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Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease:What is the real magnitude of the risk?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第29期18卷 3839-3848页

作者： Jessica K Dyson matthew D Rutter Gastroenterology North Tyneside General HospitalRake LaneNorth ShieldsTyne and Wear NE29 8NHUnited Kingdom University Hospital of North Tees Hardwick RoadStockton TS19 8PEUnited Kingdom

The association between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and colorectal cancer(CRC) has been recognised since 1925 and still accounts for 10%-15% of deaths in ***-associated CRC(IBD-CRC) affects patients at a younger age than sporadic *** prognosis for sporadic CRC and IBD-CRC is similar,with a 5-year survival of approximately 50%.Identifying at risk patients and implementing appropriate surveillance for these patients is central to managing the CRC risk in *** increased risk of colorectal cancer in association with IBD is thought to be due to genetic and acquired *** link between inflammation and cancer is well recognised but the molecular biology,immune pathobiology and genetics of IBD-CRC are areas of much ongoing *** review examines the literature relating to IBD-CRC,focusing on the incidence of IBD-CRC and examining potential risk factors including age at diagnosis,gender,duration and extent of colitis,severity of inflammation,family history of sporadic CRC and co-existent primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).Confirmed risk factors for IBD-CRC are duration,severity and extent of colitis,the presence of co-existent PSC and a family history of *** is insufficient evidence currently to support an increased frequency of surveillance for patients diagnosed with IBD at a younger ***-based guidelines advise surveillance colonoscopy for patients with colitis 8 to 10 years after diagnosis,with the interval for further surveillance guided by risk factors(extent of disease,family history of CRC,post-inflammatory polyps,concomitant PSC,personal history of colonic dysplasia,colonic strictures).There is a move away from using random colonic biopsies towards targeted biopsies aimed at abnormal areas identified by newer colonoscopic techniques(narrow band imaging,chromoendoscopy,confocal microendoscopy).

关键词： Colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Risk

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Domestication and crop evolution of wheat andbarley: Genes, genomics, and future directions

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第3期61卷 204-225页

作者： matthew Haas Mona Schreiber Martin Mascher Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben Palaeogenetics Group Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig

Wheat and barley are two of the founder crops of the agricultural revolution that took place 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent and both crops remain among the world's most important crops. Domestication of these crops from their wild ancestors required the evolution of traits useful to humans, rather than survival in their natural environment. Of these traits, grain retention and threshability, yield improvement, changes to photoperiod sensitivity and nutritional value are most pronounced between wild and domesticated forms. Knowledge about the geographical origins of these crops and the genes responsible for domestication traits largely pre-dates the era of nextgeneration sequencing, although sequencing will lead to new insights. Molecular markers were initially used to calculate distance(relatedness), genetic diversity and to generate genetic maps which were useful in cloning major domestication genes. Both crops are characterized by large,complex genomes which were long thought to be beyond the scope of whole-genome sequencing. However, advances in sequencing technologies have improved the state of genomic resources for both wheat and barley. The availability of reference genomes for wheat and some of its progenitors,as well as for barley, sets the stage for answering unresolved questions in domestication genomics of wheat and barley.

关键词： Domestication Wheat barley

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Studying the ＂fly factor＂ phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms in house flies Musca domestica

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 137-147页

作者： matthew V. Holl Gerhard Gries Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Bumaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada

The ＂fly factor＂ was first discovered 〉60 years ago and describes the phe- nomenon that food currently or previously fed on by flies attracts more foraging flies than the same type and amount of food kept inaccessible to flies. Since then, there has been little progress made to understanding this phenomenon. Our objectives were （i） to demonstrate the existence of the fly factor in house flies, Musca domestica and （ii） to study underlying mechanisms that may cause or contribute to the fly factor. In 2-choice laboratory bioassays, we obtained unambiguous evidence for a fly factor phenomenon in house flies, in that we demonstrated that feeding flies are more attractive to foraging flies than are nonfeeding flies, and that fed-on food is more attractive to foraging flies than is ＂clean＂ food. Of the potential mechanisms （fly excreta, metabolic output parameters [elevated temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide]）, causing the fly factor, fly feces, and regurgitate do at- tract foraging flies but none of the metabolic output parameters of feeding flies does. Even though feeding flies produce significantly more CO2 than nonfeeding flies, elevated levels of CO2 have no behavior-modifying effect on flies. Preferential attraction of house flies to fly feces and regurgitate indicates that the flies sense airborne semiochemicals emana- ting from these sources. Hypothesizing that these semiochemicals are microbe-produced, future studies will aim at isolating and mass producing these microbes to accumulate semiochemicals for identification.

关键词： fly factor foraging metabolic output microbes Musca domestica semio-chemical attractants

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The modern testicular prosthesis:patient selection and counseling,surgical technique,and outcomes

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第1期22卷 64-69页

作者： Solomon Hayon Jamie Michael R matthew Coward Department of Urology University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27500-7235USA University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel HillNC 27500-7235USA

The testicular prosthesis can be an afterthought for providers when performing an orchiectomy for testicular cancer,torsion,atrophic testis,or ***,data suggest that patients find the offer of a testicular prosthesis and counseling regarding placement to be extremely important from both a pragmatic and a psychosocial *** two-thirds of men undergoing orchiectomy are offered an implant at the time of orchiectomy and of those offered about one-third move forward with prosthesis *** relatively low acceptance rate is in stark contrast with high patient satisfaction and low complication rates for those who undergo the *** most common postoperative patient concerns are minor and involve implant positioning,size,and ***,we provide an up-to-date review of modern preoperative evaluation,patient selection,expectation management,surgical technique,and expected outcomes for testicular prostheses.

关键词： anorchia orchiectomy patient satisfaction prostheses and implants testicular neoplasms testis

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Multilayer network analysis:new opportunities and challenges for studying animal social systems

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 45-48页

作者： matthew J.HASENJAGER matthew SILk David N.FISHER Department of Biological Sciences Royal HollowayUniversity of LondonEghamUK Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of ExeterExeterUK School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK

Introduction Many behavioral,ecological,and evolutionary processes are closely intertwined with patterns of social interactions,such as the evolution of cooperation(Croft et al.2006),information and disease transmission(VanderWaal et al.2014;Aplin et al.2015),predator-prey dynamics(Ioannou et al.2012),and dispersal decisions(Blumstein et al.2009).Even in species where individuals are traditionally viewed as leading a relatively solitary existence,interac-tions occur across diverse contexts,including territorial defense,resource competition,and courtship.

关键词： solitary predator network

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Mass Transport in Nanowire Synthesis:An Overview of Scalable Nanomanufacturing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第6期31卷 523-532页

作者： matthew J.Crane Peter J.Pauzauskie Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195-1750.USA Department of Materials Science & Engineering Seattle.WA 98195-2120USA Fundamental Computational Science Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland.WAUSA

The ability to rationally engineer the growth and nanomanufacturing of one-dimensional nanowires in high volumes has the potential to enable applications of nanoscale materials in a diverse range of fields including energy conversion and storage,catalysis,sensing,medicine,and information *** review provides a roadmap for the development of large-scale nanowire *** myriad techniques exist for bench-scale nanowire synthesis,these growth strategies typically fall within two major categories:1) anisotropically-catalyzed growth and 2) confined,template-based ***,comparisons between growth methods with different mass transport pathways have led to confusion in interpreting observations,in particular Gibbs-Thomson *** review mass transport in nanowire synthesis techniques to unify growth models and to allow for direct comparison of observations across different *** addition,we discuss the applicability of nanoscale,Gibbs-Thomson effects on mass transport and provide guidelines for the development of new growth *** explore the scalability of these complex processes with dimensionless numbers and consider the effects of pressure,temperature,and precursor material on nanowire growth.

关键词： Nanowire Mass transport Modeling Scalable growth

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Influence of temperature on twinning dominated pop-ins during nanoindentation of a magnesium single crystal

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第1期10卷 183-194页

作者： Jun Cheng Tingting Guo matthew R.Barnett School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoria 3216Australia School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Technological UniversityXi'an cityShaanxi 710021.China

The present paper examines the temperature sensitivity of tensile twinning in a magnesium single crystal during nanoindentation of the prismatic plane. High temperature indentations from 25 ℃ to 250 ℃ were employed on a well polished magnesium single crystal {10-10}plane. For a indentation curve displaying a pop-in, a single twin was seen on the sample surface using Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM)imaging. For indentations that produced no pop-in, no twinning was observed. We thus conclude the pop-in arises from a twinning event in the present case. With increasing temperature, the mean pop-in load(measured from 200 repeat indentations of each testing temperature)drops markedly. This is interpreted by the thermal activation of nucleation of lattice dislocations, which immediately trigger a twinning *** activation analysis yields activation energies that are consistent with this idea. With increasing temperature the pop-ins became deeper and the twins, after further indentation, showed more growth. It is likely that non-basal slip is activated in the stress concentrations that arise during twinning and the thermal activation of this slip accounts for the observed temperature effects. It is concluded that in interpreting the temperature sensitivity of twinning stresses, any associated lattice dislocation activity must be considered.

关键词： Magnesium single crystal Twinning Temperature Nanoindentation

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Assessing mixing characteristics of particle-mixing and granulation devices

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 419-444页

作者： Paul W. Cleary matthew D. Sinnott CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences

The mixing of particulates such as powders is an important process in many industries including pharmaceuticals, plastics, household products （such as detergents） and food processing. The quality of products depends on the degree of mixing of their constituent materials which in turn depends on both geometric design and operating conditions. Unfortunately, due to lack of understanding of the interaction between mixer geometry and the granular material, limited progress has been made in optimizing mixer design. The discrete element method （DEM） is a computational technique that allows particle systems to be simulated and mixing to be predicted. Simulation is an effective way of acquiring information on the performance of different mixers that is difficult and/or expensive to obtain using traditional experimental approaches. Here we demonstrate how DEM can be used to unravel flow dynamics and assess mixing in several different types of devices. These devices used for mixing and/or granulation of particulates, are classified broadly as gravity controlled, bladed and high shear. We also explore the role of particle shape in mixing performance and use DEM to test whether Froude number scaling is suitable for predicting scale performance of rotating mixers.

关键词： Discrete element modelling Mixing Mixers Blenders Granulation Scale up Particle shape

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Comparative insights into mitochondrial adaptations to anoxia in brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第5期11卷 723-724页

作者： matthew E.Pamenter Department of Biology University of Ottawa

Numerous diseases and pathologies impair the delivery of oxygen to brain, with rapid and deleterious consequences. For example, diseases related to systemic hypoxemia （e.g., chronic pulmonary disorders, cystic fibrosis）, decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood （e.g., anemia）, or decreased transport （e.g., heart attack, stroke） can all reduce or entirely prevent the delivery of oxygen to brain cells, resulting in the initiation of programmed cell death pathways, necrosis, or excitotoxic cell death in brain （Pamenter, 2014）. However, oxygen-limited environments are common on earth and many organisms naturally experience periods of intermit- tent or prolonged hypoxia or anoxia in their daily and/or annual life cycles （Bickler and Buck, 2007）.

关键词： Comparative insights into mitochondrial adaptations to anoxia in brain

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Modeling and optimization of Terminalia catappa *** oil extraction using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： Chinedu matthew Agu matthew Chukwudi Menkiti Ekwe Bassey Ekwe Albert Chibuzor Agulanna Chemical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Mechanical Engineering Department Gregory UniversityUturuNigeria Materials and Energy Technology Department Projects Development Institute(PRODA)Emene Industrial AreaEnuguNigeria

In this study,response surface methodology(RSM)and artificial neural network(ANN)were used to optimize Terminalia catappa *** oil(TCKO)*** extraction method was used for the oil extraction,with n-hexane as the extracting *** highest oil yield was obtained at 55℃,150 min,and 0.5 *** physicochemical properties of the TCKO were determined using standard *** chromatographic(GC)analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)were respectively,used to determine the fatty acid composition and prevalent functional groups in *** optimum conditions of temperature,particle size and extraction time,the RSM predicted oil yield was 62.92%,which was validated as 60.34%,whereas ANN predicted yield was 60.39%,which was validated as 60.40%.The results of the physicochemical characterization of TCKO showed that the dielectric strength(DS),viscosity,flash and pour points values were 30.61 KV,20.29 mm^2 s^−1,260°C,and 3℃,*** characterization and FTIR results of TCKOindicated its potential industrial application,especially as transformer *** acids compositions result indicated that the oil was highly unsaturated;while XRD results of Terminalia catappa ***(TCK)samples obtained,both before and after extraction,showed difference in their peaks and corresponding intensities,due to the damage effect of ***,the obtained optimization results indicated that ANN was a better and more effective tool than RSM,due to its higher R^2 and lower RMS values.

关键词： Response surface methodology Artificial neural network Optimization Terminalia catappa L.kernel

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