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Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage

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水稻科学:英文版 2023年第6期30卷 598-612页

作者： JI Dongling XIAO Wenhui SUN Zhiwei LIU Lijun GU Junfei ZHANG Hao matthew Tom harrison LIU Ke WANG Zhiqin WANG Weilu YANG Jianchang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety the Ministry of Education of ChinaInstitutes of Agricultural Science and Technology DevelopmentYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture University of TasmaniaNewnham DriveLauncestonTasmania 7248Australia

Due to climate change, extreme heat stress events have become more frequent, adversely affecting rice yield and grain quality. The accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen substances are essential for rice yield and grain quality. To assess the impact of high temperature stress(HTS) at the early panicle initiation(EPI) stage on the accumulation, transportation, and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen substances in various organs of rice, as well as the resulting effects on rice yield and grain quality, pot experiments were conducted using an indica rice cultivar Yangdao 6(YD6) and a japonica rice cultivar Jinxiangyu 1(JXY1) under both normal temperature(32 ℃/26 ℃) and high temperature(38 ℃/29 ℃) conditions. The results indicated that exposure to HTS at the EPI stage significantly decreased rice yield by reducing spikelet number per panicle, grain-filling rate, and grain weight. However, it improved the nutritional quality of rice grains by increasing protein and amylose contents. The reduction in nitrogen and dry matter accumulation accounted for the changes in spikelet number per panicle, grain-filling rate, and grain size. Under HTS, the decrease in nitrogen accumulation accompanied by the reduction in dry matter may be due to the down-regulation of leaf net photosynthesis and senescence, as evidenced by the decrease in nitrogen content. Furthermore, the decrease in sink size limited the translocation of dry matter and nitrogen substances to grains, which was closely related to the reduction in grain weight and the deterioration of grain quality. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of HTS on grain yield and quality formation from the perspective of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation. Further efforts are needed to improve the adaptability of rice varieties to climate change in the near future.

关键词： rice early panicle initiation stage high temperature stress carbon-nitrogen translocation grain yield grain quality

Use,calibration and verification of agroecologicalmodels for boreal environments:A review

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Grassland Research 2022年第1期1卷 14-30页

作者： Daniel Forster Samuli Helama matthew T.harrison Clarence Alan Rotz Jinfeng Chang Phillippe Ciais Elizabeth Pattey Perttu Virkajärvi Narasinha Shurpali Production Systems/Grasslands and Sustainable Farming Natural Resources Institute Finland(LUKE)MaaninkaFinland Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) RovaniemiFinland Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture University of TasmaniaLauncestonTasmaniaAustralia USDA/Agricultural Research Service University ParkPennsylvaniaUSA College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnment LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversitéParis-SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa Research and Development CentreCentral Experimental FarmOttawaOntarioCanada

Past assessments report negative impacts of the climate crisis in boreal areas;but milder and shorter winters and elevated atmospheric CO_(2) may provide opportunities for agricultural productivity potentially playing a significant role in future food *** cropping systems are expanding in boreal areas,but the regional mainstay will likely continue to be livestock *** models can when appropriately calibrated and evaluated,facilitate improved productivity while minimising environmental impacts by identifying system interactions,and quantifying greenhouse gas emissions,soil carbon stocks and fertiliser *** models designed for temperate and tropical zones abound,few are developed specifically for boreal zones,and there is uncertainty around the performance of existing models in boreal *** reviewed model performance across boreal environments and management *** identified a dearth of modelling studies in boreal regions,with the publication of three or less papers per year since the year 2000,constituting a significant research *** IFSM and BASGRA_N performed best in grassland production,DNDC best in predicting soil N_(2)O and NH_(3) *** model outperformed all others,strengthening the case for ensemble *** agroecological models would be worthy of further evaluation,providing model improvements designed for boreal systems.

关键词： boreal region carbon-nitrogen cycling ecophysiological modelling greenhouse gas emissions soil carbon

Is Deep Time Geology Scientific?

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 700-703页

作者： T.Mark harrison Department of Earth Planetary and Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles90095USA

We all know what car mechanics *** maintain and repair our automobiles according to established engineering *** all know what physicians *** maintain and repair our bodies according to established medical *** what is it that I do as a scientist?Indeed,am I a scientist?The answer to these questions depends on what we meant by“science”.

关键词： maintain Deep repair

Forward robust portfolio selection: The binomial case

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2024年第1期9卷 107-122页

作者： harrison Waldon Oaford-Man Institute of Quantitative Finance University of OafordEagle House Walton Well RoadOrfordOX26EDUK

We introduce a new approach for optimal portfolio choice under model ambiguity by incorporating predictable forward preferences in the framework of Angoshtari et al.[2].The investor reassesses and revises the model ambiguity set incrementally in time while,also,updating his risk preferences forward in *** dynamic alignment of preferences and ambiguity updating results in time-consistent policies and provides a richer,more accurate learning *** each investment period,the investor solves a worst-case portfolio optimization over possible market models,which are represented via a Wasserstein neighborhood centered at a binomial *** methods from Gao and Kleywegt[10];Blanchet and Murthy[8]are used to solve the optimization problem over a suitable set of measures,yielding an explicit optimal portfolio in the linear *** analyze the case of linear and quadratic utilities,and provide numerical results.

关键词： Forward robust portfolio selection Binomial case Optimal portfolio Forward performance processes Linear utilities Quadratic utilities Robust forward performance criteria

Alterations of SARS-CoV-2 Evolutionary Dynamics by Pharmaceutical Factors

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第1期4卷 35-40页

作者： matthew Halma EbMCsquared CIC Bath BA24BLUnited Kingdom

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)has been influenced by the human response to the *** responses have undoubtedly impacted the evolutionary dynamics of the virus in ways distinct from a scenario lacking a widespread *** important pharmaceutical interventions,vaccination and the utilization of medications,particularly molnupiravir,known to have mutagenic properties,were the focus of this *** impact of molnupiravir on human health was evaluated through 3 mechanisms:viral resistance,mutagenesis of SARS-CoV-2,and mutagenesis occurring in patients undergoing ***,as well as the impact of vaccination,have inadvertently given rise to unforeseen challenges in the management of the COVID-19 *** a systems view in future pandemic responses,and taking into account the evolution of the pandemic virus,may be critical to ending the pandemic at an earlier date.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Spike protein Molnupiravir Mutagenesis

Fast internal preheating of 4680 lithium-ion batteries in cold environments

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8794-8802页

作者： Chuyue Guan harrison Szeto Olivia Wander Vijay Kumar Raphaele JClément Yangying Zhu Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Department of Materials University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

Lithium-ion batteries are expected to operate within a narrow temperature window around room temperature for optimal performance and ***,in cold environments,electric vehicle battery packs must be extensively preheated prior to charge or ***,conventional preheating is accomplished externally,which is slow and thus significantly increases charging ***,internal heating has been demonstrated as a potential solution to quickly and uniformly preheat a lithium-ion pouch ***,internal heating has not been evaluated in other battery formats such as cylindrical *** this work,we present a numerical model of a 4680 battery with internal heaters for fast preheating in cold *** effects that the number of heater layers,heating duration,resting duration,environmental temperature,and boundary heat transfer coefficient have on the temperature heterogeneity of the battery were *** results show that internal heating alone reduces the temperature variation within the battery by a factor of 5 compared to external heating,and by a factor of 20 when combining internal and external *** study further proves that internal preheating of lithium-ion batteries is a promising thermal management strategy,and provides guidance on potential design considerations and heating protocols to implement internal heating.

关键词： lithium-ion battery 4680 battery thermal management internal battery preheating COMSOL Multiphysics thermal simulation battery temperature heterogeneity

Evaluation of a software positioning tool to support SMEs in adoption of big data analytics

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2024年第1期22卷 13-24页

作者： matthew Willetts Anthony S.Atkins Faculty of Digital TechnologyInnovationand BusinessStaffordshire UniversityStoke-on-TrentST42DEUnited Kingdom

Big data analytics has been widely adopted by large companies to achieve measurable benefits including increased profitability,customer demand forecasting,cheaper development of products,and improved stock *** and medium sized enterprises(SMEs)are the backbone of the global economy,comprising of 90%of businesses ***,only 10%SMEs have adopted big data analytics despite the competitive advantage they could *** research has analysed the barriers to adoption and a strategic framework has been developed to help SMEs adopt big data *** framework was converted into a scoring tool which has been applied to multiple case studies of SMEs in the *** paper documents the process of evaluating the framework based on the structured feedback from a focus group composed of experienced *** results of the evaluation are presented with a discussion on the results,and the paper concludes with recommendations to improve the scoring tool based on the proposed *** research demonstrates that this positioning tool is beneficial for SMEs to achieve competitive advantages by increasing the application of business intelligence and big data analytics.

关键词： Big data analytics Evaluation Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) Strategic framework

A framework for dynamic modelling of railway track switches considering the switch blades,actuators and control systems

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 162-176页

作者： Saikat Dutta Tim harrison Christopher Ward Roger Dixon Phil Winship Institute of Thermofluids School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsWest YorkshireUK Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Network Rail Milton KeynesBuckinghamshireUK

The main contribution of this paper is the development and demonstration of a novel methodology that can be followed to develop a simulation twin of a railway track switch system to test the functionality in a digital *** is important because,globally,railway track switches are used to allow trains to change routes;they are a key part of all railway ***,because track switches are single points of failure and safety-critical,their inability to operate correctly can cause significant delays and concomitant *** order to better understand the dynamic behaviour of switches during operation,this paper has developed a full simulation twin of a complete track switch *** approach fuses finite element for the rail bending and motion,with physics-based models of the electromechanical actuator system and the control ***,it provides researchers and engineers the opportunity to explore and understand the design space around the dynamic operation of new switches and switch machines before they are *** is useful for looking at the modification or monitoring of existing switches,and it becomes even more important when new switch concepts are being considered and *** simulation is capable of running in real time or faster meaning designs can be iterated and checked *** paper describes the modelling approach,demonstrates the methodology by developing the system model for a novel“REPOINT”switch system,and evaluates the system level performance against the dynamic performance requirements for the *** the context of that case study,it is found that the proposed new actuation system as designed can meet(and exceed)the system performance requirements,and that the fault tolerance built into the actuation ensures continued operation after a single actuator failure.

关键词： Railway track switch Mathematical modelling Redundant actuation Finite element analysis

Refining safety considerations for intradialytic blood flow restriction exercise. Commentary on “Concerns on the application of blood-flow restriction resistance exercise and thrombosis risk in hemodialysis patients”

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 455-456页

作者： matthew J.Clarkson Institute for Health and Sport Victoria UniversityMelbourneVIC 8001Australia

I read with great interest the article“Concerns on the application of blood flow restriction resistance exercise and thrombosis risk in hemodialysis patients”by Correa et al.1 The study presents complementary data from a previous randomized controlled trial,2 exploring the application of intradialytic blood flow restriction exercise for hemodialysis patients.

关键词： patients hemodialysis