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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第3期11卷 191-192页

作者： Lauren McGarey Patrick Liddicoat matthew Gaines Martyn Harvey grant Cave Intensive Care Unit Tamworth Base HospitalTamworthNew South WalesAustralia Emergency Department Tamworth Base HospitalTamworthNew South WalesAustralia Waikato Hospital HamiltonNew Zealand

Dear editor,Peripheral venous blood gas(VBG)analysis is increasingly used as an alternative to arterial sampling in Emergency Departments throughout the world.[1]There are multiple advantages using peripheral venous samples for blood gas analysis-technical ease,reduced pain and fewer *** difference in sample site chosen for blood gas analysis between European and Australian centres has been notable for members of our author group,prompting discussion and review of the literature.

关键词： venous saturation prompt

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Strong observability as a sufficient condition for non-singularity and lossless convexification in optimal control with mixed constraints

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Control Theory and Technology 2022年第4期20卷 475-487页

作者： Sheril Kunhippurayil matthew W.Harris Torc Robotics Inc.405 Partnership DriveBlacksburg 24060VirginiaUSA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Utah State University4130 Old Main HillLogan 84322UtahUSA

This paper analyzes optimal control problems with linear time-varying dynamics defined on a smooth manifold in addition to mixed constraints and pure control *** main contribution is the identification of sufficient conditions for the optimal controls to be non-singular,which enables exact(or lossless)convex relaxations of the control *** problem is analyzed in a geometric framework using a recent maximum principle on manifolds,and it is shown that strong observability of the dual system on the cotangent space is the key *** minimum time problems are analyzed and solved.A minimum fuel planetary descent problem is then analyzed and relaxed to a convex *** enables its efficient solution in less than one second without any initial guess.

关键词： Optimal control Strong observability Lossless convexification

Sediment transport simulation and design optimization of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第1期37卷 14-25页

作者： Salman Saki grant Besse Peng Yin Daniel Gang Donald Hayes Department of Civil Engineering University of Louisiana at Lafayette University of Texas at San Antonio U.S.Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC)

Coastal Louisiana has the nation’s most fragile and valuable wetlands,whose loss represents 80% of the total losses in the United *** severely restricted mobility of conventional shoreline protection structures makes them impossible to be *** Wave Suppression and Sediment Collection(WSSC) system is a novel technology of high mobility and compatible with existing shoreline protection *** laboratory studies on WSSC showed great potential for wave reduction and sediment *** current study aimed to optimize the design parameters of WSSC using a validated computational model.A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated using experimental data from the previous laboratory ***,a parametric analysis was conducted with a focus on the performance optimization of wave reduction and sediment collection with respect to pipe diameter and face *** results showed that the wave reduction efficiency decreased with increasing pipe diameter and face *** contrast,the sediment transport efficiency was enhanced by increasing pipe diameter but was not affected significantly by varying face slopes.

关键词： Breakwaters Computational fluid dynamics Sediment transport Shoreline protection Coastal engineering ANSYS FLUENT

Influence of temperature on twinning dominated pop-ins during nanoindentation of a magnesium single crystal

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第1期10卷 183-194页

作者： Jun Cheng Tingting Guo matthew R.Barnett School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoria 3216Australia School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Technological UniversityXi'an cityShaanxi 710021.China

The present paper examines the temperature sensitivity of tensile twinning in a magnesium single crystal during nanoindentation of the prismatic plane. High temperature indentations from 25 ℃ to 250 ℃ were employed on a well polished magnesium single crystal {10-10}plane. For a indentation curve displaying a pop-in, a single twin was seen on the sample surface using Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM)imaging. For indentations that produced no pop-in, no twinning was observed. We thus conclude the pop-in arises from a twinning event in the present case. With increasing temperature, the mean pop-in load(measured from 200 repeat indentations of each testing temperature)drops markedly. This is interpreted by the thermal activation of nucleation of lattice dislocations, which immediately trigger a twinning *** activation analysis yields activation energies that are consistent with this idea. With increasing temperature the pop-ins became deeper and the twins, after further indentation, showed more growth. It is likely that non-basal slip is activated in the stress concentrations that arise during twinning and the thermal activation of this slip accounts for the observed temperature effects. It is concluded that in interpreting the temperature sensitivity of twinning stresses, any associated lattice dislocation activity must be considered.

关键词： Magnesium single crystal Twinning Temperature Nanoindentation

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“Goals Give You Hope”:An Exploration of Goal Setting in Young People Experiencing Mental Health Challenges

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第5期24卷 771-781页

作者： Jamie Penno Sarah Hetrick grant Christie Department of Psychological Medicine The University of AucklandAuckland0626New Zealand

The mental health of New Zealand’s adolescents is,by global standards,remarkably *** such mental health needs is not only pertinent with regards to the quality of life of our young people,but also the health of our society as a whole,with current unmet youth mental health needs becoming future adult population health *** an array of evidence-based psychotherapies are available as treatment,our knowledge of the mechan-ism of actions underlying each of these is *** propose that the practice of goal setting as a therapeutic technique may represent not only a common element across these therapies,but may also signiﬁcantly contribute to their relative efﬁ*** a fuller understanding of goal setting’s usefulness and efﬁcacy,as perceived by youth with mental health difﬁculties,may serve to aid in the development and deployment of more effective interventions,providing a small stepping-stone on the path towards addressing our current youth mental health *** a series of semi-structured interviews with nine young people aged 16–24 years old in New Zeal-and,we strive to create a nuanced understanding of young people’s perception and use of goal setting,and its potential signiﬁcance both within and beyond the realm of *** themes derived from the data include(1)motivation for goal setting and achieving;(2)barriers to goal setting and achieving;(3)strategies for goal achievement;(4)the role of self-efﬁcacy;(5)the role of support;and(6)beneﬁts of goal ***ﬁnd-ings generated from this study suggest that goal setting as a therapeutic technique,when used appropriately,can have signiﬁcant positive impacts on the emotional state,productivity,and view of the future for young people experiencing mental health challenges.

关键词： Mental health mental wellbeing adolescent psychology adolescent wellbeing adolescent medicine mental health recovery

ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY,VALUE EVOLUTION,AND ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION OF PROFESSIONAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURSHIP:A MULTI-CASE COMPARISON IN CHINA

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第1期10卷 135-148页

作者： Yifeng ZHANG Chunfang YANG Bright OBUOBI Martin Kobby grant College of Management Shandong Vocational University of Foreign AffairsRushan 264504China College of Economics and Management Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

A comparative multi-case analysis of professional farmer entrepreneurship cases in China was performed by applying the structural hole *** results confirmed four views.(1)Choosing the modern agriculture project entrepreneurship is rational for professional farmers,who return from urban,to reduce the interference from non-market *** success of this project stems from its ability to successfully occupy the structural hole of the market trading network.(2)In economically developed areas,professional farmers start their businesses and reduce transaction costs with factors by occupying‘self-benefit’or‘mutual-benefit’structural holes in market networks.(3)In traditional agricultural areas,for reducing factor transaction costs,professional farmers occupy the organizational-governance structural hole of rural social relationship networks and the mutual-benefit structural hole of market networks to start their businesses.(4)The embedding order of these two structural holes will change depending on the differences in the local resource *** article proposes some suggestions to encourage professional farmers to develop featured agricultural projects,build a close benefit-linked mechanism with smallholders through the provision of socialized services,and participate in the governance of rural communities.

关键词： Benefit-linked mechanism featured agriculture organizational integration professional farmers rural cooperative structural hole theory

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Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A Goldman Adam L Crane Laurence E A Feyten Emily Collins grant E Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue *** instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing *** chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s *** the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some *** so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and *** Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be *** this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(Experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(Experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality ***,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by *** variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

Numerical Analysis of Microchannels Designed for Heat Sinks

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第4期5卷 354-369页

作者： matthew McCormack Fengzhou Fang Jufan Zhang Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology(MNMT-Dublin) School of Mechanical&Materials EngineeringUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments Laboratory of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology(MNMT)Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

Conjugate heat transfer is numerically investigated using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics approach in various microchannel geometries to identify a high-performance cooling method for piezoelectric ceramic stacks and spindle units in high-precision *** microchannels with rectangular cross sections are first considered,showing the performance limitations of decreasing the size of the microchannels,so other solutions are needed for high applied heat ***,many microchannel designs,focusing on streamwise geometric variation,are compared to straight channels to assess their *** varying channels produce the highest heat transfer rates of those ***,their optimization is considered at a channel width and height of 35 and 100μm,*** transfer increases as the amplitude and spatial frequencies of the channels increase due to increased interfacial surface area and enhanced Dean *** highest performance efficiencies are observed at intermediate levels of amplitude and frequency,with efficiency decreasing as these geometric parameters are increased further at the onset of flow *** sinusoidal channel geometries are then optimized with respect to minimizing the system’s pressure drop for all applied heat fluxes between 5690 and 6510 kW/*** so created an optimal geometry curve and showed that all geometries in this region had amplitudes close to 40μ***,imposing a fixed heat flux requirement for a case study of cooling piezoelectric ceramics,the optimized sinusoidal geometry decreases the system pressure drop by 79%relative to a straight channel while maintaining a larger minimum feature size.

关键词： Microchannel Heat sink Conjugate heat transfer Numerical simulation

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

The influence of nanotopography on cell behaviour through interactions with the extracellular matrix-A review

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第9期7卷 145-159页

作者： Jiajun Luo matthew Walker Yinbo Xiao Hannah Donnelly matthew J.Dalby Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment University of GlasgowGlasgowG128LTUK

Nanotopography presents an effective physical approach for biomaterial cell manipulation mediated through material-extracellular matrix *** extracellular matrix that exists in the cellular microenvironment is crucial for guiding cell behaviours,such as determination of integrin ligation and interaction with growth *** interactions with the extracellular matrix regulate downstream mechanotransductive pathways,such as rearrangements in the cytoskeleton and activation of signal *** adsorption onto nanotopography strongly influences the conformation and distribution density of extracellular matrix and,therefore,subsequent cell *** this review,we first discuss the interactive mechanisms of protein physical adsorption on ***,we summarise advances in creating nanotopographical features to instruct desired cell ***,we focus on the cellular mechanotransductive pathways initiated by *** review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art designs of nanotopography aiming to provide better biomedical materials for the future.

关键词： Nanotopography Cell-material interaction Protein adsorption Biomaterials