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The mechanisms of color production in black skin versus red skin on the heads of New World vultures

Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 86-92页

作者： Nicholas M.Justyn matthew J.powers Geoffrey E.Hill Kayla Alexander Adrián Naveda-Rodríguez Scott A.Rush Department of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnALUSA College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippiStateMSUSA Department of Wildlife Fisheriesand AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA

A determination of how the color of animal integument is produced is a starting point for investigations into the function and evolution of *** mechanisms that give rise to the color of bare skin of New World vultures are largely ***,we investigate the source of color production in the bare skin of Turkey Vultures(Cathartes aura)and Black Vultures(Coragyps atratus).Using UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy,we found evidence that hemoglobin is the primary pigment responsible for the red coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Turkey Vultures,and that eumelanin is responsible for the black coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Black *** microscopy of incisional skin samples further supported these mechanisms of color production by revealing the presence of numerous blood vessels near the surface of the Turkey Vulture skin,and a high concentration of melanosomes in the skin of Black *** high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),we detected carotenoids within the skin of both species with significantly higher total concentrations of carotenoids in the skin of Turkey Vultures compared to the skin of Black *** carotenoids detected were dietary carotenoids that typically produce yellow coloration when accumulated in integument and were present in low *** hypothesize that the dietary carotenoids present do not contribute to the color of the skin,but rather help to compensate for the lack of melanosomes found in Turkey Vulture *** presence of additional carotenoids may act as an antioxidant to minimize UV damage when the bare Turkey Vulture head skin is exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods of time when soaring and scavenging for food.

关键词： Carotenoids Cathartes aura Coragyps atratus Hemoglobin High performance liquid chromatography Melanosomes Skin biopsies

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Evaluation of nutrient stoichiometric relationships among ecosystem compartments of a subtropical treatment wetland. Do we have “Redfield wetlands”?

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 267-287页

作者： Paul Julian II Stefan Gerber Rupesh K.Bhomia Jill King Todd Z.Osborne Alan L.Wright matthew powers Jacob Dombrowski Soil and Water Sciences Department University of FloridaFt.PierceFL34945USA Soil and Water Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA South Florida Water Management District Water Quality Treatment TechnologiesWest Palm BeachFL 33406USA Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience University of FloridaSt AugustineFL 32080USA.

Background:Evaluation of carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)ratios in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems can advance our understanding of biological processes,nutrient cycling,and the fate of organic matter(OM)in these *** of aquatic ecosystems can change the accumulation and decomposition of OM which can alter biogeochemical cycling and alter the base of the aquatic food *** study investigated nutrient stoichiometry within and among wetland ecosystem compartments(i.e.,water column,flocculent,soil,and aboveground vegetation biomass)of two subtropical treatment wetlands with distinct vegetation *** flow-ways(FWs)within the network of Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas in south Florida(USA)were selected for this *** evaluated nutrient stoichiometry of these to understand biogeochemical cycling and controls of nutrient removal in a treatment wetland within an ecological stoichiometry ***:This study demonstrates that C,N,and P stoichiometry can be highly variable among ecosystem compartments and between *** law slopes of C,N,and P within surface water floc,soil,and vegetation were significantly different between and along ***:Assessment of wetland nutrient stoichiometry between and within ecosystem compartments suggests unconstrained stoichiometry related to P that conforms with the notion of P limitation in the *** in N:P ratios between floc and soil suggest different pathways of organic nutrient accumulation and retention between *** nutrient stoichiometry was highly variable and decoupled(or close to decoupled as indicated by<25%explained variation between parameters),in particular with respect to *** hypothesize that decoupling may be the imprint of variability in inflow nutrient ***,despite active biogeochemical cycles that could act to restore nutrient stoichiometry along the FW,there was little evidence that such balancing occurred,as the

关键词： Decomposition Mineralization Everglades Treatment wetlands

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Exercise-induced oxidative stress:Friend or foe?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第5期9卷 415-425页

作者： Scott K.powers Rafael Deminice Mustafa Ozdemir Toshinori Yoshihara matthew P.Bomkamp Hayden Hyatt Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32608USA Department of Physical Education State University of LondrinaLondrina10011Brazil Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences Hacettepe UniversityAnkara06800Turkey Department of Exercise Physiology Juntendo UniversityTokyo270-1695Japan

The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress in humans was published more than 4 decades *** this discovery,many ensuing investigations have corroborated the fact that muscular exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and results in oxidative stress in numerous tissues including blood and skeletal *** several tissues may contribute to exercise-induced ROS production,it is predicted that muscular contractions stimulate ROS production in active muscle fibers and that skeletal muscle is a primary source of ROS production during *** contraction-induced ROS generation is associated with(1)oxidant damage in several tissues(e.g.,increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation),(2)accelerated muscle fatigue,and(3)activation of biochemical signaling pathways that contribute to exercise-induced adaptation in the contracting muscle *** our understanding of exercise and oxidative stress has advanced rapidly during the last decades,questions remain about whether exercise-induced increases in ROS production are beneficial or harmful to *** review addresses this issue by discussing the site(s)of oxidant production during exercise and detailing the health consequences of exercise-induced ROS production.

关键词： Hormesis Oxidants Radicals Reactive oxygen species Skeletal muscle

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The 12th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第7期35卷 753-756页

作者： matthew A.LAZZARA Jordan G.powers Carol A.COSTANZA David H.BROMWICH Scott CARPENTIER Steve R.COLWELL Department of Physical Sciences School of Arts and Sciences Madison Area Technical College Madison WI 53704 USA Antarctic Meteorological Research Center Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80300 USA polar Meteorology Group Byrd Polar & Climate Research Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Bureau of Meteorology Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia British Antarctic Survey Cambridge CB3 0ET United Kingdom

*** The 12th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate（WAMC）,formerly known as the Antarctic Meteorological Observation,Modeling,and Forecasting（AMOMF）Workshop（AMOMFW）,was held at the National Center for Atmospheric Research（NCAR）in Boulder,Colorado,USA on 26–28 June *** annual workshop dates from 2006,and recent meetings have been the 10th AMOMF Workshop held in 2015 in Cambridge,

关键词： AWS The 12th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate SH

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Chinese Political Theory in Dialogue with Rousseau

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2022年第1期6卷 123-140,155页

作者： Martin powers University of Michigan

Within the vast body of scholarship on the Enlightenment,only a small portion addresses the role of China in the debates of that *** those,scarcely any concerns the relationship between China and Rousseau's *** the connections are many,and *** essay surveys a body of Chinese political theory available to Rousseau,then compares Rousseau's understanding of sovereignty,the“people,”popular will,public opinion,and the authority of office,with comparable terms present in the Chinese theory available to *** aim of this exercise is not so much to establish influence,though that can be dificult to ***,the essay attermpts to show that Rousseau's system generates contradictions in part because he attempts to combine parliamentary procedure with the conception of sovereignty and the popular will found in his Chinese sources.

关键词： China political theory Rousseau sovereignty popular will checks and balances public opinion corruption

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A sweet new study: tropical forest species use nonstructural carbohydrates in different ways during drought

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 387-388页

作者： Jennifer S.powers Departments of Ecology Evolution and Behaviorand Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Anthropogenic climate change results in more than just elevated *** regimes are also impacted,and these changes include altered rainfall amounts,seasonality and variability(Feng et al.2013),and increases in the frequency and severity of droughts(Dai 2013).Climate change is likely to have profound consequences for forests(Brodribb et al.2020).While the potential effects of droughts on forests through tree mortality have been acknowledged for some decades(Karnig and Wyford 1968),a concerted focus on trees and droughts in the scientific literature is relatively *** evidence in support of this claim,a Web of Science search for the key words‘tree and mortality and drought’for the years 1900 through 2020 reveals that 82%of articles on this topic have been published in the last *** such,there is still disagreement on the mechanisms through which individual trees,species and forest communities respond to drought(Brodribb et al.2020).

关键词： drought consequences structural

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The 10th Antarctic Meteorological Observation,Modeling,and Forecasting Workshop

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第5期33卷 I0001-I0003页

作者： Steve R.COLWELL Arthur M.CAYETTE matthew A.LAZZARA Jordan G.powers David H.BROMWICH John J.CASSANO Scott CARPENTIER British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUnited Kingdom Space and Naval Warfare System Center Office of Polar Programs North Charleston SCUSA Antarctic Meteorological Research Center Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madisonand Department of Physical SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesMadison Area Technical CollegeMadison WIUSA National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder COUSA Polar Meteorology Group Byrd Polar&Climate Research CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus OHUSA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado-BoulderBoulder COUSA Bureau of Meteorology HobartTasmaniaAustralia

1. Overview The 10th Antarctic Meteorological Observation, Modeling, and Forecasting Workshop （hereinafter AMOMFW） took place June 17-19, 2015 in the historic city of Cambridge, United Kingdom. The meeting followed its purpose of connecting Antarctic atmospheric science to weatherrelated operational issues and advances in observing, modeling, forecasting, and understanding the Antarctic environment.

关键词： AMRC Modeling

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The 16th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate and 6th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere Meeting

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第3期39卷 536-542页

作者： David H.BROMWICH matthew A.LAZZARA Arthur M.CAYETTE Jordan G.powers Kirstin WERNER John J.CASSANO Steven R.COLWELL Scott CARPENTIER Xun ZOU Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA Antarctic Meteorological Research Center Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsin 53704USA Department of Physical Sciences Madison Area Technical CollegeMadisonWisconsin 53706 USA Naval Information Warfare Center CharlestonSouth Carolina 29406USA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 53706USA Year of Polar Prediction(YOPP)International Coordination Office Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven 27570Germany National Snow and Ice Data Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColorado 80309USA British Antarctic Survey Cambridge CB30ETUnited Kingdom Bureau of Meteorology Hobart 7001Australia

1. Overview In June 2021, the 16th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate (WAMC) and the 6th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH) Meeting (http://***/WAMC;021/) were held online and hosted by the Polar Meteorology Group at Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus,Ohio (Fig. 1).

关键词： Antarctic Hemisphere Climate

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The 13th and 14th Workshops on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第5期37卷 423-430页

作者： matthew A.LAZZARA Sophie A.ORENDORF Taylor P.NORTON Jordan G.powers David H.BROMWICH Scott CARPENTIER John J.CASSANO Steven R.COLWELL Arthur M.CAYETTE Kirstin WERNER Antarctic Meteorological Research Center Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Physical Sciences School of Arts and SciencesMadison Area Technical CollegeMadison WI 53704USA Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 53706USA Polar Meteorology Group Byrd Polar&Climate Research CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA Bureau of Meteorology HobartTasmania 7001Australia Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA British Antarctic Survey Cambridge CB30ETUnited Kingdom Naval Information Warfare Center CharlestonSC 29406USA Year of Polar Prediction(YOPP)International Coordination Office Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven 27570Germany

*** In July 2018,the Antarctic community came together to meet at the 13th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)in Madison,Wisconsin,USA(Fig.1);and in the following year in June 2019,the 14th WAMC was held in Charleston,South Carolina,USA(Fig.2).With a growing history,the WAMC addresses the topics of Antarctic meteorology and climate(Kameda et al.,2008;Colwell et al.,2016;Lazzara et al.,2018)as well as weather-related issues of scientific and operational *** workshops bring together researchers,operational forecasters,numerical modelers,observational specialists,and *** themes of both workshops included Antarctic meteorological observations,Antarctic atmospheric numerical modeling,Antarctic meteorological and climate research,and Antarctic weather forecasting and operational *** 2018 and 2019 WAMC were both followed by a one-day focus on the Year of Polar Prediction-Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH),when preparations and follow-up discussions were made with regard to the YOPP Special Observing Period from 16 November 2018 to 15 February 2019.

关键词： Antarctic weather meteorological

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Real-time in situ detection and quantification of bacteria in the Arctic environment

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第2期7卷 35-45页

作者： Linda powers Walther R.Ellis Jr. Christopher R.Lloyd Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tuc sonAZ 85721 Department of Biomedical Enginering University of ArizonaTucsonAz 85721 MicroBioSystems of Arizona 1665.E 18th St.Suite 204TucsonAZ 85719

At present,there are no methods that determine the total micro ial load on an abiotic substra tein real *** utility of such a capability ranges from sterilization and medical diagnostics tothe search for new microorganisms in the environment and study of their ecological *** the development of a hand held,fluorescence detection device and demonstrate its applicability to the field detection of Arctic bacteria,This technology is based on the early pioneering work of Britton Chance which elucidated the intrinsic fiuorescence of a number ofmetabolites and protein cofactors in cels,including reduced pyridine nucleotides,cytochromesand flavins.A PDA controls the device(fluorescence excitation and data collection)and processesthe multiwavelength signals to yield bacterial cell counts,including cstimates of ive cells,deadcells and *** existing methods for cell counting,this method requires no samplecontact or addition of *** use of this technology is demonstrated with in situmea surements of two sub-glacial microbial communities at sites in Palander and colonized surfacerocks in the Bockijord Volcanic Complex during AMASE 2008(Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition),The total bacterial load on the interrogated sample surfaces ranged from1o9 cells/cm^(2).

关键词： Intrinsic fuorescence microbial sensor optical detection amplitude modulation Svalbard Archipelago.

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