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Frontiers of physics 2020年第1期15卷 25-41页

作者： Hangwen Guo Mohammad Saghayezhian Zhen Wang Yimei Zhu Jiandi Zhang ward Plummer Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Physics&Astronomy Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803 Condensed Matter Physics&Materials Science Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973

Complex oxide interfaces have been one of the central focuses in condensed matter physics and ma-terial *** the past decade,aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy has proven to be invaluable to visualize and understand the emerging quantum phenomena at an *** this paper,we briefly review some recent progress in the utilization of electron microscopy to probe ***,we discuss several important challenges for electron microscopy to advance our understanding on interface phenomena,from the perspective of variable temperature,magnetism,electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis,electronic symmetry,and defects probing.

关键词： complex oxide interfaces scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy

Is iron overload in alcohol-related cirrhosis mediated by hepcidin?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第46期15卷 5864-5866页

作者： Tariq Iqbal Azzam Diab Douglas G ward matthew J Brookes Chris Tselepis Jim Murray Elwyn Elias Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital BirminghamVincent Drive Depart ment of Cancer Studies University of BirminghamVincent Drive Department of Hematology University Hospital BirminghamVincent Drive

In this case report we describe the relationship between ferritin levels and hepcidin in a patient with alcohol-related spur cell anemia who underwent liver *** demonstrate a reciprocal relation-ship between serum or urinary hepcidin and serum ferritin,which indicates that inadequate hepcidin production by the diseased liver is associated with elevated serum *** ferritin level falls with increasing hepcidin production after *** inflammatory indices(IL6)nor erythropoietin appear to be related to hepcidin expression in this *** suggest that inappropriately low hepcidin production by the cirrhotic liver may contribute substantially to elevated tissue iron stores in cirrhosis and speculate that hepcidin replacement in these patients may be of therapeutic benefi t in the future.

关键词： Alcohol Iron Anaemia Hepcidin Cirrhosis

Bayesian modeling of dynamic behavioral change during an epidemic

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第4期8卷 947-963页

作者： Caitlin ward Rob Deardon Alexandra M.Schmidt Division of Biostatistics University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Department of Epidemiology Biostatisticsand Occupational HealthMontrealQCCanada

For many infectious disease outbreaks,the at-risk population changes their behavior in response to the outbreak severity,causing the transmission dynamics to change in *** change is often ignored in epidemic modeling efforts,making these models less useful than they could *** address this by introducing a novel class of datadriven epidemic models which characterize and accurately estimate behavioral *** proposed model allows time-varying transmission to be captured by the level of“alarm”in the population,with alarm specified as a function of the past epidemic *** investigate the estimability of the population alarm across a wide range of scenarios,applying both parametric functions and non-parametric functions using splines and Gaussian *** model is set in the data-augmented Bayesian framework to allow estimation on partially observed epidemic *** benefit and utility of the proposed approach is illustrated through applications to data from real epidemics.

关键词： Bayesian inference Compartmental model SIR SEIR Transmission modeling

Immune cell interplay in colorectal cancer prognosis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal oncology 2015年第10期7卷 221-232页

作者： Samuel E Norton Kirsten A ward-Hartstonge Edward S Taylor Roslyn A Kemp Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago

The immune response to colorectal cancer has proven to be a reliable measure of patient outcome in several studies. However, the complexity of the immune response in this disease is not well understood, par-ticularly the interactions between tumour-associated cells and cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. This review will discuss the relationship betweencancer associated fibroblasts and macrophages, as well as between macrophages and T cells, and demonstrate how each population may support or prevent tumour growth in a different immune environment.

关键词： Colorectal cancer neoplasms Fibroblasts Immune sys

Risk of Tropical Cyclones and Floods to Power Grids in Southeast and East Asia

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第4期15卷 494-507页

作者： Mengqi Ye Philip J.ward Nadia Bloemendaal Sadhana Nirandjan Elco E.Koks Institute for Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam1081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Deltares 2629 HV DelftThe Netherlands Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute(KNMI) 3731 GA De BiltThe Netherlands

Power grids play a critical role in modern society, serving as the lifeline of a well-functioning economy. This article presents a first large-scale study on the risk estimation of tropical cyclone(TC)-induced winds and coastal floods, which can widely impact power grids in Southeast and East Asia. our comprehensive risk model incorporates detailed infrastructure data from openStreetMap(oSM) and government power grid maps, along with global hazard maps and vulnerability curves. The results reveal that the estimated expected annual damages from TCs and coastal floods to oSM-mapped assets account for approximately 0.07%(0.00–0.38%) and 0.02%(0.00–0.02%) of the total GDP of the study area, respectively. We analyzed the main sources of uncertainty in the risk model and emphasized the importance of understanding asset *** results highlight the urgent need to strengthen power infrastructure to withstand the impacts of natural hazards, and the significance of reliable risk information for improving power grid design and planning. Focusing on developing more region-specific infrastructure data and vulnerability curves will improve the accuracy of risk estimation and provide valuable insights not only for the electricity sector but also for customers of other infrastructure systems that heavily rely on a stable supply of electricity.

关键词： Asset level Coastal foods Power grids Risk analysis Tropical cyclones Vulnerability curves

Visualization of atomic scale reaction dynamics of supported nanocatalysts during oxidation and ammonia synthesis using in-situ environmental(scanning) transmission electron microscopy

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第6期30卷 281-290,I0007页

作者： Michael R.ward Robert W.Mitchell Edward D.Boyes Pratibha L.Gai The York Nanocentre University of YorkYork YO105DDUK Department of Physics University of YorkYork YO105DDUK Department of Electronic Engineering University of YorkYork YO105DDUK Department of Chemistry University of YorkYork YO105DDUK

Reaction dynamics in gases at operating temperatures at the atomic level are the basis of heterogeneous gas-solid catalyst reactions and are crucial to the catalyst *** noble metal nanocatalysts such as platinum are of interest in fuel cells and as diesel oxidation catalysts for pollution control,and practical ruthenium nanocatalysts are explored for ammonia *** and graphitic carbons are of interest as supports for the *** considerable literature on the catalytic processes on graphite and graphitic supports,reaction dynamics of the nanocatalysts on the supports in different reactive gas environments and operating temperatures at the single atom level are not well *** we present real time in-situ observations and analyses of reaction dynamics of Pt in oxidation,and practical Ru nanocatalysts in ammonia synthesis,on graphite and related supports under controlled reaction environments using a novel in-situ environmental(scanning) transmission electron microscope with single atom *** recording snapshots of the reaction dynamics,the behaviour of the catalysts is *** images reveal single metal atoms,clusters of a few atoms on the graphitic supports and the support *** all play key roles in the mobility,sintering and growth of the *** experimental findings provide new structural insights into atomic scale reaction dynamics,morphology and stability of the nanocatalysts.

关键词： In-situ visualization Atomic scale reaction dynamics In-situ environmental scanning transmission electron microscopy with single atom resolution Supported nanoparticles Ammonia synthesis oxidation reactions

Stopover behavior of Red-eyed Vireos(Vireo olivaceus) during fall migration on the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 491-502页

作者： Richard Evan Feldman Antonio Celis-Murillo Jill L.Deppe Michael P.ward Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán Unidad de Recursos NaturalesMeridaYucatánMexico Prairie Research Institute Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIllinoisUSA U.S.Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science CenterPatuxent Research RefugeLaurelMDUSA National Audubon Society WashingtonDCUSA Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIllinoisUSA.

Background: For migrating birds, stopover requires spending time and energy that otherwise could be allocated to flying. Thus, birds optimally refuel their subsequent migratory flight by reducing stopover duration or foraging activ-ity in food-rich environments. In coastal habitats, birds may forego refueling and take short stopovers irrespective of local food availability. Given the paucity of studies exploring how migrants adjust stopover behavior in response to temporal variation in food availability, especially in the Neotropics, we fixed radio tags to 51 Red-eyed Vireos(Vireo olivaceous) over two years at two sites on the coast of Mexico's Yucatan ***: We applied VHF radio tags during the fall of 2016 and 2017, and tracked birds using automatic and manual receiving units. We estimated stopover duration and activity levels(one site only) for between six and fifteen birds,depending on site and year. We measured fruit availability weekly along the net lanes where we captured birds. We used a generalized linear model to estimate the relationships between stopover duration/activity level and fruit den-sity, bird body mass and year. We interpreted relationships for the model with the lowest AICc ***: We found that approximately half of the birds departed on the same day they were captured. For the birds that stayed longer, we could not discern whether they did so because they were light, or fruit density was high. on the other hand, lighter birds were more active than heavier birds but only in one of the two ***: Given our results, it is unlikely that Red-eyed Vireos refuel along the Yucatan coast. However, they still likely need to recuperate from crossing the Gulf of Mexico, which may necessitate foraging more often if in poor body condition. If the birds then move inland then stopover should be thought of as a large-scale phenomenon, where habitats with different functions may be spread out over a broad landscape.

关键词： Coastal dune Fruit Geographic barrier Gulf of Mexico Phenology Stopover Time?minimization

A model for the control of DNA integrity by the sperm nuclear matrix

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 610-615页

作者： Joanna E Gawecka Jordi Ribas-Maynou Jordi Benet W Steven ward Clinical and Translational Research Program Universityof Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu HI USA Cell BiologyUnit Cell Biology Phisiology and Immunology DepartmentMedicine Faculty Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona08193 Bellaterra Spain Center of Male Infertility andAnalysis de Barcelona Edifici Eureka PBM5 Parc deRecerca de la UAB Campus de la UAB 08193 BellaterraSpain Institute for Biogenesis Research Departmentof Anatomy Biochemistry and Physiology Honolulu HIUSA Department of obstetrics Gynecology and Women'sHealth John A. Burns School of Medicine University ofHawaii at Manoa. Honolulu. HI 96822. USA.

The highly condensed chromatin of mammalian spermatozoa is usually considered to be biologically inert before fertilization. However, we have demonstrated that even in this compacted state, sperm chromatin is subject to degradation at open configurations associated with the nuclear matrix through a process we have termed sperm chromatin fragmentation （SCF）. ＂[his suggests that a mechanism exists to monitor the health of spermatozoa during transit through the male reproductive tract and to destroy the genome of defective sperm cells. The site of DNA damage in SCF, the matrix attachment sites, are the same that we hypothesize initiate DNA synthesis in the zygote. When sperm that have damaged DNA are injected into the oocyte, the newly created zygote responds by delaying DNA synthesis in the male pronudeus and, if the damage is severe enough, arresting the embryo＇s development. Here we present a model for paternal DNA regulation by the nuclear matrix that begins during sperm maturation and continues through early embryonic development.

关键词： DNA mammalian spermatozoa

Characteristics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastases to the thyroid gland: A systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第21期7卷 3474-3485页

作者： Karam Khaddour Nadiia Marernych Wendy L ward Jerry Liu Theodora Pappa Department of Medicine at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science ChicagoIL 60050United States Northwestern Medicine McHenry ChicagoIL 60050United States Advocate Medical Group oncology Crystal LakeIL 60014United States

BACKGRoUND Thyroid gland is an uncommon site for metastases from clear cell renal cell carcinoma(CCRCC)and literature is *** to the variable and often long lag time before development of metastases in patients with CCRCC,thyroid nodules may be misdiagnosed initially as *** systematic review aims at a better understanding of the nature of these *** A bibliographic search was performed using PubMed(1990-2019),key words being“renal cell carcinoma,thyroid,kidney cancer,clear cell.”147 cases were *** patient’s characteristics assessed were:age,sex,stage,size of metastases,lag time,diagnostic modality,initial symptoms,treatment and outcome in last documented follow *** logistic regression,Spearman’s rho and ANoVA were used to identify differences between the existing *** The mean age(±SD)was 64±(10)years in males and 64(±11)in *** mean lag time to diagnosis of thyroid metastases was 8.7(±6.3)*** distribution of the patients was 46.3%male,52.4%*** was a weak correlation between lag time and size of metastases,not statistically *** of metastases was significantly higher in symptomatic patients(6.06±3.51 cm)compared to those with painless mass(4.6±0.29 cm)and asymptomatic ones(3.93±1.99 cm)(P=0.03).Fine Needle Aspiration was diagnostic in 29.4%of cases,47.1%were non *** patients(80.3%)underwent thyroid *** 1 year follow up,55.6%of patients operated were alive versus 35.3%who did not have surgery,though this was not statistically significant(P=0.1).CoNCLUSIoN A larger size of thyroid metastasis was more likely to present with symptomatology.A high index of suspicion is warranted when evaluating thyroid nodules in CCRCC *** was no significant difference in outcome between patients who underwent surgery and those who did *** the wider use of immune check-point inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in metastatic CCRCC,surgery may eventually be

关键词： Clear cell renal cell carcinoma Thyroid Metastases Thyroidectomy

Australian sugarcane soldier fly’s salivary gland transcriptome in response to starvation and feeding on sugarcane crops

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Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 708-720页

作者： Kayvan Etebari Karel R.Lindsay Andrew L.ward Michael J.Furlong School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Sugar Research Australia Te KowaiQLDAustralia Sugar Research Australia IndooroopillyQLDAustralia

The soldier fly is an endemic pest of sugarcane in *** numbers of larvae can cause significant damage to roots and reduce the crop *** is known about the composition and function of the soldier fly salivary gland,its secretions,and their roles in insect—plant *** this study,we performed transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of starved and sugarcane root-fed soldier fly larvae.A total of 31119 highly expressed assembled contigs were identified in the salivary glands and almost 50%of them showed high levels of similarity to known proteins in Nr *** all the obtained contigs,only 9727 sequences contain an open reading frame of over 100 amino *** 31%of contigs were predicted to encode secretory proteins,including some digestive and detoxifying enzymes and potential *** known salivary secreted peptides such as serine protease,cysteine proteinase inhibitors,antimicrobial peptides and venom proteins were among the top 100 highly expressed *** gene expression analysis revealed significant modulation of 850 transcripts in salivary glands upon exposure to plant roots or starvation ***,we identified some venom proteins which were significantly upregulated in the salivary glands of soldier fly larvae exposed to sugarcane *** other insects and nematodes some of these proteins have been used to manipulate host plant defense systems and facilitate the invasion of the host *** findings provide a further insight into the identification of potential effector proteins involved in soldier fly-sugarcane interactions.

关键词： Inopus salivary gland soldier fly sugarcane pest transcriptome