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Future wet grasslands:ecological implications of climate change

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第9期2卷 2-16页

作者： Chris B.Joyce matthew simpson Michelle Casanova Aquatic Research Centre School of Environment and TechnologyUniversity of BrightonBrightonBN114NR UK WWT Consulting SlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BT UK School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences Federation UniversityPO Box 663BallaratVictoria 3353 Australia

Wet grasslands are threatened by future climate change,yet these are vital ecosystems for both conservation and agriculture,providing livelihoods for millions of *** biologically diverse,transitional wetlands are defined by an abundance of grasses and periodic flooding,and maintained by regular disturbances such as grazing or *** study summarizes relevant climate change scenarios projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and identifies implications for wet grasslands globally and *** change is predicted to alter wet grassland hydrology,especially through warming,seasonal precipitation variability,and the severity of extreme events such as droughts and *** in the diversity,composition,and productivity of vegetation will affect functional and competitive relations between *** storm or flood events will favor ruderal plant species able to respond rapidly to environmental *** some regions,wet grasslands may dry out during heatwaves and drought.C4 grasses and invasive species could benefit from warming scenarios,the latter facilitated by disturbances such as droughts,floods,and possibly *** will be affected as forage available for livestock will likely become less reliable,necessitating adaptations to cutting and grazing regimes by farmers and conservation managers,and possibly leading to land *** is recommended that agri-environment schemes,and other policies and practices,are adapted to mitigate climate change,with greater emphasis on water maintenance,flexible management,monitoring,and restoration of resilient wet grasslands.

关键词： agricultural production biodiversity climate extremes disturbance drought ecosystem services flooding mitigation Special Feature:Wetlands and Global Climate and Land-use Change wetland

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起底“伊斯兰国”

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商业周刊（中文版） 2015年第23期 8-11页

作者： Cam simpson matthew Philips

就在11月13日巴黎发生恐怖袭击之前几个星期，美军战机恢复了在叙利亚和伊拉克的空袭，重新对油田和一个庞大石油基础设施的其他部分实施打击。这套基础设施供养着全球已知的最富有的恐怖分子军队之一——“伊斯兰国”。

关键词：伊斯兰基础设施恐怖袭击恐怖分子伊拉克叙利亚

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美国人心目中的偶像(上)

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新东方英语（中英文版） 2009年第5期 56-58页

作者： matthew simpson Norman Xin

在美国的历史上，有这样一些人——他们或权倾天下，或才华横溢，或意志坚定，或充满魅力……他们用自己的信仰和行动使美国更加完善，更加充满生命力。了解他们，从某种意义上说，就是了解美国。

关键词：美国偶像人心

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美国人心目中的偶像(下)

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新东方英语（中英文版） 2009年第6期 54-56页

作者： matthew simpson Norman Xin

关键词：美国偶像人心

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美国偶像

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英语学习 2003年第9期 12-15页

作者： matthew simpson 静初

只要一提到他或她的名字,人们就会联想到美国;不管他们愿不愿意,在其他国家人们的眼里,他们就代表着美国。If you dust off your old reference books and look up the word"icon",you'll discover

关键词：美国偶像新边疆 Player

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Low-dimensional quadratic relative character varieties for the projective line minus three points Dedicated to my friend Gang Xiao

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Science China Mathematics 2024年

作者： Carlos simpson CNRS Laboratoire JA Dieudonne Parc Valrose Université C?te d'Azur

We show that relative character varieties having a fixed dimension d > 0, for irreducible orthogonal or symplectic local systems of rank r on P1-{0, 1, ∞}, are isomorphic via Katz's middle convolution to ones with a ...

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A marathon,not a sprint:Increasing population physical activity as a legacy of sports mega-events

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 732-735页

作者： Fiona C.Bull Paul J.simpson Physical Activity Unit Department of Health PromotionWorld Health OrganizationGeneva CH-1211Switzerland The BMJ London WC1H 9JPUK

*** matters The withdrawal of Australia as hosts for the Commonwealth Games in 2026 demonstrates that large international sporting events are more than just sporting mastery,medals,and *** also matters.1 The cost of hosting a major international tournament is eye-wateringly *** governments need to show that the billions of dollars of investment deliver a return beyond sporting glory to justify the resources that are spent.

关键词： return dollar sport

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Distinct vibrational signatures and complex phase behavior in metallic oxygen

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 4-11页

作者： Philip Dalladay-simpson Bartomeu Monserrat Li Zhang Federico Gorelli Center for High Pressure Science Technology Advanced Research 1690 Cailun RoadShanghai 201203China Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridge CB3 OFSUnited Kingdom Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ.J.Thomson AvenueCambridge CB3 OHEUnited Kingdom Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-INO)50125 FlorenceItaly Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences(SHARPS) ShanghaiChina

Evidence for metallization in dense oxygen has been reported for over 30 years[Desgreniers et al.,***.94,1117(1990)]at a now routinely accessible 95 GPa[Shimizu et al.,Nature 393,767(1998)].However,despite the longevity of this result and the technological advances since,the nature of the metallic phase remains poorly constrained[Akahama et al.,***.74,4690(1995);Goncharov et al.,***.B 68,224108(2003);Ma,***.B 76,064101(2007);and Weck et al.,***.102,255503(2009)].In this work,through Raman spectroscopy,we report the distinct vibrational characteristics of metallicζ-O_(2) from 85 to 225 *** comparison with numerical simulations,weﬁnd reasonable agreement with the candidate structure up to about 150 *** higher pressures,the C2/mstructure is found to be unstable and incompatible with experimental *** candidate structures,and Ci,with C2/m C2/conly two molecules in the primitive unit cell,are found to be stable and more compatible with measurements above 175 GPa,indicative of the dissociation of(O_(2))4 ***,we report and discuss a strong hysteresis and metastability with the precursory phaseϵ-O_(2).Theseﬁndings will reinvigorate experimental and theoretical work into the dense oxygen system,which will have importance for oxygen-bearing chemistry,prevalent in the deep Earth,as well as fundamental physics.

关键词： metallic phase vibrational

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Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral microbiota is impaired in periodontitis:potential implications for systemic nitric oxide availability

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 52-61页

作者： Bob T.Rosier William Johnston Miguel Carda-Diéguez Annabel simpson Elena Cabello-Yeves Krystyna Piela Robert Reilly Alejandro Artacho Chris Easton Mia Burleigh Shauna Culshaw Alex Mira Department of Genomics and Health FISABIO FoundationCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthValenciaSpain Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK Oral Sciences University of Glasgow Dental SchoolSchool of MedicineDentistry and NursingCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute University of the West of ScotlandBlantyreScotland Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(IBV-CSIC)ValenciaSpain CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health MadridSpain

The reduction of nitrate to nitrite by the oral microbiota has been proposed to be important for oral health and results in nitric oxide formation that can improve cardiometabolic conditions. Studies of bacterial composition in subgingival plaque suggest that nitrate-reducing bacteria are associated with periodontal health, but the impact of periodontitis on nitrate-reducing capacity(NRC)and, therefore, nitric oxide availability has not been evaluated. The current study aimed to evaluate how periodontitis affects the NRC of the oral microbiota. First, 16S rRNA sequencing data from five different countries were analyzed, revealing that nitratereducing bacteria were significantly lower in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients compared with healthy individuals(P < 0.05 in all five datasets with n = 20–82 samples per dataset). Secondly, subgingival plaque, saliva, and plasma samples were obtained from 42 periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. The oral NRC was determined in vitro by incubating saliva with 8 mmol/L nitrate(a concentration found in saliva after nitrate-rich vegetable intake) and compared with the NRC of 15healthy individuals. Salivary NRC was found to be diminished in periodontal patients before treatment(P < 0.05) but recovered to healthy levels 90 days post-treatment. Additionally, the subgingival levels of nitrate-reducing bacteria increased after treatment and correlated negatively with periodontitis-associated bacteria(P < 0.01). No significant effect of periodontal treatment on the baseline saliva and plasma nitrate and nitrite levels was found, indicating that differences in the NRC may only be revealed after nitrate intake. Our results suggest that an impaired NRC in periodontitis could limit dietary nitrate-derived nitric oxide levels, and the effect on systemic health should be explored in future studies.

关键词： impaired intake nitrate

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COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess Michael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard J.simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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