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Modeling and optimization of Terminalia catappa *** oil extraction using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： Chinedu matthew Agu matthew chukwudi menkiti Ekwe Bassey Ekwe Albert Chibuzor Agulanna Chemical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Mechanical Engineering Department Gregory UniversityUturuNigeria Materials and Energy Technology Department Projects Development Institute(PRODA)Emene Industrial AreaEnuguNigeria

In this study,response surface methodology(RSM)and artificial neural network(ANN)were used to optimize Terminalia catappa *** oil(TCKO)*** extraction method was used for the oil extraction,with n-hexane as the extracting *** highest oil yield was obtained at 55℃,150 min,and 0.5 *** physicochemical properties of the TCKO were determined using standard *** chromatographic(GC)analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)were respectively,used to determine the fatty acid composition and prevalent functional groups in *** optimum conditions of temperature,particle size and extraction time,the RSM predicted oil yield was 62.92%,which was validated as 60.34%,whereas ANN predicted yield was 60.39%,which was validated as 60.40%.The results of the physicochemical characterization of TCKO showed that the dielectric strength(DS),viscosity,flash and pour points values were 30.61 KV,20.29 mm^2 s^−1,260°C,and 3℃,*** characterization and FTIR results of TCKOindicated its potential industrial application,especially as transformer *** acids compositions result indicated that the oil was highly unsaturated;while XRD results of Terminalia catappa ***(TCK)samples obtained,both before and after extraction,showed difference in their peaks and corresponding intensities,due to the damage effect of ***,the obtained optimization results indicated that ANN was a better and more effective tool than RSM,due to its higher R^2 and lower RMS values.

关键词： Response surface methodology Artificial neural network Optimization Terminalia catappa L.kernel

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Evaluation of the Level and Impact of Selected Physiochemical Parameters of Fertilizer Effluent on Obinna River, Adani, Enugu State, Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第7期6卷 722-730页

作者： Chizoba Chinelo Agu matthew chukwudi menkiti Bernard Ibezim Okolo Patrick chukwudi Nnaji Center for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC) University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

This work quantitatively evaluates the level and impact of selected physiochemical properties of fertilizer effluent on the Obinna River of Adani, Enugu State, Nigeria. The fertilizer effluent originated from surrounding farms and flushed into the Obinna River. Water samples were collected from designated points along the river and analysed for physical, chemical and biological properties using standard methods of APHA. Impact of selected key parameters such as nitrate, phosphate, manganese, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and heavy metals (lead, iron and manganese), was studied. The results of the parameters were compared with the World Health Organisation (WHO) permissible standard for freshwater. Measured concentrations of phosphate (5.00, 7.21, 3.92 mg/L), manganese (1.53, 1.18, 1.47 mg/L) and lead (18.9, 21.7, 39.7 ppm) were found to be above the WHO standard while nitrate (0.04, 0.03, 0.03 mg/L) and iron (0.001, 0.001, 0.1 mg/L) were within the standard. The mean concentrations of heavy metals increased in the following order: Fe (0.034) 1 to downstream S3, with manganese and lead being above WHO standard. The results showed a level of significance for the chi-square distribution and correlation coefficients while the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results was conflicting. It could be inferred that the impact of the selected parameters contributed to the pollution of Obinna River.

关键词： Physiochemical Heavy Metals WHO Pollution Obinna River

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Application of Single Angle Turbidimetry on Coag-Flocculation Effect of Detarium microcarpumSeed in Brewery Effluent

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2014年第6期5卷 416-429页

作者： Bernard Ibezim Okolo Patrick chukwudi Nnaji matthew chukwudi menkiti Victor Ifeanyi Ugonabo Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli Department of Chemical Engineering Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Coagulation-flocculation is a proven technique for the removal of suspended solids in wastewater, through the application of single angle turbidimetric measurement. Through this measurement, the coag-flocculation kinetics and functional parameters behavior of Detarium microcarpumin brewery effluent with respect to pH, dosage and time were followed at room temperature. Process parameters such as order of reaction α, rate constant (K), coagulation period τ1/2 etc were determined. Results indicated that reaction order, rate constant, period, pH and dosage recorded optimum values at 2, 1.8 × 10-2 L/***, 0.152 min, 4 and 100 mg/L, respectively. Maximum efficiency recorded was 96.07% at 30 min. Detarium microcarpum has shown potential as an effective bio-coagulant for the removal of turbidity from brewery effluent.

关键词： Detarium microcarpum Coagulation-Flocculation Brewery Effluent Turbidimetry

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Parametric Response Evaluation for Xanthosoma spp. Induced Coag-Flocculation of Brewery Effluent

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2014年第1期4卷 7-14页

作者： Bernard Ibezimako Okolo Patrick chukwudi Nnaji matthew chukwudi menkiti Victor Ifeanyi Ugonabo Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli Chemical Engineering Department Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Chemical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

This paper presents the kinetic and functional parametric behavior of cocoyam coagulant (CYC) in respect of pH and time variation in brewery effluent at room temperature. The study employed standard nephelometric jar test while CYC production was based on method reported by Ndabigengesere. Coag-flocculation parameter such as order of reaction α, rate constant K, coagulation period, τ1/2 etc. were determined. Maximum parameter values are recorded at K of 6 × 10-1 L/mg·min;dosage of 200 mg/L, pH 8 and τ1/2 of 0.00146 min while the minimum values are recorded at 3 × 10-7 L/mg, dosage of 100 mg/L, pH 10 and τ1/2 of 20.4 min. The maximum coag-flocculation efficiency E (%) obtained was 92.28, thus establishing CYC as a potential effective coag-flocculaant.

关键词： Cocoyam Brewery Effluent Coag-Flocculation Xanthosoma spp. Perikinetic

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Coag-Flocculation Kinetics of Mucuna sloaneiSeed for Phosphorus Removal from Waste Water

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第12期4卷 732-738页

作者： Kamoru Akinpelu Babayemi Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli matthew chukwudi menkiti Akindele Oyetunde Okewale Department of Chemical Engineering Anambra State University Uli Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Landmark University Omuaran Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Mucuna sloanei (MS) an environmentally friendly biomass was used as a coagulant for treatment of phosphorus containing waste water. The study evaluates the coag-flocculation efficiency of MS and its functional kinetic parameter response to varying pH and dosage of the waste water effluent. Coag-flocculation reaction order α, coag-flocculation rate constant K, and coagulation period τ1/2 were determined. The maximum coag-flocculation performance (97.4%) is recorded at rate constant, K of 1.24 × 10-4 l/mg·min, dosage of 400 mg/l, pH of 8 and coagulation period τ1/2 of 0.100 min while the minimum (61%) is recorded at K of 3 × 10-5 l/gm·min, dosage 100 mg/l, pH of 2 and τ1/2 of 8.900 mins. The results confirm that MS coagulant is an effective coagulant obeying the theory of fast coagulation in the conditions of the experiments.

关键词： Coag-Flocculation Mucuna slonaei Phosphorus

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Application of Factorial Design of Experiment for Optimization of Inhibition Effect of Acid Extract of Gnetum africanaon Copper Corrosion

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Natural Resources 2014年第7期5卷 299-307页

作者： Ogbonna Chris Nkuzinna matthew chukwudi menkiti Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli Gordian Onyebuchukwu Mbah Bernard Ibezim Okolo Melford Chuka Egbujor Rabboni Mike Government Department of Chemical Engineering Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Industrial Chemistry Renaissance University Ugbawka Nigeria

The inhibition of copper corrosion by acid extract of Gnetum africana was studied using weight loss method of monitoring corrosion rate. The inhibition of Gnetum africana on copper corrosion was optimized by application of 23 factorial design. While the interactive effects of temperature, inhibition concentration and reaction time were investigated, the input factors and output response were also optimized. Optimum conditions for inhibition of Gnetum africana on copper corrosion were recorded at temperature of 303 K, reaction time of 24 h and inhibition concentration of 0.003 g/L. It could be concluded that factorial design was adequately applicable in the optimization of process variables and that Gnetuma africana sufficiently inhibited the corrosion of copper at the conditions of the experiment.

关键词： Corrosion Inhibition Gnetum africana Copper Optimization

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3D modeling of abnormal pore pressure in shallow offshore Niger delta: An application of seismic inversion

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Petroleum Research 2021年第2期6卷 158-171页

作者： Chukwuemeka Patrick Abbey Osita chukwudi Meludu Adetola Sunday Oniku a a Department of Physics Modibbo Adama University of Technology YolaNigeria Department of Petroleum Chemistry&Physics American University of NigeriaNigeria

Pore pressure is the pressure associated with fluids in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks. Thispressure varies from hydrostatic to severe overpressure. It is classified as abnormal pressure when itdeviates from hydrostatic pressure. Incorrect prediction or the absence of pore pressure evaluation canlead to severe damage of the drilling platform, loss of personnel, waste of resources and environmentalpollution. This study was carried out in an offshore field in Niger Delta with an objective of predicting theabnormal pressure regime from the seismic volume using seismic inversion technique. First, weemployed the Eaton’s and Bower’s model of predicting pore pressure from Well log. The predicted porepressure from the well was used to calibrate the P-impedance that was used in the inversion process. Apressure-based model for the seismic inversion process was developed. This was constrained by therelationship between the P-impedance and pore pressure in the study area. The predicted pore pressurefrom the Well logs aligned with the measured pore pressure in the formation. At about 3600 m to end ofthe Well, depicts a pressure regime that is a deviation from the hydrostatic pressure trend. The abnormalpressure regime is marked by the region where a change is observed in the normal compaction trendline. The cross plot of acoustic impedance against pore pressure reveals a linear relationship;with adirect relationship indicating a normal pressure interval and the indirect relationship at the abnormalpressure regime. The inverted 3D pressure result from the seismic volume validates the normalcompaction trend line and also the pressure values estimated from the Well logs. The abnormal pressureregime in the study area is predicted to be found towards the end of Agbada Formation and through theAkata Formation due to the un-compacted shales.

关键词： Acoustic impedance Pressure Seismic inversion Formation Overpressure

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Revisiting the nexus between fiscal decentralization and CO_(2)emissions in South Africa:fresh policy insights

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1384-1429页

作者： Maxwell chukwudi Udeagha Marthinus Christoffel Breitenbach Department of Economics School of EconomicsUniversity of PretoriaHatfield CampusPrivate Bag X20Hatfield 0028South Africa

The argument over fiscal decentralization and carbon dioxide emission(CO_(2))reduction has received much ***,evidence to back this claim is *** theory predicts that fiscal decentralization affects environmental quality,but the specifics of this relationship are still up for *** scholars noted that fiscal decentralization might lead to a race to the top,whereas others contended that it would result in a race to the *** light of the current debates in environmental and development economics,this study aims to provide insight into how this relationship may function in South Africa from 1960 to *** contrast to the existing research,the present study uses a novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation approach to assess the positive and negative changes in fiscal decentralization,scale effect,technique effect,technological innovation,foreign direct investment,energy consumption,industrial growth,and trade openness on CO_(2)*** following are the main findings:(i)Fiscal decentralization had a CO_(2)emission reduction impact in the short and long run,highlighting the presence of the race to the top approach.(ii)Economic growth(as represented by the scale effect)eroded ecological ***,its square(as expressed by technique effect)aided in strengthening ecological protection,validating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.(iii)CO_(2)emissions were driven by energy utilization,trade openness,industrial value-added,and foreign direct investment,whereas technological innovation boosted ecological *** suggest that further fiscal decentralization should be undertaken through further devolution of power to local entities,particularly regarding environmental policy issues,to maintain South Africa’s ecological *** Africa should also establish policies to improve environmental sustainability by strengthening a lower layer of government and clarifying responsibilities at t

关键词： Fiscal decentralization Trade openness CO_(2)emissions Dynamic ARDL simulations Energy consumption EKC Cointegration Economic growth Industrial value-added South Africa

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Darfur Crisis

Darfur Crisis

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作者： Paul Victor chukwudi 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

本篇论文所涉及的资料来源于学术和公共领域,包括政府报告、新闻报道、书籍和丹佛的一些当地媒体报道。论文旨在通过考查历史来了解丹佛危机的根源,为何应当引起国际社会的注意,以便在这一地区建立永久的和平。本论文研究发现,这场冲突... 详细信息

本篇论文所涉及的资料来源于学术和公共领域,包括政府报告、新闻报道、书籍和丹佛的一些当地媒体报道。论文旨在通过考查历史来了解丹佛危机的根源,为何应当引起国际社会的注意,以便在这一地区建立永久的和平。本论文研究发现,这场冲突是北方精英试图获得对苏丹民族财富和权力的绝对控制所引发的结果。为达到目标,北方精英使用武力来对付苏丹南部人民,这一事实已于2003年2月28号被英国BBC电视台公布。在这一报道中,由苏丹政府领导的金戈威德军队在对苏丹南部地区丹佛发动战争时,打出了这样的标语,“杀尽所有黑人”、“杀尽所有奴隶”,并称他们为非洲黑人。这种称呼的缘由就是,2003年2月,苏丹南部的一名信仰基督教的黑人领导苏丹人民解放运动军队和正义平等运动参加了一场战争,这场战争是为了阻止北方地区试图向南部地区推进它的边境界线,因为南方地区发现了石油。同时,也是针对黑人的种族歧视行动。然而,由于不允许南方人民完全参与政府的运作,以及国家财富的分配不均,北方地区也无力维持权力的平衡。这一反抗运动,很快发展成南方与北方大规模的战争,几乎将近100万人被杀,还有约250万到350万人流离失所,分别逃往苏丹的邻国,像乍得、中非共和国、乌干达。根据联合国高级委员会在2009年5月20日发表的一篇关于难民的报告,在2004年到2009年间,超过4300万人被迫离开他们的家乡和学校,成为难民大本营里面的一员,而在这期间,苏丹政府从未停止过驱逐它的老百姓。这篇论文的主要目的就是理解这些问题,并提供解决这些问题的策略,以保证整个苏丹的和平与发展,特别是苏丹南部地区的和平与发展。

关键词：和平与发展 Sudan 南部地区 political 苏丹政府学位论文丹佛新闻报道 committed conflict

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Validation of short version of evidence-based practice instruments among nurses in clinical practice:Evidence-based practice beliefs,implementation,and organizational culture

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中西医结合护理杂志(英文) 2023年第3期5卷 173-178页

作者： Easter chukwudi OSUCHUKWU Chinwe Florence EZERUIGBO Department of Nursing Science College of Medical SciencesUniversity of CalabarCalabarNigeria Department of Nursing Sciences Faculty of Health ServicesEbonyi State UniversityAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria

Objective:The objective of the study is to validate the short version of evidence-based practice(EBP)instruments among nurses in clinical ***:An institutional-based cross-sectional research design was used and a stratified sampling technique to select 285 nurse *** study utilized a structured questionnaire comprising of demographic data from the participants and three validated scales:the shortened versions of the EBP Beliefs Scale,the EBP Implementation Scale,and the Organizational Culture and Readiness for System-Wide Integration of Evidence-Based Practice(OCRSIEP)*** the use of descriptive statistics,the data were analyzed and presented in frequencies and percentages,while inter-item correlation coefficient(ICC)and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy were used to confirm the validity of using factor ***:Findings revealed the mean scores of the EBP Beliefs Scale ranged from 1.50 to 1.61,EBP Implementation Scale ranged from 1.84 to 1.94,and the OCRSIEP Scale ranged from 1.93 to *** the three shortened scales accordingly had good internal reliability,29.30±9.93 out of 80 for the EBP Beliefs Scale,19.56±7.37 out of 72 for the EBP Implementation Scale,and 66.32±20.35 out of 125 for the OCRSIEP ***:This study has generated a valid Short Version of EBP reliable instrument that is psychometrically robust that can be used by nurses and clinicians to evaluate EBP in clinical settings since the results presented as a whole confirmed the high reliability and factorial validity.

关键词： Evidence-based practice beliefs evidence-based practice instruments implementation organizational culture short version validation

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