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The Effect of Youth Coaching Styles on “Winner, Non-Winner” and “Loser” Scripts in Young Athletes

2019年

作者： (美)大卫·霍顿·史密斯

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Health 2019年第11期11卷 1493-1500页

作者： Mark Cogburn Joshua Hollis Rita horton Health Sciences Center Louisiana State University Shreveport USA

Purpose and Motivation: Youth coaches continue to be among the most important influences in the lives of children and adolescents. This article looks at four specific youth coaching styles and how three of the coaching approaches evoke poor coping skills and weaken resiliency behaviors in children and adolescents. Problem: The authors present an overview of how youth coaching styles contribute to unconscious powerful Transactional Analysis (TA) life scripts that can negatively impact children into adulthood. The authors examine four unique coaching styles and their effect on the Winner, Loser, and Non-Winner life scripts found in the Transactional Analysis literature. Methods: While the literature is quite limited on this topic, themes and inferences were drawn from previously published professional literature. Results: Findings reflect how specific coaching styles may evoke winner, loser and non-winner scripts in young athletes, and that these scripts can influence children later in life. Conclusion: The authors recommend using the positive-structured coaching style in youth sports to promote resiliency, fun, and improved coping skills in youth playing sports.

关键词： Coaching Styles Youth Sports Transactional Analysis Mental Health Athletes

Collagen vascular disease-associated interstitial lung disease

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World Journal of Respirology 2015年第2期5卷 93-101页

作者： Christine L Vigeland Maureen R horton Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Interstitial lung disease(ILD) is an important mani-festation of collagen vascular diseases. It is a common feature of scleroderma, and also occurs in dermatomyositis and polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. When present, it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, thus making early diagnosis important. In fact, in many patients, ILD may be the first manifestation of a collagen vascular disease. The most common symptoms are cough and dyspnea. The diagnosis is made based on pulmonary function tests showing restrictive lung disease and impaired oxygen diffusion and chest imaging showing ground glass infiltrates, interstitial thickening, and/or fibrosis. The most common histologic finding on lung biopsy is non-specific interstitial pneumonia, though organizing pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia may also be seen. Treatment is focused on addressing the underlying collagen vascular disease with immunosuppression, either with corticosteroids or a steroid-sparing agent such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, or mycophenolate, although the optimal agent and duration of therapy is not known. There are few clinical trials to guide therapy that focus specifically on the progression of ILD. The exception is in the case of scleroderma-associated ILD, where cyclophosphamide has been shown to be effective.

关键词： Interstitial lung disease Collagen vascular disease Connective tissue disease Rheumatoid arthritis Scleroderma Myositis Sjogren’s syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis Mixed connective tissue disease

Estimating van Genuchten Model Parameters of Undisturbed Soils Using an Integral Method

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Pedosphere 2010年第1期20卷 55-62页

作者： HAN Xiang-Wei SHAO Ming-An R. horton Arid Land Research Center Tottori University Hamasaka Tottori 1390 680001 (Japan) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry-land Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 (China) Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 (USA)

The van Genuchten model is the most widely used soil water retention curve （SWRC） model. Two undisturbed soils （clay and loam） were used to evaluate the accuracy of the integral method to estimate van Genuchten model parameters and to determine SWRCs of undisturbed soils. SWRCs calculated by the integral method were compared with those measured by a high speed centrifuge technique. The accuracy of the calculated results was evaluated graphically, as well as by root mean square error （RMSE）, normalized root mean square error （NRMSE） and Willmott＇s index of agreement （1）. The results obtained from the integral method were quite similar to those by the centrifuge technique. The RMSEs （4.61 ×10^-5 for Eum-Orthic Anthrosol and 2.74 × 10^-4 for Los-Orthic Entisol） and NRMSEs （1.56 × 10^-4 for Eum- Orthic Anthrosol and 1.45 ×10^-3 for Los-Orthic Entisol） were relatively small. The 1 values were 0.973 and 0.943 for Eum-Orthic Anthrosol and Los-Orthic Entisol, respectively, indicating a good agreement between the integral method values and the centrifuge values. Therefore, the integral method could be used to estimate SWRCs of undisturbed clay and loam soils.

关键词： horizontal infiltration normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) root mean square error (RMSE) water retention. Willmott's index

Towards reliable Arctic sea ice prediction using multivariate data assimilation

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Science Bulletin 2019年第1期64卷 63-72页

作者： Jiping Liu Zhiqiang Chen Yongyun Hu Yuanyuan Zhang Yifan Ding Xiao Cheng Qinghua Yang Lars Nerger Gunnar Spreen Radley horton Jun Inoue Chaoyuan Yang Ming Li Mirong Song Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at Albany State University of New York College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean University Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies and School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung University of Bremen Institute of Environmental Physics Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Earth Institute National Institute of Polar Research Polar Research and Forecasting Division National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Rapid declines in Arctic sea ice have captured attention and pose significant challenges to a variety of stakeholders. There is a rising demand for Arctic sea ice prediction at daily to seasonal time scales, which is partly a sea ice initial condition problem. Thus, a multivariate data assimilation that integrates sea ice observations to generate realistic and skillful model initialization is needed to improve predictive skill of Arctic sea ice. Sea ice data assimilation is a relatively new research area. In this review paper, we focus on two challenges for implementing multivariate data assimilation systems for sea ice forecast. First, to address the challenge of limited spatiotemporal coverage and large uncertainties of observations, we discuss sea ice parameters derived from satellite remote sensing that(1) have been utilized for improved model initialization, including concentration, thickness and drift, and(2) are currently under development with the potential for enhancing the predictability of Arctic sea ice, including melt ponds and sea ice leads. Second, to strive to generate the ‘‘best" estimate of sea ice initial conditions by combining model simulations/forecasts and observations, we review capabilities and limitations of different data assimilation techniques that have been developed and used to assimilate observed sea ice parameters in dynamical models.

关键词： Arctic sea ice prediction Remote sensing Data assimilation

Dysthymia, major depression, and double depression among individuals receiving substance abuse treatment

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1229-1237页

作者： Naelys Diaz Eloise Gail horton Michael Weiner Behavioral Health of the Palm Beaches Inc. North Palm Beach USA Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton USA

The purpose of this study was to compare dysthymia, double depression (DD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) among individuals receiving substance abuse treatment on individual characteristics and mental health factors including age, gender, alcohol and drug dependence, number of previous mental health and substance abuse treatments, number of suicide attempts and attempts under the influence, and perceived quality of life. Out of the 336 medical records reviewed, 41.4% had dysthymia, 4.5% had MDD, and 14% had DD. Results indicated gender differences among those who had dysthymia and MDD, and age differences for those with dysthymia. Mental health factors associated with different mood disorders included alcohol dependence, drug dependence, suicide attempts, suicide attempts under the influence, and quality of life. Implications for the mental health field are discussed, underlining the importance of developing and providing competent treatment for clients with co-occurring disorders.

关键词： Dysthymia Mood Disorders Substance Use Disorders

DIABETES MELLITUS:CLASSIFICATION,THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS,INTERVENTIONS AND COMPLICATIONS

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DIABETES MELLITUS:CLASSIFICATION,THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS,INTERVE...

TECTONO-SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION OF THE TERTIARY BASINS IN EASTERN TIBET: CONSTRAINING THE RAISING OF TIBETAN PLATEAU

纽特健康糖（阿斯巴甜）在健康饮食中的应用专题研讨会

作者： Edward S.horton Medical Director Joslin Diabetes Center One Joslin Place Boston MA 02215

Diabetes Mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is increasing in prevalence in many populations around the world. The most common form of diabetes is non-insulin dependent (NIDDM or Type ⅡGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) may be forerunners of NIDDM and when they are diagnosed appropriate interventions should be taken to prevent or delay progression to *** the pathogenesis of NIDDM is not fully understood, at least three factors are important: a genetic predisposition, the presence of insulin resistance, and a defect in pancreatic B-cell function. Conditions associated with the development of insulin resistance increase the risk of NIDDM greatly. Chief among these are obesity, advancing age and decreased physical activity. Moderate degrees of weight reduction and increased physical activity are associated with decreases in plasma insulin, improved insulin sensitivity and lower plasma glucose levels. Appropriate diet, weight reduction and exercise programs are the first step in the prevention and treatment, of NIDDM. If these are unsuccessful, oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy should be used to achieve blood glucose levels as close to normal as *** Diabetes Control and Complications Trial has demonstrated conclusively that improved glycemia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) is associated with a marked reduction in the development and progression of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy as well as improved lipid profiles. It is logical to assume that these beneficial effects of improved glycemic control will also apply to patients with NIDDM. Since many patients with NIDDM are not diagnosed, it is important to increase awareness of this disease, identify high risk populations and previously undiagnosed cases and implement life style changes in diet and physical exercise that will reduce the risk of developing NIDDM or provide effective treatment.

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 287-288页

作者： Zhou Jiangyu\+1, Wang Jianghai\+1, Yin An\+2,Brian horton\+3, matthew Spurlin\+2[WT5,5”BX](1 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, Guangzhou 510640,China 2.Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Institute of Geo

The Tertiary basins are distributed in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau along the large\|scale arc\|shaped strike\|slip belt of the Qiangtang—Hengduan Shan—Jinshajiang—Red River belt. Most of basins were controlled by regional northwest\| and south\|north treading faults, and a few basins were constrained by northwest\| or north\|north\|east\|treading local *** detailed field mapping and sedimentologic observations for 6 typical Tertiary basins in eastern Tibet show that their types include depressive basins, rifting basins, pull\|apart and extensional basins related to strike\|slip faulting, and erosion\|residual basins. Recently, most of them are controlled by compression\| or thrust\|related margin faults in single side or double laterals of these basins. Not\|well\|developed strata in the Tertiary basins were deformed to form various tight folds and thrusts. High\|K magma intruded widely into the basins. The tectono\|sedimentary evolution of the Tertiary basins appears tempo\|spatially inhomogeneous. The preliminary model to interpret the Tertiary basin evolution is described as below.

关键词： Tertiary basins Sedimentology Tibet raising Eastern T ibet

信息素养和终身学习领域的图书馆员和其他信息专业人员的职业和专业发展机会与挑战

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图书情报知识 2009年第1期26卷 9-10,62页

作者： Forest Woody horton 邱晓琳 International Information Consultant Information Resources Management ExpertUNESCO's facilitator for IL workshop in the world 武汉大学信息管理学院

在今天和明天的培训班上,大家会反复地听到“信息素养和终身学习”。我很荣幸作为联合国教科文组织信息素养项目的推广者,今年已在全世界所有的地区主办了11个培训班,其中6个已经完成。在这6个培训班上,专家和学员充分强调和讨论了该项... 详细信息

在今天和明天的培训班上,大家会反复地听到“信息素养和终身学习”。我很荣幸作为联合国教科文组织信息素养项目的推广者,今年已在全世界所有的地区主办了11个培训班,其中6个已经完成。在这6个培训班上,专家和学员充分强调和讨论了该项目带来的职业和专业发展机会与挑战。今天,我愿意与大家分享这些成果。[第一段]

关键词：信息素养专业发展终身学习信息专业人员图书馆员学习领域职业联合国教科文组织