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Development and course of heart failure after a myocardial infarction in younger and older people

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2014年第1期11卷 1-12页

作者： Azam Torabi John GF Cleland Alan S rigby Nasser Sherwi Department of Cardiology Castle Hill Hospital Hull York Medical School University of Hull Kingston upon Hull HU16 5JQ United Kingdom

Background Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is a common cause of heart failure （HF）, which can develop soon after AMI and may persist or resolve or develop late. HF after an MI is a major source of mortality. The cumulative incidence, prevalence and resolution of HF after MI in different age groups are poorly described. This study describes the natural history of HF after AMI according to age. Methods Patients with AMI during 1998 were identified from hospital records. HF was defined as treatment of symptoms and signs of HF with loop diuretics and was considered to have resolved if loop diuretic therapy could be stopped without recurrence of symptoms. Patients were cate- gorised into those aged 〈 65 years, 65-75 years, and 〉 75 years. Results Of 896 patients, 311,297 and 288 were aged 〈 65, 65-75 and 〉75 years and of whom 24%, 57% and 82% had died respectively by December 2005. Of these deaths, 24 （8%）, 68 （23%） and 107 （37%） oc- curred during the index admission, many associated with acute HF. A further 37 （12%）, 63 （21%） and 82 （29%） developed HF that persisted until discharge, of whom 15, 44 and 62 subsequently died. After discharge, 53 （24%）, 55 （40%） and 37 （47%） patients developed I-IF for the first time, of whom 26%, 62% and 76% subsequently died. Death was preceded by the development of HF in 35 （70%）, 93 （91%） and 107 （85%） in aged 〈 65 years, 65-75 years and 〉75 years, respectively. Conclusions The risk of developing HF and of dying after an MI in- creases progressively with age. Regardless of age, most deaths after a MI are preceded by the development of HF.

关键词： Myocardial infarction Heart failure Age

Effect of operating pressure on the performance of THAI-CAPRI in situ combustion and in situ catalytic process for simultaneous thermal and catalytic upgrading of heavy oils and bitumen

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Petroleum Research 2022年第2期7卷 155-164页

作者： Muhammad Rabiu Ado Malcolm Greaves Sean P.rigby Department of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityP.O.Box:380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG72RDUK Department of Chemical Engineering University of BathClaverton DownBathBA27AYUK

According to the analysis of the 2020 estimates of the International Energy Agency(2020),the world will require up to 770 billion barrels of oil from now to ***,based on the British Petroleum(BP)statistical review of world energy 2020,the world-wide total reserve of the conventional light oil is only 520.2 billion barrels as at the end of *** implies that the remaining 249.8 billion barrels of oil urgently needed to ensure a smooth transition to a decarbonised global energy and economic systems is provided must come from unconventional oils(*** oils and bitumen)*** heavy oils and bitumen are very difficult to produce and the current commercial production technologies have poor efficiency and release large quantities of greenhouse ***,these resources should ideally be upgraded and produced using technologies that have greener *** is where the energy-efficient,environmentally friendly,and self-sustaining THAI-CAPRI coupled in situ combustion and in situ catalytic upgrading process comes ***,the novel THAI-CAPRI process is trialled only once at field and it has not gained wide recognition due to poor understanding of the optimal design parameters and ***,this work reports the first ever results of investigations of the effect of operating pressure on the performance of the THAI-CAPRI *** experimental scale numerical models of the process based on Athabasca tar sand properties were run at pressures of 8000 kPa and 500 kPa respectively using CMG *** study has shown that the higher the operating pressure,the larger the API gravity and the higher the cumulative volume of high-quality oil is produced(i.e.a 2300 cm3 of z24 oAPI oil produced at 8000 kPa versus the 2050 cm3 of z17.5 oAPI oil produced at 500 kPa).The study has further shown that despite presence of annular catalyst layer,the THAI-CAPRI process operates ***,it is found that a more stable and safer operation of th

关键词： Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI) Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) Reservoir simulation In situ combustion(ISC) Heavy oil/Bitumen/Tar sand In situ catalytic upgrading

Numerical simulation investigations of the applicability of THAI in situ combustion process in heavy oil reservoirs underlain by bottom water

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Petroleum Research 2023年第1期8卷 36-43页

The presence of a bottom water(BW)layer in heavy oil reservoirs can present substantial problems for efficient oil recovery for all recovery ***,it is necessary to know how particular production processes are affected by different BW layer thicknesses,and how standard production procedures can be adapted to handle such ***-to-heel air injection(THAI)is a thermally efficient process,generating in situ energy in the reservoir by burning a fraction of the oil-in-place as coke and has the potential to economically and environmentally friendly work in reservoirs with BW ***,to ascertain that,studies are needed *** are conducted via numerical simulations using commercial reservoir thermal simulator,CMG *** work has shown that the shape of the combustion zone in THAI remains forward-leaning even in the presence of a BW layer,indicating that the process is stable,and that there is no oxygen bypassing of the combustion ***,the oil recovery rate is highly negatively affected by how large the thickness of the BWzone is,and the severity of such effect is determined to be proportional to the thickness of the BW *** study also shows that there is a period of low oil production rate which corresponds to mobilised oil displacement into the BW zone which in turn causes a surge in water production *** practical implication of this is that prolonged period of low oil production rates will expose companies and/or investors to higher risk due to the oil market *** this study,it is also revealed that the height of the mobilised oil that is displaced into the BW zone equates to that of the displaced and replaced water thereby implying that when the BW layer thickness is 50%that of the oil layer(OL),less than 50%of the mobilised oil will be recovered when the entire reservoir is swept by the combustion ***,conclusively,applying the THAI process in its conventional form in reservoirs containing bott

关键词： In situ combustion(ISC) Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) Tar sand/heavy oil/bitumen Reservoir simulation Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI)

The relationship between intimate partner violence and HIV:A model-based evaluation

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第1期2卷 71-89页

作者： Simon W.rigby Leigh F.Johnson Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

Background:Many studies have shown that women who have experienced intimate partner violence(IPV)are at a greater risk of HIV,but the factors accounting for this association are unclear,and trials of interventions to reduce IPV have not consistently reduced HIV ***:This study uses an agent-based model,calibrated to South African data sources,to evaluate hypotheses about likely causal pathways linking IPV,HIV,and other confounding *** about associations between IPV and HIV risk behaviours were based on reviews of international ***:There is an association between past IPV experience and HIV incidence even when no causal effects are assumed(IRR 1.28,95%CI 1.23e1.34),because women with a propensity for multiple partners are more likely to have ever been in a relationship with a violent ***,in addition,men with a propensity for concurrent relationships are more likely to perpetrate IPV,the IRR increases to 1.42(95%CI 1.36e1.48),consistent with empirical IRR *** scenarios in which experience of IPV is assumed to cause changes in women's sexual behaviour have little effect on the *** intervention that reduces IPV by 50%could be expected to reduce HIV incidence by at most 1.3%.Interpretation:Much of the observed association between IPV and HIV is likely to be due to confounding behavioural *** interventions to reduce IPV are important,these interventions alone are unlikely to have a substantial impact on HIV incidence.

关键词： Epidemiology Gender HIV Modelling Violence

Archaeolithoporella and Tubiphytes : Affinties and Paleoecology in Permian Reefs of South China

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Science China Chemistry 1994年第6期37卷 723-743页

作者：王生海范嘉松 J.Keith rigby Institute of Geology Academia Sinica Beijing 100029 PRO Department of Geology Brigham Young University Provo 84602 Utah USA

Archaeolithoporella is one of the most important Permian reef-building organisms, but itsaffinity has long been controversial. It was first reported in Japan and was considered as a coralline red alga. Since then it has been recognized in Permian reefs in other parts of the world. Many researchers have studied the materials they had found and the Japanese holotype specimen. Most have concluded that it is a problematic alga. or just a problematica because of weak criteria for definition. Some have even considered it inorganic. However, relict cellular structures and microtubular laminae found in well-preserved specimens from Permian reefs in South China strongly support a coralline red algal affinity for the *** situ preserved Archaeolithoporella is restricted within the typical framework facies and it occurs most abundantly in syndepositionally cemented framestones. This suggests that Archaeolithoporella required a firm substrate and clear but agitated sea water. Archaeolithoporella is often found in cavities , implying that it was accustomed to cryptic biotopes. Archaeolithoporella is a most important encrusting organism helping other frame-building organisms to form rigid wave-resistant *** is another component of Permian reefs of South China and its affinity has also been enigmatic. This genus was established in 1956, based on material from Russia, and was originally placed in the blue-green algae. Several affinities have been subsequently proposed for it, but most researchers consider it as a problematic alga or a problematica. However, the structure of this organism, especially the various types of central tubes and well-organized bodies, opposes the algal affinity.A comparison of Tubiphytes with some modern sponges suggests that Tubiphytes belongs to the class Demospongiae in the phylum of Porifera. It is an animal rather than a plant. It is obvious that more than one genus is described under the term 'Tubiphytes. 'Tubiphytes is quite ab

关键词： Archaeolithoporella and Tubiphytes South China.

Impact of biliary stent-related events in patients diagnosed with advanced pancreatobiliary tumours receiving palliative chemotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第26期22卷 6065-6075页

作者： Angela Lamarca Christina rigby Mairéad G Mc Namara Richard A Hubner Juan W Valle Department of Medical Oncology The Christie NHS Foundation Trust Institute of Cancer Sciences University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre

AIM: To determine the impact (morbidity/mortality) of biliary stent-related events (SRE) (cholangitis or stent obstruction) in chemotherapy-treated pancreatico-biliary ***: All consecutive patients with advanced pancreatobiliary cancer and a biliary stent in-situ prior to starting palliative chemotherapy were identified retrospectively from local electronic case-note records (Jan 13 to Jan 15). The primary end-point was SRE rate and the time-to-SRE (defined as time from first stenting before chemotherapy to date of SRE). Progression-free survival and overall survival were measured from the time of starting chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier, Cox and Fine-Gray regression (univariate and multivariable) analyses were employed, as appropriate. For the analysis of time-to-SRE, death was considered as a competing ***: Ninety-six out of 693 screened patients were eligible; 89% had a metal stent (the remainder were plastic). The median time of follow-up was 9.6 mo (range 2.2 to 26.4). Forty-one patients (43%) developed a SRE during follow-up [cholangitis (39%), stent obstruction (29%), both (32%)]. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the SRE group and no-SRE groups. Recorded SRE-consequences were: none (37%), chemotherapy delay (24%), discontinuation (17%) and death (22%). The median time-to-SRE was 4.4 mo (95%CI: 3.6-5.5). Patients with severe comorbidities (P < 0.001) and patients with ≥ 2 baseline stents/biliary procedures [HR = 2.3 (95%CI: 1.2-4.44), P = 0.010] had a shorter time-to-SRE on multivariable analysis. Stage was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.029) in the multivariable analysis adjusted for primary tumour site, performance status and development of SRE (SRE group vs no-SRE group).CONCLUSION: SREs are common and impact on patient’s morbidity. Our results highlight the need for prospective studies exploring the role of prophylactic strategies to prevent/del

关键词： Advanced biliary tract cancer Pancreatic cancer Biliary obstruction Biliary stent Stent-related event

Doped graphene/carbon black hybrid catalyst giving enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity with high resistance to corrosion in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 143-153页

作者： Zhaoqi Ji Jianuo Chen María Pérez-Page Zunmin Guo Ziyu Zhao Rongsheng Cai Maxwell T.P.rigby Sarah J.Haigh Stuart M.Holmes School of Automotive Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai264209ShandongChina Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Department of Materials The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

Nitrogen doping of the carbon is an important method to improve the performance and durability of catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells by platinum–nitrogen and carbon–nitrogen bonds. This study shows that p-phenyl groups and graphitic N acting bridges linking platinum and the graphene/carbon black(the ratio graphene/carbon black = 2/3) hybrid support materials achieved the average size of platinum nanoparticles with(4.88 ± 1.79) nm. It improved the performance of the lower-temperature hydrogen fuel cell up to 0.934 W cm^(-2) at 0.60 V, which is 1.55 times greater than that of commercial Pt/C. Doping also enhanced the interaction between Pt and the support materials, and the resistance to corrosion, thus improving the durability of the low-temperature hydrogen fuel cell with a much lower decay of 10 mV at 0.80 A cm^(-2) after 30 k cycles of an in-situ accelerated stress test of catalyst degradation than that of 92 mV in Pt/C, which achieves the target of Department of Energy(<30 mV). Meanwhile,Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3) remains 78% of initial power density at 1.5 A cm^(-2) after 5 k cycles of in-situ accelerated stress test of carbon corrosion, which is more stable than the power density of commercial Pt/C, keeping only 54% after accelerated stress test.

关键词： Nitrogen doped graphene Low-temperature hydrogen fuel cell Catalyst degradation Carbon corrosion

Graphene/carbon structured catalyst layer to enhance the performance and durability of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第12期75卷 399-407,I0011页

作者： Zhaoqi Ji Jianuo Chen Zunmin Guo Ziyu Zhao Rongsheng Cai Maxwell T.P.rigby Sarah J.Haigh Maria Perez-Page Yitao Shen Stuart M.Holmes School of Automotive Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai)Weihai 264209ShandongChina Department of Chemical Engineering The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Department of Materials The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

In this study,nitrogen doped electrochemically exfoliated reduced graphene oxide and carbon black supported platinum(Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3))has been prepared to enhance the performance and durability of hightemperature PEMFCs with lower Pt *** the one hand,Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)with the strong interaction between the Pt and nitrogen(N)prevent agglomeration of Pt particles and Pt particles is 5.46±1.46 nm,which is smaller than that of 6.78±1.34 nm in Pt/***,ECSA of Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)decrease 13.65%after AST,which is much lower than that of 97.99%in Pt/*** the other hand,the Nr EGO flakes in MEAac act as a barrier to mitigate phosphoric acid redistribution,which improves the formation of triple-phase boundaries(TPBs)and gives stable operation of the MEAacwith a lower decay rate of 0.02 mV h^(-1)within100 *** steady-state operation,the maximum power density of Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)(0.411 W cm^(-2))is three times higher than that of conventional Pt/C(0.134 W cm^(-2))in high-temperature *** AST,the mass transfer resistance of Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)electrode(0.560Ωcm^(2))is lower than that in Pt/C(0.728Ωcm^(2)).

关键词： High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell Phosphoric acid loss Pt catalyst degradation Accelerated stress test Durability

Australia and China:A Joint Report on the Bilateral Relationship

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Contemporary International Relations 2012年第3期22卷 42-57页

作者： Liu Junhong Guo Chunmei Richard rigby Sang Ye China Australia

After China and Australia established diplomatic ties in 1972, bilateral relations developed rapidly. People-to-people links, politicalexchanges and trade and economic cooperation played an increasingly larger part in the foreign policies of the two countries. In the post global financial crisis era, bilateral relations have remained positive and played an imPortant role in ensuring the stability and prosperity of the Pacific region. There have been several unavoidable misunderstandings and even disagreements between the two countries, which has influenced mutual trust and policies. This article will aim to analyze the history and current situation of the Sino-Australian relationship in an objective and comprehensive way; to look ahead to future bilateral relations, and make policy recommendations for the further development of bilateral ties to increase mutual understanding and promote a more positive future for Sino-Australian relations.

关键词：澳大利亚双边中国外交政策经济合作金融危机亚太地区