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Spatiotemporal variation of agricultural patterns in different geomorphologic and climatic environments in the eastern Loess Plateau,north-central China during the late Neolithic and Bronze Ages

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第5期65卷 934-948页

作者： Haiming LI Yifu CUI Nathaniel JAMES Melissa ritchey Fengwen LIU Junna ZHANG Minmin MA Guanghui DONG College of Humanities&Social Development Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Agricultural Archaeology Research Center Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Tourism Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System College of Earth&Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Anthropology University of California San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093USA Department of Anthropology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environment ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650504China Laboratory for Environmental Archaeology Archaeological Research CenterBeijing Union UniversityBeijing 100191China

Human settlement and agricultural development are closely linked to local geomorphological and climatic environments.However,the variation in agricultural systems in different environmental and prehistoric contexts remains unknown.We report new archaeobotanical and radiocarbon dates from 34 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in the Hutuo River Valley(HTRV)in north-central China and compare them with updated archaeobotanical studies in the Sushui River Valley(SSRV)and Henan Province(HNP),to explore the similarities and differences of agricultural patterns under different geomorphologic and climatic environments in north-central China.Our results reveal that humans consistently cultivated foxtail and broomcorn millet in the HTRV from the Miaodigou(6000–5700 cal.a BP)to the Shang-Zhou(3600–2256 cal.a BP)period,despite the introduction of wheat and barley into the area around 4000 a BP.Climate conditions and hilly landforms in the HTRV,SSRV and some parts of the HNP led people to develop foxtail and broomcorn millet dry land farming practices between 7000 and 3000 a BP.Alternatively,in other areas of the HNP,the climate conditions and alluvial plains enabled people to develop a mixed agriculture of millets,soybeans,and rice from 7000 to 4000 a BP,with the addition of wheat between 4000 and 3000 a BP.Farmers’different agricultural technologies and interactions with foreign cultures may have also influenced the formation of different agricultural patterns in the three regions between 7000 and 3000 a BP.Population growth during 7000–3000 a BP can explain the overall propensity of the higher-yield foxtail millet rather than broomcorn millet as the main cultivated crop.In the HTRV,however,higher proportions of broomcorn millet(as compared to the SSRV and HNP),may reflect the greater drought and heat tolerance of broomcorn millet,representing an adaptive agricultural strategy in the river valley.

关键词： Archaeobotanical Agricultural patterns Climate conditions Hilly area Alluvial plains

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Role of the virion host shutoff protein in neurovirulence of monkey B virus(Macacine herpesvirus 1)

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第5期29卷 274-283页

作者： Darla Black Jerry ritchey Mark Payton Richard Eberle Department of Veterinary Pathobiology Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University Department of Statistics Oklahoma State University

Monkey B virus(Macacine herpesvirus 1; BV) is noted for its extreme neurovirulence in humans. Since the vhs protein encoded by the UL41 gene has been shown to be a neurovirulence factor in the related human herpes simplex viruses, the role of the UL41 gene in BV neurovirulence was investigated. BV mutants were constructed that lacked the entire UL41 ORF(Δ41) or had the RNase active site mutated(Δ41A). Neither mutant shut off host protein synthesis, degraded β-actin mRNA, or prevented an IFN-β response, indicating that the vhs protein and its RNase activity are both necessary for these activities. Replication of both mutants in primary mouse cells was impaired and they exhibited a prolonged disease course in mice. Whereas Δ41 infected mice were euthanized for symptoms related to central nervous system(CNS) infection, Δ41A infected mice were euthanized primarily for symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. While neuroinvasiveness was not affected, lesions in the CNS were more limited in size, anatomical distribution, and severity than for wild-type virus. These results indicate that the vhs protein affects the general replicative efficiency of BV in vivo rather than being a specific neurovirulence factor critical for invasion of or preferential replication in the CNS.

关键词： herpesvirus monkey B virus UL41 virion host shutoff neurovirulence

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健康快讯:预测心脏年龄及美国各州成年人在心脏年龄上的种族差异

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上海预防医学 2017年第8期29卷 656-662页

作者： Quanhe Yang Yuna Zhong matthew ritchey Mark Cobain Cathleen Gillespie Robert Merritt Yuling Hong Mary G.George Barbara A Bowman 宋彦(译) 洪玉玲(审校) 杨全和(审校) 蔡颖(审校) 美国疾病预防控制中心心脏病和中风预防处英国伦敦Habit Partners Community Interest公司不详

1前言心血管疾病每年在美国导致近80万人死亡,并造成大约3 200亿美元的花费。研究已经识别出若干可变心血管疾病危险因素,包括高血压、吸烟、高胆固醇、糖尿病以及超重和肥胖。心血管疾病危险因素发生率的不同对美国心血管疾病发病率和... 详细信息

1前言心血管疾病每年在美国导致近80万人死亡,并造成大约3 200亿美元的花费。研究已经识别出若干可变心血管疾病危险因素,包括高血压、吸烟、高胆固醇、糖尿病以及超重和肥胖。心血管疾病危险因素发生率的不同对美国心血管疾病发病率和死亡率在人种、社会经济和地区上出现持续差异起着重要作用。

关键词：种族差异美国成年人心血管疾病年龄心脏疾病危险因素预测

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In vivo percutaneous reflectance spectroscopy of fatty liver development in rats suggests that the elevation of the scattering power is an early indicator of hepatic steatosis

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2018年第4期11卷 53-71页

作者： Daqing Piao Jerry W.ritchey GReed Holyoak Corey R.Wall Nigar Sultana Jill K.Murray Kenneth E.Bartels School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University 202 Engineering South StillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Center for Veterinary Health Sciences 002 VTH Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Veterinary Pathobiology Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University 250 McElroy Hall StillwaterOK 74078USA Graduate Program on Interdisciplinary Sciences Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078USA

This study assessed whether there was a scat tering spectral mar ker quantifiable by reflectance measurements that could indicate early development of hepatic steatosis in rats for potential applications to pre procurement organ evaluation.Sixteen rats were fed a methionine choline-deficient(MCD)diet and eight rats were fed a normal diet.Direct assessment of the liver parenchyma of rats in vivo was performed by percut aneous reflect ance spectroscopy using a single fiber probe at the beginning of diet-intake and arbitrary post-diet-intake times up to 11 weeks to render longitudinal comparison.Histological sampling of the liver over the duration of diet adm inistration was performed on two MCD diet treated rats and one control rat eutha-nized after reflectance spectroscopy measurement.The images of hematoxylin/eosin-stained liver specimens were analyzed morphometrically to evahuate the lipid size changes associated with the level of steatosis.The MCD-diet-treated group(n=16)had mild steatosis in seven rats,moderate in three rats,severe in six rats,and no other significant pathology.No control rats(n=8)developed hepatic steatosis.Among the parameters retrieved from per-SfS,only the scat tering power(can be either positive or negative)appeared to be statist ically diferent between MCD-treated and control livers.The scattering power for the 16 MCD-diet-treated livers at the time of euthanasia and presenting various levels of steatosis was 033±0.21,in comparison to 0.036±0.25 of the eight control livers(p=0.0189).When evaluated at days 12 and 13 combined,the scattering power of the 16 MCD-diet-treated livers was 032±0.17,in comparison to 0.10±0.11 of the eight control livers(p=0.0017).All of four MCD-treated livers harvested at days 12 and 13 presented mild steatosis with sub-micron size lipid droplets,even though none of the MCD-treated livers were sonogr aphically remarkable for fatty changes.The elevation of the scattering power may be a valuable marker indicating early hepatic steatosis before the steatosis is son

关键词： Hepatic steatosis difuse reflect ance spectroscopy liver transplant

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中国中北部地区黄土高原东部新石器晚期-青铜时代不同地貌单元农业发展模式的时空变化

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中国科学：地球科学 2022年第6期52卷 1038-1053页

作者：黎海明崔一付 JAMES Nathaniel ritchey Melissa 刘峰文张俊娜马敏敏董广辉南京农业大学人文与社会发展学院南京210095 南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院南京210095 南京农业大学农业考古研究中心南京210095 华侨大学旅游学院泉州362021 兰州大学资源环境学院兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室兰州730000 Department of Anthropology University of California San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093USA Department of Anthropology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA 云南大学生态与环境学院高原湖泊生态与治理研究院昆明650504 北京联合大学应用文理学院考古学研究中心环境考古实验室北京100191

古人类居住环境和农业发展与当地的地貌环境与气候环境密切相关.然而,不同地貌环境和气候背景下的史前农业发展时空模式依然不清楚.文章通过对山西省滹沱河流域34个新石器晚期-青铜时代的遗址进行植物考古研究和碳十四年代分析,同时对... 详细信息

古人类居住环境和农业发展与当地的地貌环境与气候环境密切相关.然而,不同地貌环境和气候背景下的史前农业发展时空模式依然不清楚.文章通过对山西省滹沱河流域34个新石器晚期-青铜时代的遗址进行植物考古研究和碳十四年代分析,同时对比山西省涑水河流域及河南省地区已发表的植物考古结果,探讨了中国中北部地区不同地貌和气候环境下农业发展模式的异同.结果显示,虽然小麦和大麦在4000a BP前后已传入滹沱河流域,但先民在庙底沟文化(6500~5700cal.a BP)至商周时期(3600~2256cal.a BP)的农业模式一直是以种植粟黍为主的北方旱作农业.滹沱河流域、涑水河流域以及河南省一些地区的气候和浅山丘陵地貌条件仅能支持先民在7000~3000a BP期间发展以种植粟黍为主的北方旱作农业.然而,河南省一些其他地区的气候和冲积平原地貌条件却能够促使先民在7000~4000a BP期间发展以种植粟、黍、水稻和大豆为主的混合农业,在4000~3000a BP期间小麦作物也成为其中之一.三个地区先民不同的农业技术创新和对外来文化的接纳程度可能也是三个地区形成不同农业发展模式的原因.7000~3000a BP期间人口爆炸式增长可能是三个地区先民主要种植高产的粟作物而不是低产的黍作物的原因.然而,滹沱河流域炭化黍出土比例较高(相对涑水河流域和河南省地区)反映了其良好的抗旱性,代表了河谷地貌的一种农业适应模式.

关键词：植物考古农业模式气候条件浅山丘陵冲积平原

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IN VIVO TRANS-RECTAL ULTRASOUND-COUPLED NEAR-INFRARED OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY OF INTACT NORMAL CANINE PROSTATE

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第3期2卷 215-225页

作者： DAQING PIAO ZHEN JIANG KENNETH E.BARTELS G.REED HOLYOAK JERRY W.ritchey GUAN XU CHARLES F.BUNTING GENNADY SLOBODOV School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078 USA Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078 USA Department of Veterinary Pathobiology Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078 USA Department of Urology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOK 73104 USA

This is the first tomography-presentation of the optical properties of a normal canine prostate,in vivo,in its native intact environment in the pelvic canal.The imaging was performed by trans-rectal near-infrared(NIR)optical tomography in steady-state measurement at 840 nm on three sagittal planes across the right lobe,middle-line,and left lobe,respectively,of the prostate gland.The NIR imaging planes were position-correlated with concurrently applied trans-rectal ultrasound,albeit there was no spatial prior employed in the NIR tomography reconstruction.The reconstructed peak absorption coefficients of the prostate on the three planes were 0.014,0.012,and 0.014mm^(−1).The peak reduced scattering coefficients were 5.28,5.56,and 6.53 mm^(−1).The peak effective attenuation coefficients were 0.45,0.43,and 0.50 mm^(−1).The absorption and effective attenuation coefficients were within the ranges predictable at 840 nm by literature values which clustered sparsely from 355 nm to 1064 nm,none of which were performed on a canine prostate with similar conditions.The effective attenuation coefficients of the gland were shown to be generally higher in the internal aspects than in the peripheral aspects,which is consistent with the previous findings that the urethral regions were statistically more attenuating than the capsular regions.

关键词： Prostate canine optical property optical tomography trans-rectal ultrasound

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The statistical imagination : elementary statistics for the social sciences

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1000年

作者： Ferris J. ritchey.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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2007年全球电器产业回顾:转移和震荡

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日用电器 2008年第2期 9-11页

作者： Diane ritchey 方小宽

市场的不确定性,低成本制造中心的不断转移,以及环境因素在电器的设计、生产和营销中重要性的不断增强,成为过去一年的显著特点。

关键词：电器产业低成本制造不确定性环境因素

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美国医师的职责

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医学与哲学 2002年第11期23卷 9-12页

作者： Ferris J.ritchey 张琳美国阿拉巴马大学美国伯明翰al35294 上海中医药大学

在此讨论的主要问题是 :什么样的社会力量能使医师对诊治病人和技术操作的质量担负起责任 ?这种社会力量的来源之一是职业理念 ;另一种约束力来自于正规社会机构的直接管理 ,相关权限的依据是国家和地区规范医院和医师行为的法律 ;第三... 详细信息

在此讨论的主要问题是 :什么样的社会力量能使医师对诊治病人和技术操作的质量担负起责任 ?这种社会力量的来源之一是职业理念 ;另一种约束力来自于正规社会机构的直接管理 ,相关权限的依据是国家和地区规范医院和医师行为的法律 ;第三种规范的形式和政府司法部门紧密相关 ,它在很大程度上是一种间接性的约束力 ,涉及病人因医疗事故对医生及其投保的责任保险公司所进行的索赔和诉讼。强调了第三种力量 ,并突出了在医师和医疗行业圈之外的社会力量对医疗活动的指导作用。

关键词：美国职责医师理念

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大门背后

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作者： (美)威廉·里奇·牛顿(William ritchey Newton)

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