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Spatially and spectrally resolved orbital angular momentum interactions in plasmonic vortex generators

Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 907-915页

作者： Jordan A.Hachtel Sang-Yeon Cho Roderick B.Davidson II matthew A.feldman matthew f.chisholm Richard f.Haglund Juan Carlos Idrobo Sokrates T.Pantelides Benjamin J.Lawrie Center for Nanophase Materials Science Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Quantum Information Science Group Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleNashvilleTN 37235USA Chemistry Division U.S.Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonD.C.20375USA

Understanding the near-field electromagnetic interactions that produce optical orbital angular momentum(OAM)is crucial for integrating twisted light into ***,we examine the cathodoluminescence(CL)of plasmonic vortices carrying OAM generated in spiral *** nanospiral geometry defines a photonic local density of states that is sampled by the electron probe in a scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM),thus accessing the optical response of the plasmonic vortex with high spatial and spectral *** map the full spectral dispersion of the plasmonic vortex in spiral structures designed to yield increasing topological ***,we fabricate nested nanospirals and demonstrate that OAM from one nanospiral can be coupled to the nested nanospiral,resulting in enhanced luminescence in concentric spirals of like handedness with respect to concentric spirals of opposite *** results illustrate the potential for generating and coupling plasmonic vortices in chiral nanostructures for sensitive detection and manipulation of optical OAM.

关键词： momentum spectral angular

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Complement-dependent neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury:from pathology to therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily firas Kobeissy Juanmarco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian Mustroph David Gimbel Jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow matthew f.Gary Ali M.Alawieh Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotrauma Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury remains a major cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decompression and rehabilitation,there are no pharmacological treatments to limit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the complement system in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflammation,a similar role for complement in spinal neuroinflammation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of complement in spinal cord injury including the sources of complement proteins,triggers of complement activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data demonstrating the different triggers of complement activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated molecular *** effector functions of complement have been implicated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of complement anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while emphasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we systematically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical models of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into human *** review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different complement pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvement of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of complement in white matter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplement genetic models.

关键词： complement neuroinflammation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

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Comparison of reflux esophagitis and its complications between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第23期15卷 2878-2881页

作者： Kenneth J Vega Sian chisholm M Mazen Jamal Divisions of Gastroenterology and General Internal Medicine University of Florida Health Sciences Center Jacksonville Florida 32207 United States Gastroenterology Section Veterans Affairs Medical Center 5901 E. 7th St. Long Beach CA 90822 United States

AIM: To determine the effect of ethnicity on the severity of reflux esophagitis (RE) and its complications. METHODS: A retrospective search of the endoscopy database at the University of florida Health Science Center/Jacksonville for all cases of reflux esophagitis and its complications from January 1 to March 31, 2001 was performed. Inclusion criteria were endoscopic evidence of esophagitis using the LA classif ication, reflux related complications and self-reported ethnicity. The data obtained included esophagitis grade, presence of a hiatal hernia, esophageal ulcer, stricture and Barrett's esophagus, and endoscopy indication. RESULTS: The search identified 259 patients with RE or its complications, of which 171 were non-Hispanic whites and 88 were African Americans. The mean ages and male/female ratios were similar in the two groups. RE grade, esophageal ulcer, stricture and hiatal hernia frequency were likewise similar in the groups. Barrett's esophagus was present more often in non-Hispanic whites than in African Americans (15.8% vs 4.5%; P frequent indication for endoscopy in non-Hispanic whites with erosive esophagitis than in African Americans (28.1% vs 7.9%; P f RE grade and frequency of reflux-related esophageal ulcer, stricture andhiatal hernia are similar in non-Hispanic whites and African Americans. Heartburn was more frequently and nausea/vomiting less frequently reported as the primary endoscopic indication in non-Hispanic whites compared with African Americans with erosive esophagitis or its complications. African Americans have a decreased prevalence of Barrett's esophagus compared with non-Hispanic whites.

关键词： Reflux esophagitis African American Hiatal hernia Barrett's esophagus

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Sexual selection affects the sizes of the mammalian prostate gland and seminal vesicles

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Current Zoology 2009年第1期55卷 1-8页

作者： matthew J. ANDERSON Alan f. DIXSON Conservation and Research for Endangered Species Zoological Society of San Diego School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington

The accessory reproductive glands of male mammals contribute the bulk of the secretions in which spermatozoa are transported to the female tract during copulation. Despite their morphological diversity, and the chemical complexity of their products, little is known about the possible effects of sexual selection upon these glands in mammals. Here we consider the seminal vesicles and prostate glands in a sample of 89 species and 60 genera representing 8 Orders of mammals. The sizes of the accessory glands are analysed in relation to body weight and testes weight. Both the seminal vesicles size and prostate size （corrected for body weight） correlate positively with relative testes size in this sample; this finding remains highly significant after application of procedures to correct for possible phylogenetic biases in the data set. The accessory reproductive glands are also significantly larger in those mammals which have large relative testes sizes, and in which the likelihood of sperm competition is greatest. These results support the hypothesis that sexual selection has played an important role in the evolution of the mammalian prostate gland and seminal vesicles.

关键词： Mammals Prostrate gland Seminal vesicles Sexual selection Sperm competition

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foundations of the Nanoworld through Aberration-Corrected STEM

Foundations of the Nanoworld through Aberration-Corrected ST...

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2005年纳米和表面科学与技术全国会议

作者： M.f.chisholm Oak Ridge National Laboratory Condensed Matter Sciences DivisionOak RidgeTN 37831 USA

The properties of many exciting new materials and devices are becoming moredependant on their structural details down to the level of single ***,characterization of the atomic configurations and electronic structure of matter at theatomic scale is becoming a more vital part of *** combination of atomicresolution Z-contrast imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy(EELS)using ascanning transmission electron microscope(STEM)is a powerful approach to link theatomic and electronic structures to properties allowing materials,nanoscale systems and

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Indian time:time,seasonality,and culture in Traditional Ecological Knowledge of climate change

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 274-284页

作者： Samantha chisholm Hatfield Elizabeth Marino Kyle Powys Whyte Kathie D.Dello Philip W.Mote Oregon Climate Change Research Institute Oregon State University104 CEOAS Admin BuildingCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Social Sciences Oregon State University Cascades Campus2600 NW College WayBendOR 97701USA Department of Philosophy Michigan State University503 S.Kedzie HallEast LansingMI 48824-1032USA Department of Community Sustainability Michigan State University503 S.Kedzie HallEast LansingMI 48824-1032USA

Introduction:Western climate science and Traditional Ecological Knowledge(TEK)represent complementary and overlapping views of the causes and consequences of *** particular,observations of changes in abundance,distribution,phenology,or behavior of the natural environment(including plants and animals)can have a rich cultural and spiritual interpretation in Indigenous communities that may not be present in western science ***:Using interviews with Indigenous elders and other Traditional Knowledge holders,we demonstrate that assumptions about the nature,perception,and utilization of time and timing can differ across knowledge systems in regard to climate ***:Our interviewees’focus on relationality predisposes them to notice interactional changes among humans and other species,to be sensitive to smaller scale examples of change,to be more likely to see climate change as part of a broader time scale,and to link changes to a greater suite of socio-political phenomena,including the long arc of *** implication of this research and the interactions among humans and other species is that policies restricting Native and non-Native access to resources(i.e.,hunting and fishing)to certain calendar seasons may need to be revisited in a changing climate.

关键词： Traditional Ecological Knowledge(TEK) Traditional Knowledge(TK) Indigenous Knowledge(IK) Climate change Phenology Seasonality Time

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The role of latitudinal, genetic and temperature variation in the induction of diapause of Papilio glaucus （Lepidoptera： Papilionidae）

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 328-336页

作者： Sean f. Ryan Patti Valella Gabrielle Thivierge matthew L. Aardema J. Mark Scriber Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA USDA-ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive Gainesville Florida USA Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Life Science Department Long Beach City College Long Beach California USA Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York New York USA McGuire Centerfor Lepidoptera and Diversity University of Florida Gainesville Florida US

A key adaptation in insects for dealing with variable environmental conditions is the ability to diapause. The tiger swallowtail butterflies, Papilio glaucus and P. canadensis are ideal species to explore the genetic causes and population genetic consequences of diapause because divergence in this trait is believed to be a salient factor in maintaining a hybrid zone between these species. Yet little is known about the factors that influence diapause induction in this system. Here we explored how spatial （latitudinal）, environmental （temperature） and genetic （hybridization） factors affect diapause induction in this system. Specifically, a series of growth chamber experiments using wild caught individuals from across the eastern United States were performed to：（1） evaluate how critical photoperiod varies with latitude, （2） isolate the stage in which induction occurs, （3） test whether changes in temperature affected rates of diapause induction, and （4） explore how the incidence of diapause is affected in hybrid offspring. We find that induction occurs in the larval stage, is not sensitive to a relatively broad range of temperatures, appears to have a complex genetic basis （i.e., is not simply a dominant trait following a Mendelian inheritance pattern） and that the critical photoperiod increases by 0.4 h with each increasing degree in latitude. This work deepens our understanding of how spatial, environmental and genetic variation influences a key seasonal adaptation （diapause induction） in a well-developed ecological model system and will make possible future studies that explore how climatic variation affects the population dynamics and genetics of this system.

关键词： adaptation critical photoperiod development diapauses facultative hybridization

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A New foraminiferal Bioindicator for Long-Term Heat Stress on Coral Reefs

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1451-1459页

作者： Alexander f.Humphreys Sam J.Purkis Chuyan Wan matthew Aldrich Sarah Nichols Jazmin Garza Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Department of Marine GeosciencesUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL33149USA Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans foundation AnnapolisMD21403USA Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA

Coral reefs are in terminal *** conservation to be effective,naturally depauperate reefs must be distinguished from those recently degraded by *** reef monitoring is time consuming and lacks the longevity to make this *** in using foraminifera as bioindicators for reef health has hitherto levered their response to *** ocean heat waves are the dominant driver of coral bleaching and death,there is compelling motivation to develop new foraminiferal bioindicators that inform on temperature stress over meaningful *** study focuses on identifying which foraminifera respond systematically to the temperature stress that kills *** models were used to compare endosymbiont-bearing foraminiferal families,collected along a heat-stress gradient spanning the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia,to live coral cover at the same *** indicate that Amphisteginidae foraminifera and coral cover show a significant decline in abundance as heat stress increases along the transect ***,ocean productivity and salinity,both recognized environmental influences on foraminifera,are shown to be subordinate to temperature in their sway of this ecological *** findings indicate the potential for using foraminifera to develop new indices capable of quantifying long-term thermal impacts on reefs.

关键词： foraminifera bioindicator corals bleaching degree heating week foRAM Index

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N-acetylcysteine treats intravenous amiodarone induced liver injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第9期21卷 2816-2819页

作者： matthew L Mudalel Kartikeya P Dave James P Hummel Steven f Solga Department of Medicine Division of GastroenteorlogySt. Luke’s University Hospital and Temple School of MedicineBethlehemPA 18015United States Department of Medicine Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNY 10461United States Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27514United States

We report a case of intravenous(IV) amiodarone drug induced liver injury(DILI).The patient received IV N-acetylcysteine(NAC) which resulted in a rapid improvement in liver *** the specific mechanisms for the pathogenesis of IV amiodaroneDILI and the therapeutic action of IV NAC are both unknown, this case strongly implies at least some *** IV amiodarone is indicated for the treatment of serious cardiac arrhythmias in an intensive care unit setting, some degree of ischemic hepatitis is likely a cofactor in most cases.

关键词： N-acetylcysteine Amiodarone Drug induced liver inj

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Ubiquitin homeostasis disruption, a common cause of proteostasis collapse in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2218-2220页

作者： Christen G.chisholm Jeremy S.Lum Natalie E.farrawell Justin J.Yerbury Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute/Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience Science Medicine and Health FacultyUniversity of WollongongNorthfields AveWollongongNSWAustralia

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is associated with proteostasis collapse:ALS is an unrelenting neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord,resulting in the progressive atrophy,and eventual paralysis,of skeletal *** due to respiratory failure usually occurs within 2-5 years from symptom *** 90%of ALS cases are of unknown etiology and are termed sporadic ALS(sALS).The remaining 10%of ALS cases present with a family history(familial ALS;fALS)and are associated with genetic mutations in a range of over 20 functionally heterogeneous *** of disease origin,the pathological hallmark of ALS is the accumulation of ubiquitylated protein inclusions in motor neurons and surrounding glial *** presence of these inclusions,compromised largely of misfolded and aggregated proteins,implies a collapse in *** refers to the maintenance of the proteome in a state of balance or equilibrium so that a cell can perform its proper function.

关键词： stasis homeostasis collapse

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