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Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： Alison Jane Karley matthew Emslie-smith Alison Elizabeth Bennett Ecological Sciences The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK School of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspecific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid （Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on cultivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile AM fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. Plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofM. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree controls; aphid abundance was scored after 1 week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of AM fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither AM fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin M. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multitrophic interactions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi multitrophic interaction parasitism resistance Solanum spp.

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Convenient synthesis of nucleoside 5'-(α-P-thio)triphosphates and phosphorothioate nucleic acids(DNA and RNA)

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第1期55卷 80-89页

作者： CATON-WILLIAMS Julianne FIAZ Bilal HOXHAJ Rudiona smith matthew Department of Chemistry Georgia State University

Modified deoxy-and ribo-nucleoside triphosphates are chemically synthesized in multiple steps due to the protection and deprotection of the nucleoside *** conveniently synthesize the S-modified triphosphates for enzymatically preparing phosphorothioate DNAs and RNAs(PS-DNA and PS-RNA) as potential therapeutics,herein we report a one-pot strategy to synthesize the deoxy-and ribo-nucleoside 5'-(α-P-thio)triphosphates(dNTPαS and NTPαS) without protecting any nucleoside *** facile synthesis is achieved by treating the nucleosides with a mild phosphitylating reagent,reacting selectively with the 5'-hydroxyl group of each unprotected nucleoside,followed by sulfurization and hydrolysis to afford the crude dNTPαS and NTPαS analogs(mixtures of Sp and Rp diastereomers).We also demonstrated that after just simple precipitation(without HPLC and ion-exchange purification),the quality of the synthesized dNTPαS and NTPαS analogs is excellent for direct DNA polymerization and RNA transcription,*** Klenow DNA polymerase and T7 RNA polymerase accept the Sp diastereomers of dNTPαS and NTPαS analogs,respectively,while the Rp diastereomers are neither substrates nor inhibitors,the diastereomerically-pure PS-DNAs and PS-RNAs can be conveniently synthesized enzymatically.

关键词： sulfur modification S-derivatized nucleic acid nucleoside triphosphates nucleoside phosphorothioates phosphorothioate DNA and RNA diastereomers DNA and RNA polymerases

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Oxidative stress and male reproductive health

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 31-38页

作者： Robert J Aitken Tegan B smith matthew S Jobling Mark A Baker Geoffry N De Iuliis Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and IT University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

One of the major causes of defective sperm function is oxidative stress, which not only disrupts the integrity of sperm DNA but also limits the fertilizing potential of these cells as a result of collateral damage to proteins and lipids in the sperm plasma membrane. The origins of such oxidative stress appear to involve the sperm mitochondria, which have a tendency to generate high leve｜s of superoxide anion as a prelude to entering the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Unfortunately, these cells have very little capacity to respond to such an attack because they only possess the first enzyme in the base excision repair （BER） pathway, 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 （OGG1）. The latter successfully creates an abasic site, but the spermatozoa cannot process the oxidative lesion further because they lack the downstream proteins （APE1, XRCC1） needed to complete the repair process. It is the responsibility of the oocyte to continue the BER pathway prior to initiation of S-phase of the first mitotic division. If a mistake is made by the oocyte at this stage of development, a mutation will be created that will be represented in every cell in the body. Such mechanisms may explain the increase in childhood cancers and other diseases observed in the offspring of males who have suffered oxidative stress in their germ line as a consequence of age, environmental or lifestyle factors. The high prevalence of oxidative DNA damage in the spermatozoa of male infertility patients may have implications for the health of children conceived in vitro and serves as a driver for current research into the origins of free radical generation in the germ line.

关键词： DNA damage oxidative stress oxoguanine glycosylase 1 oocyte spermatozoa

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Convenient synthesis of nucleoside 5'-(α-P-thio)triphosphates and phosphorothioate nucleic acids(DNA and RNA)

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中国科学：化学 2012年第2期42卷 215-218页

作者： CATON-WILLIAMS Julianne FIAZ Bilal HOXHAJ Rudiona smith matthew Department of Chemistry Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30303USA

关键词： DNA聚合酶 RNA聚合酶核糖核苷化学合成三磷酸硫代 dNTP浓度高效液相色谱法

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Treatment and Hardware Removal after Lisfranc Injury: A Narrative Review

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第12期13卷 501-508页

作者： Prasenjit Saha matthew smith Khalid Hasan Department of Medicine SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse NY USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Lisfranc injuries can be difficult injuries to identify and treat, while also being the subject of significant debate on proper surgical management. A narrative literature review was performed using Pubmed and Google Scholar databases to identify recent studies evaluating open reduction internal fixation vs primary arthrodesis for Lisfranc injuries to further elucidate optimal surgical management. Additional focus was placed removal of hardware after ORIF to identify the need for routine hardware removal as an additional surgery may guide surgeon decision-making. This review showed inconclusive data on the superiority of ORIF vs arthrodesis, as multiple conflicting results exist, though established that functional results are similar between these options. Though both are generally accepted treatment options, there are no well-designed randomized controlled trials directly comparing the two. Retention of hardware after ORIF has been shown to be tolerated, though there is a significant risk of the need for unplanned removal due to pain and hardware breakage.

关键词： Lisfranc Fixation Type Hardware Removal Hardware Retention

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Maximizing Function and Quality of Life of Patients with Glioblastoma after Surgical Resection: A Review of Current Literature

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2016年第12期7卷 857-888页

作者： matthew smith-Cohn Zhijian Chen David Peereboom Glen Stevens Department of Neurology Clinical Neurosciences Center University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Massey Cancer Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA

After surgical resection, patients with glioblastoma require many aspects of care to maximize function and quality of life. Patients face a multitude of hurdles that require the expertise of a variety of specialists. ... 详细信息

关键词： Palliative Glioblastoma Steroids Seizure Rehabilitation Myopathy

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Role of illness perception and self-efficacy in lifestyle modification among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第10期23卷 1881-1890页

作者： Shira Zelber-Sagi Shiran Bord Gali Dror-Lavi matthew Lee smith Samuel D Towne Jr Assaf Buch Muriel Webb Hanny Yeshua Assy Nimer Oren Shibolet Department of Gastroenterology TelAviv Medical Center School of Public Health University of Haifa Institute of Gerontology College of Public HealthThe University of Georgia Texas A&M University School of Public HealthCollege Station The Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University Family Medicine Department Tel-Aviv and Dan Petach-TikvaClalit Health ServicesRabin Medical Center Internal medicine A Galler medical Center Bar-Ilan University

To describe the relationships between non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) patient’s disease consequences and treatment perceptions, self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle *** cross-sectional study among 146 ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD patients who visited the fatty liver clinic at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center. Eighty-seven of these individuals, participated in a clinical trial of physical activity and underwent fasting blood tests, analyzed at the same lab. Exclusion criteria included positivity for serum HBsAg or anti-HCV antibodies; fatty liver suspected to be secondary to hepatotoxic drugs; excessive alcohol consumption (≥ 30 g/d in men or ≥ 20 g/d in women) and positive markers of genetic or immune-mediated liver diseases. Patients were asked to complete a self-report structured questionnaire, assembled by the Israeli Center for Disease Control. Nutrition habits were measured using six yes/no questions (0 = no, 1 = yes) adopted from the national survey questionnaire. Participants in the clinical trial completed a detailed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) reporting their habitual nutritional intake during the past year. Self-efficacy was assessed by the Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire, emotional representation, degree of illness understanding, timeline perception, treatment perception and symptoms were measured by the Brief Illness Perception questionnaire. Illness consequences were measured by the Personal Models of Diabetes Interview questionnaire. A path analysis was performed to describe the interrelationships between the patients’ illness perceptions, and assess the extent to which the data fit a prediction of nutritional *** study sample included 54.1% men, with a mean age of 47.76 ± 11.68 years (range: 20-60) and mean body mass index of 31.56 ± 4.6. The average perceived nutrition habits score was 4.73 ± 1.45 on a scale between 0-6, where 6 represents the healthiest eating habits. Most of the study par

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease Physical activity Diet Illness perception Self-efficacy

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Post-Natal Spontaneous Resolution of a Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation in an Infant: Plain Radiographic and CT Manifestations

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2012年第2期2卷 47-49页

作者： John Amodio Agnes Perenyi Jonathan Zember matthew smith Department of Pediatrics SUNY Downstate Medical Center New York USA Department of Radiology SUNY Downstate Medical Center New York USA

We present a case of a near-term infant who developed respiratory distress, shortly after birth. Chest X-ray showed a right sided tension pneumothorax (PTX) with a large air containing structure at the base of the right hemithorax. The pneumothorax was partially evacuated with needle aspiration at which time the patient became asymptomatic, despite a small residual pneumothorax. CT scan of the chest confirmed a multilocular air-filled structure within the right lower lobe, most likely consistent with a congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). Subsequently, there was spontaneous resolution of the PTX and CPAM prior to surgical intervention. This case illustrates post-natal spontaneous resolution of a CPAM, thus obviating the need for surgical removal.

关键词： Congenital Cystic Pulmonary Malformation Spontaneous Resolution Pneumothorax Infant

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Patulous Eustachian tube (PET), a practical overview

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2019年第3期5卷 137-142页

作者： Manohar Bance James R.Tysome matthew E.smith Cambridge Ear Institute Cambridge University Hospitals TrustCambridge UK University of Cambridge CambridgeUK

Symptoms of patulous Eustachian tube(ET),particularly autophony,can overlap with other conditions,and can arise from a variety of *** review the pathophysiology of“speech hyper-resonance syndromes”,and possible mechanisms,including resonances in the tympanic membrane,Eustachian tube and *** can be directed at the eardrum or the ET depending on site of *** review typical presentations,examination findings,and useful clinical tests to distinguish PET from other disorders,and our philosophy of management.

关键词： Patulous Eustachian tube Autophony Cartilage typmpanoplasty Eustachian tube function testing Sonotubometry

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水上水下

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红领巾(萌芽) 2015年第9期 62-63页

作者： matthew smith

澳大利亚摄影师matthew smith把在同一地点分别拍摄的水上和水下的照片结合在了一起,让我们看到了一个更完整,也更完美的世界。

关键词：澳大利亚摄影师

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