3期5卷 104-118页

作者： Maximilian Schulz Bilel Boughattas frank Wendel Institute of Energy Economics and Rational Energy Use(IER) University Stuttgart70565 StuttgartGermany

Decentralized renewable energies(RE)represent one of the most important elements for future energy *** an optimal integration,a comprehensive knowledge of the installed RE systems and their characteristics is *** Germany,the’Marktstammdatenregister’(MaStR)gives access to most of this information but has significant deficits in terms of up to date data covering all installed systems,later illustrated using a ground truth data set,and completely neglects some plant types *** thermal *** address this,we developed the novel model’DetEEktor’,with which six different RE plant types can be simultaneously detected and characterized on aerial photographs by means of a Mask R convolutional neural *** first contribution of this paper,we give a detailed overview of the structure,design and data base of the ***,we contribute by demonstrating its capability to attack the lack of knowledge of existing RE systems:Dependent on the plant type,we succeed in detecting 63 to 75%of the existing *** on the ground truth use case,we reduce the number of missing photovoltaic systems in the MaStR by 44%and identify 72%of the existing solarthermal *** to a high RE share use case,we identified an estimated number of about 1,468 photovoltaic(including 18 free-field),1,063 solarthermal,6 biomass and 4 wind power plants missing in the *** conclusion,with our presented’DetEEktor’,we aim to contribute to a more detailed data basis of existing RE systems.

关键词： Instance segmentation Renewable energies Convolutional neuronal networks

Data-Driven Control of Distributed Event-Triggered Network Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第2期10卷 351-364页

作者： Xin Wang Jian Sun Gang Wang frank Allgower Jie Chen the National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems School of AutomationBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081 the Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120China IEEE the Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control University of StuttgartStuttgart 70550Germany the Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804 the National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

The present paper deals with data-driven event-triggered control of a class of unknown discrete-time interconnected systems(*** systems).To this end,we start by putting forth a novel distributed event-triggering transmission strategy based on periodic sampling,under which a model-based stability criterion for the closed-loop network system is derived,by leveraging a discrete-time looped-functional *** the model-based criterion with a data-driven system representation recently developed in the literature,a purely data-driven stability criterion expressed in the form of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs)is ***,the data-driven stability criterion suggests a means for co-designing the event-triggering coefficient matrix and the feedback control gain matrix using only some offline collected state-input ***,numerical results corroborate the efficacy of the proposed distributed data-driven event-triggered network system(ETS)in cutting off data transmissions and the co-design procedure.

关键词： Data-driven control distributed event-triggered network system(ETS) linear matrix inequalitie(LMI) looped-functional stability

Adaptive Governance and Managing Resilience to Natural Hazards

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2011年第4期2卷 1-14页

作者： Riyanti Djalante Cameron Holley frank Thomalla Department of Environment and Geography Macquarie UniversitySydney 2109Australia Faculty of Law University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia

The increasing frequency, intensity, and severity of natural hazards is one of the most pressing global environmental change problems. From the local to the global level, governments and civil society need to increase resilience to these hazards. Despite what is now a very sizeable literature on designing governance systems to produce resilience, a substantial gap in the natural hazards scholarship remains because most studies have lacked grounding in comparable theories on governing for resilience. This article contributes to interdisciplinary research on the conceptual understanding of the interlinkages of adaptive governance(AG), resilience, and disaster risk reduction(DRR). Through better understanding of diversity of terminology, terms, and characteristics, we take a step forward towards mutual learning and intellectual experimentation between the three concepts. Our review shows that there are four characteristics of AG that are important to help increase resilience to natural hazards. These are polycentric and multilayered institutions, participation and collaboration, self-organization and networks, and learning and innovation. The article examines the development, tradeoffs, and benefits that arise from the implementation of the AG characteristics, and reviews their influence on resilience. Hazard and disaster case studies are then examined to see how each AG characteristic is viewed and implemented in disaster contexts. Based on this analysis, the contributions of AG to the DRR literature are identified, before outlining the implications for theory and further research.

关键词： disaster mutual terminology

Spectro-Microscopy of Living Plant Cells

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Molecular Plant 2012年第1期5卷 14-26页

作者： Klaus Hatter Alfred J. Meixner frank Schleifenbaum Center for Plant Molecular Biology （ZMBP） Plant Physiology and Biophysical Chemistry University of Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 1 72076 Tuebingen Germany Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry （IPTC） Nano-Optics University of Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tubingen Germany

Spectro-microscopy, a combination of fluorescence microscopy with spatially resolved spectroscopic techni- ques, provides new and exciting tools for functional cell biology in living organisms. This review focuses on recent devel- opments in spectro-microscopic applications for the investigation of living plant cells in their native tissue context. The application of spectro-microscopic methods led to the recent discovery of a fast signal response pathway for the brassi- nosteroide receptor BRI1 in the plasma membrane of living plant cells. Moreover, the competence of different plant cell types to respond to environmental or endogenous stimuli was determined in vivo by correlation analysis of different optical and spectroscopic readouts such as fluorescence lifetime （FLT）. Furthermore, a new spectro-microscopic technique, fluorescence intensity decay shape analysis microscopy （FIDSAM）, has been developed. FIDSAM is capable of imaging low- expressed fluorophore-tagged proteins at high spatial resolution and precludes the misinterpretation of autofluorescence artifacts. In addition, FIDSAM provides a very effective and sensitive tool on the basis of F6rster resonance energy transfer （FRET） for the qualitative and quantitative determination of protein-protein interaction. Finally, we report on the quan- titative analysis of the photosystem I and II （PSI/PSII） ratio in the chloroplasts of living Arabidopsis plants at room tem- perature, using high-resolution, spatially resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. With this technique, it was not only possible to measure PSI/PSII ratios, but also to demonstrate the differential competence of wild-type and carbohydrate-deficient plants to adapt the PSI/PSII ratio to different light conditions. In summary, the information content of standard microscopic images is extended by several dimensions by the use of spectro-microscopic approaches. Therefore, novel cell physiolog- ical and molecular topics can be addressed and valuable insigh

关键词： Fluorescence microscopy FLIM FRET photosystems protein-protein interaction FIDSAM.