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Will artificial intelligence widen the therapeutic gap between children and adults?

Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 1-6页

作者： matthew Nagy Bryan Sisk albert Lai Eric Kodish Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology/OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Medicine Bioethics Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Institute for Informatics Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation Cleveland Clinic Children’sClevelandOhioUSA

The impending rise of artificial intelligence(AI)-powered healthcare offers exciting hope for improved care and outcomes in children with serious illnesses.1 The historical precedent in healthcare,however,suggests that advancements in adult care do not necessarily result in proportional progress in *** disparity was first noted in the mid-20th century when tragedies that involved drugs with well-studied and known adult safety profiles,such as sulfonamide elixir and thalidomide,resulted in harm to children due to limited pediatric clinical trial inclusion.2 As a result,legislation in 1962 required drug companies to include package labels that restricted or dissuaded the use of medications in children that were not properly studied in this population.2 Subsequently,physicians became reluctant to prescribe many medications,and pharmaceutical companies had little incentive to enroll children in trials as an unfavorable result could negatively impact sales in the adult market,and a successful outcome would only marginally increase the market pool.3 This lack of access led *** Shirkey to describe children as"therapeutic orphans"in 1968.2 After more than half a century of legislation aimed at increasing pediatric representation in research and drug development(Figure 1),enrollment of children in clinical trials remains disproportionately low,4 with children included in as few as 12%of trials for diseases with a burden equal to,or greater in,the pediatric versus adult population.

关键词： companies Figure properly

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recent advances in the management of rectal cancer: No surgery, minimal surgery or minimally invasive surgery

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第6期9卷 139-148页

作者： Joseph M Plummer Pierre-Anthony Leake matthew r albert Department of Surgery Radiology Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University of the West Indies Center for Colon and rectal Surgery De-partment of Colon and Rectal Surgery Florida Hospital

Over the last decade,with the acceptance of the need for improvements in the outcome of patients affected with rectal cancer,there has been a significant increase in the literature regarding treatment options available to patients affected by this *** treatment related decisions should be made at a high volume multidisciplinary tumor board,after pre-operative rectal magnetic resonance imaging and the importance of total mesorectal excision(TME)are accepted standard of *** controversial is the emerging role for watchful waiting rather than radical surgery in complete pathologic responders,which may be appropriate in 20%of *** with early T1 rectal cancers and favorable pathologic features can be cured with local excision only,with transanal minimal invasive surgery(TAMIS)because of its versatility and almost universal availability of the necessary equipment and skillset in the average laparoscopic surgeon,emerging as the leading *** trials have raised concerns about the oncologic outcomes of the standard"top-down"TME hence transanal TME(Ta TME"bottom-up")approach has gained popularity as an *** challenges are many,with a dearth of evidence of the oncologic superiority in the long-term for any given ***,this review highlights recent advances in the role of chemoradiation only for complete pathologic responders,TAMIS for highly selected early rectal cancer patients and Ta TME as options to improve cure rates whilst maintaining quality of life in these patients,while we await the results of further definitive trials being currently conducted.

关键词：直肠的癌症警惕等待 Transanal 最小的侵略外科 Transanal 全部的 mesorectal 切除

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recent development and challenges in enhancing fire performance on wood and wood-based composites:A 10-year review from 2012 to 2021

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 27-42页

作者： Charles Michael albert Kang Chiang Liew Faculty of Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Kota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia

Due to their durability,versatility,and aesthetic value,wood and wood-based composites are widely used as building *** fact that these materials are flammable,however,raises a major worry since they might cause fire hazards and significant loss of life and *** article investigates the variables that affect fire performance as well as the various fire-retardant treatments and their *** current developments and challenges in improving the fire performance of wood and wood-based composites treated with fire-retardant materials are summarized in this ***,organic chemicals,and densification are some recent developments in fire-retardant treatments that are also *** points from the review are summarized,along with potential areas for further research and development.

关键词： Fire performance Fire-retardant materials Wood Wood-based composite Nanoparticles coating Surface charring Bio-based fire retardant Densification

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NFA:A neural factorization autoencoder based online telephony fraud detection

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 158-167页

作者： Abdul Wahid Mounira Msahli albert Bifet Gerard Memmi Department of Computer Sciences and Networks(INFrES) LTCITelecom ParisInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseau91120France Artificial Intelligence Institute The University of WaikatoPrivate Bag 31053240HamiltonNew Zealand

The proliferation of internet communication channels has increased telecom fraud,causing billions of euros in losses for customers and the industry each *** constantly find new ways to engage in illegal activity on the *** reduce these losses,a new fraud detection approach is *** fraud detection involves identifying a small number of fraudulent calls from a vast amount of call *** an effective strategy to combat fraud has become *** much effort has been made to detect fraud,most existing methods are designed for batch processing,not real-time *** solve this problem,we propose an online fraud detection model using a Neural Factorization Autoencoder(NFA),which analyzes customer calling patterns to detect fraudulent *** model employs Neural Factorization Machines(NFM)and an Autoencoder(AE)to model calling patterns and a memory module to adapt to changing customer *** evaluate our approach on a large dataset of real-world call detail records and compare it with several state-of-the-art *** results show that our approach outperforms the baselines,with an AUC of 91.06%,a TPr of 91.89%,an FPr of 14.76%,and an F1-score of 95.45%.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in detecting fraud in real-time and suggest that it can be a valuable tool for preventing fraud in telecommunications networks.

关键词： Telecom industry Streaming anomaly detection Fraud analysis Factorization machine real-time system Security

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Network analyses:Inhibition of androgen receptor signaling reduces inflammation in the lung through Ar-MAF-IL6 signaling axes

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 140-143页

作者： albert r.Wang Andrew M.Baschnagel Zijian Ni Sean r.Brennan Hypatia K.Newton Darya Buehler Christina Kendziorski randall J.Kimple Gopal lyer Department of Human Oncology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center MadisonWI 53705USA Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA

Androgen receptor(Ar)is a major transcription factor that plays a role in inflammatory response including interleukin-6(IL6)signaling.1 While Ar regulation through paracrine loop signaling in prostate tissue is well-studied,its impact through an IL6 autocrine loop in the lung has not been wellstudied despite the organ's response to respiratory viral *** inhibition and rNA knockdown of Ar identified a bZIP transcription factor MAF to be a common target of inflammation using these perturbations in lung cells.

关键词： inflammation lung respiratory

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Low-power SiPM readout BETA ASIC for space applications

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 153-169页

作者： Anand Sanmukh Sergio Gómez albert Comerma Joan Mauricio rafel Manera Andreu Sanuy Daniel Guberman roger Catala albert Espinya Marina Orta Oscar de la Torre David Gascon Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica(FQA) Institut de Ciències del Cosmos(ICCUB)Universitat de Barcelona(UB)08028 BarcelonaSpain Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya(IEEC) 08034 BarcelonaSpain Electronics Department Serra Hunter fellow at Polytechnic University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 BarcelonaSpain

The BETA application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC)is a fully programmable chip designed to amplify,shape and digitize the signal of up to 64 Silicon photomultiplier(SiPM)channels,with a power consumption of approximately~1 mW/*** to its dual-path gain,the BETA chip is capable of resolving single photoelectrons(phes)with a signal-to-noise ratio(SNr)>5 while simultaneously achieving a dynamic range of~4000 ***,BETA can provide a cost-effective solution for the readout of SiPMs in space missions and other applications with a maximum rate below 10 *** this study,we describe the key characteristics of the BETA ASIC and present an evaluation of the performance of its 16-channel version,which is implemented using 130 nm *** ASIC also contains two discriminators that can provide trigger signals with a time jitter down to 400 ps FWHM for 10 *** linearity error of the charge gain measurement was less than 2%for a dynamic range as large as 15 bits.

关键词： radiation detectors Silicon photomultipliers Photon sensors Front-end electronics Mixed-mode ASICs Space technology

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Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Self-Perceived resilience: An Exploratory Study of Two Cohorts of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 33-48页

作者： albert Osom Krysta S.Barton Katie Sexton Lyndia Brumback Joyce P.Yi-Frazier Abby r.rosenberg ruth Engelberg Jill M.Steiner Department of Biostatistics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Biostatistics Epidemiology and Analytics for research(BEAr)Core Seattle Children’s Research InstituteSeattleWA98101USA College of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Center for Clinical and Translational research Seattle Children’s Research InstituteSeattleWA98101USA Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteDepartment of MedicineBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMA02215USA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Medicine&Cambia Palliative Care Center of ExcellenceUniversity of WashingtonHarborview Medical CenterSeattleWA98104USA Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine&Cambia Palliative Care Center of ExcellenceUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Social determinants of health(SDOH)affect quality of *** investigated SDOH impacts on self-perceived resilience among people with adult congenital heart disease(ACHD).Secondary analysis of data from two com-plementary studies:a survey study conducted May 2021–June 2022 and a qualitative study conducted June 2020–August *** was assessed through CD-rISC10 score(range 0–40,higher scores reﬂect greater self-perceived resilience)and interview *** and SDOH(education,employment,living situa-tion,monetary stability,ﬁnancial dependency,area deprivation index)data were collected by healthcare record review and *** used linear regression with robust standard errors to analyze survey data and performed a thematic analysis of interview *** participants(N=127)mean age was 42±14 years;51%were female,87%*** was moderate(75%)or complex(25%);41%functional class C or ***(mean 30±7)varied by monetary stability:compared to people with difﬁculty paying bills,resilience was 15.0 points higher(95%CI:6.9–23.1,pr people reporting having enough money and 14.2 points higher(95%CI:5.9–22.4,p=0.001)for those reporting just enough *** participants’(N=25)mean age was 32 years(range 22–44);52%were female,72%*** was moderate(56%)or complex(44%);76%functional class C or *** discussed factors affecting resilience aligned with each of the major SDOH,prominently,economic stability and healthcare access and *** stability may be important for supporting self-perceived resi-lience in *** knowledge can inform the development of resilience interventions for this population.

关键词： Social determinants of health adult congenital heart disease resilience ﬁnancial stability

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Creating Benchmarks in Urban Planning and Architecture

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China Today 2024年第7期73卷 32-34页

作者： JUAN albert Gengdang Institute of Beijing University of Technology

While learning from others,China can contribute new technologies,work capacity,and industrial strength to restore harmony with *** an architect and designer I have had the opportunity to combine my profession with teaching in several universities such as the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the Elisava Barcelona School of Design and Engineering where I was a professor for more than 20 *** at Ekkoabit,an educational project on environmental awareness in Barcelona,I teach,share,and explore knowledge and experiences with students from all over the world.

关键词： harmony Barcelona universities

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Contraceptive behaviors and awareness in an urban slum community of south India

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Asian pacific Journal of reproduction 2024年第4期13卷 160-168页

作者： Monica albert Sekhar Shanthi Edward Angeline Grace Sushmitha G Shirley Esther Priscilla Department of Community Medicine Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital(SBMCH)ChennaiIndia

Objective:To assess the factors associated with knowledge,attitude and behavior of contraception use among urban slum population in ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban slum of Anakaputhur,*** couples between ages of 19-49 years and living in slum areas were taken up for the study by simple random *** women,postnatal and postmenopausal women were excluded from the *** collection was done using a pretested structured questionnaire focusing on details regarding contraception knowledge,attitude,and *** analysis was done using IBM SPSS version *** test like Chi square and odds ratio(Or)were used to identify association between knowledge,attitude,and behavior of contraception with the associated variables and enter method of logistic regression analysis was ***:Out of the 360 respondents,228 were females,with a mean age of(34±5)*** 43%demonstrated adequate knowledge of contraception use,and 91%were aware of at least one contraceptive ***,72%exhibited a positive attitude towards contraceptive ***,43%(155 individuals)did not utilize any contraceptive *** contraceptive users,intrauterine devices were the most commonly adopted,followed by barrier methods and female *** was significant association between knowledge of contraception and education(aOr 7.29,95%CI 2.93-18.10,Pr 2.04,95%CI 1.19-3.50,Pr 3.66,95%CI 1.71-7.85,Pr 3.97,95%CI 2.12-7.49,Pregarding attitude towards contraception use,education(aOr 8.54,95%CI 2.35-31.03,Pr 0.15,95%CI 0.06-0.37,Pr 0.53,95%CI 0.28-0.99,Pr 4.42,95%CI 1.97-9.92,Pr 9.83,95%CI 3.63-26.58,Pr of children(aOr 10.04,95%CI 4.26-23.66,Pre the variables that had a significant ***:These findings underscore the imperative for enhanced d

关键词： Family planning Unmet need Sterilization Knowledge Practice Urban slum

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Game Theory based Optimal Defensive resources Allocation with Incomplete Information in Cyber-physical Power Systems against False Data Injection Attacks

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2024年第2期9卷 115-127页

作者： Bingjing Yan Zhenze Jiang Pengchao Yao Qiang Yang Wei Li albert Y.Zomaya College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China School of Information Technologies at The University of Sydney School of Information Technologies

Modern power grid is fast emerging as a complex cyber-physical power system(CPPS)integrating physical current-carrying components and processes with cyber-embedded computing,which faces increasing cy-berspace security threats and *** this paper,the state(i.e.,voltage)offsets resulting from false data injection(FDI)attacks and the bus safety characterization are applied to quantify the attack *** state offsets are obtained by the state estimation method,and the bus safety characterization considers the power net-work topology as well as the vulnerability and connection relationship of *** the indeterminacy of attacker’s resource consumption and reward,a zero-sum game-theoretical model from the defender’s perspective with incomplete information is explored for the optimal allocation of limited defensive *** attacker aims to falsify measurements without triggering threshold alarms to break through the protection,leading to load shedding,over-voltage or *** defender attempts to ensure the estimation results to be as close to the actual states as possible,and guarantee the system’s safety and efficient defensive resource *** proposed solution is extensively evaluated through simu-lations using the IEEE 33-bus test network and real-time digital simulator(rTDS)based testbed experiments of the IEEE 14-bus *** results demonstrate the effec-tiveness of the proposed game-theoretical approach for optimal defensive resource allocation in CPPS when lim-ited resources are available when under FDI *** Terms—Optimal strategy,game theory,Nash equilibrium,CPPS,FDI attack.

关键词： Optimal strategy game theory Nash equilibrium CPPS FDI attack

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