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Stony Brook’s High-Pressure Laboratory Collaborations with French Scientists

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第3期12卷 195-212页

作者： Robert cooper Liebermann Mineral Physics Institute and Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA

For more than a half century, my colleagues and I in the Stony Brook High Pressure Laboratory have profited from collaborations with French scientists in their laboratories in Orsay, Paris, Toulouse, Lille, Lyon, Strasbourg and Rennes. These interactions have included postdoctoral appointments of French colleagues in our laboratory as well as two année sabbatique by me;in 1983-84, in the Laboratoire de Géophysique et Géodynamique Interne at the Université Paris XI in Orsay and in 2020-2003 in the Laboratoire des Méchanismes et Transfert en Géologie at the Université Paul Sabatier in Toulouse. The objective of this report is to relate this history and to illustrate the scientific advances which resulted from these collaborations.

关键词： Mineral Physics High Pressure High Temperature Multi-Anvil Apparatus Atomic Diffusion Mineral Deformation U.S.-France Collaboration Activation Volume for Creep Ultrasonic Interferometry Synchrotron X-Radiation

My Research Connections with English Scientists over the Past Six Decades

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第3期13卷 259-267页

作者： Robert cooper Liebermann Mineral Physics Institute and Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA

Over the past six decades, I have maintained research connections with English scientists while pursuing an academic career focusing on scientific discoveries of the physical properties of minerals at high pressures and temperatures. During this period, I have also visited many research laboratories in England, including University of Cambridge, University College London, University of Oxford and the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment [AWRE] in Aldermaston, England. The objective of this paper is to relate this history.

关键词： Mineral Physics High Pressure High Temperature Synchrotron X-Radiation Facilities

Effects of historically familiar and novel predator odors on the physiology of an introduced prey

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 53-59页

作者： Valentina S. A. MELLA Christine E. cooper Stephen J. J. F. DAVIES Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Perth WA 6845 Australia

Predator odors can elicit fear responses in prey and predator odor recognition is generally associated with physiological responses. Prey species are often more likely to respond to the odor of familiar ra- ther than alien predators. However, predator na＇ivety in an introduced prey species has rarely been investigated. We examined the physiological response, as shown by changes in ventilatory vari- ables, of an introduced terrestrial herbivore, the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, in Australia, to the odor of potential predators and to control odors （distilled water and horse）, to explore if res- ponses were limited to historical （cat and fox） predators, or extended to historically novel predators （snake and quoll）. All odors except distilled water elicited a response, with rabbits showing long- term higher respiratory frequencies and lower tidal volumes after introduction of the odors, indi- cating an increase in alertness. However, the intensity of the rabbits＇ reaction could not be directly linked to any pattern of response with respect to the history of predator-prey relationships. Rabbits exhibited significantly stronger reactions in response to both cat and quoll odors than they did to dis- tilled water, but responses to horse, fox, and snake odor were similar to that of water. Our results show that the introduced rabbit can respond to both historical and novel predators in Australia, and suggest that shared evolutionary history is not necessarily a prerequisite to predator odor recognition.

关键词： physiology ventilation predator odor rabbit introduced prey predator naivety.

My Research Connections with Russian Scientists over the Past Half Century

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第3期13卷 155-173页

作者： Robert cooper Liebermann Mineral Physics Institute and Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA

Over the past half century, I have maintained research connections with Russian scientists during investigations in seismology and mineral physics. These studies have focused on detection and discrimination of underground nuclear explosions and measurements of the physical properties of minerals at high pressures and temperatures. During this period, I have also visited many research laboratories in Russia, including Moscow, Chernogolovka, Novosibirsk and St. Petersburg. The objective of this paper is to relate this history.

关键词： Mineral Physics High Pressure High Temperature Seismology Underground Nuclear Explosions

Reminiscences of Days as an Undergraduate at Caltech in the 1960s: Geology, Student Body Politics and Intercollegiate Football

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第8期12卷 653-666页

作者： Robert cooper Liebermann Mineral Physics Institute and Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA

From 1960 to 1964, I was an undergraduate student at the California Institute of Technology [Caltech] in Pasadena, California. During these years, I spent much of my time indulging in student body politics and playing intercollegiate football. However, with the encouragement of a number of faculty in the Division of Geological Sciences [not yet GPS], I saw the light and became a geology major [strictly speaking, geophysics]. This paper is an expansion of a talk I presented at the 90th Anniversary of the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences in 2017.

关键词： Undergraduate Geology Student Body Politics Intercollegiate Football

Stony Brook’s Collaborations with Czech Scientists

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第5期12卷 487-498页

作者： Robert cooper Liebermann Mineral Physics Institute and Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University NY USA

For the past half-century, I have been fortunate in maintaining collaborations with Czech scientists in the Czech Republic [formerly Czechoslovakia] from the Geofyzikální ústav-GFU [Institute of Geophysics] of the ?eskoslovenská Akademie Věd-?SAV [Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences]. These collaborations have included exchange visits by me to Prague [Praha] and convening international workshops in 1976, 1986 and 1996 in castles used by the ?SAV as well as visits by Czech colleagues to Stony Brook University. The objective of this report is to relate this history. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Vladislav Babu?ka.

关键词： Mineral Physics High Pressure High Temperature Anisotropy and Lateral Heterogeneity of the Earth’s Mantle

Innovative approaches to genome editing in avian species

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 278-284页

作者： Caitlin A.cooper Timothy J.Doran Arjun Challagulla Mark L.V.Tizard Kristie A.Jenkins CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Australian Animal Health Laboratory

The tools available for genome engineering have significantly improved over the last 5 years, allowing scientist to make precise edits to the genome. Along with the development of these new genome editing tools has come advancements in technologies used to deliver them. In mammals genome engineering tools are typically delivered into in vitro fertilized single cell embryos which are subsequently cultured and then implanted into a recipient *** avian species this is not possible, so other methods have been developed for genome engineering in birds. The most common involves in vitro culturing of primordial germ cells(PGCs), which are cells that migrate through the embryonic circulatory system to the developing gonad and colonize the gonad, eventually differentiating into the gonadocytes which produce either sperm or ova. While in culture the PGCs can be modified to carry novel transgenes or gene edits, the population can be screened and enriched, and then transferred into a recipient embryo. The largest drawback of PGC culture is that culture methods do not transfer well across avian species, thus there are reliable culture methods for only a few species including the chicken. Two newer technologies that appear to be more easily adapted in a wider range of avian species are direct injection and sperm transfection assisted gene editing(STAGE).The direct injection method involves injecting genome engineering tools into the circulatory system of the developing embryo just prior to the developmental time point when the PGCs are migrating to the gonads. The genome engineering tools are complexed with transfection reagents, allowing for in vivo transfection of the PGCs. STAGE utilizes sperm transfection to deliver genome engineering tools directly to the newly fertilized embryo. Preliminary evidence indicates that both methodologies have the potential to be adapted for use in birds species other than the chicken, however further work is needed in this area.

关键词： Avian CRISPR Genome engineering PGCs Sperm TALEN

A comparison of three methods of decellularization of pig corneas to reduce immunogenicity

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第4期7卷 587-593页

作者： Whayoung Lee Yuko Miyagawa Cassandra Long David K.C.cooper Hidetaka Hara Department of Surgery Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh

·AIM: To investigate whether decellularization using different techniques can reduce immunogenicity of the cornea, and to explore the decellularized cornea as a scaffold for cultured corneal endothelial cells(CECs).Transplantation of decellularized porcine corneas increases graft transparency and survival for longer periods compared with fresh grafts.·METHODS: Six-month-old wild-type pig corneas were cut into 100-200 μm thickness, and then decellularized by three different methods: 1) 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS); 2) hypoxic nitrogen(N2); and 3) hypertonic NaCl. Thickness and transparency were assessed visually. Fresh and decellularized corneas were stained with hematoxylin/eosin(H&E), and for the presence of galactose-α1,3-galactose(Gal) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid(NeuGc, a nonGal antigen). Also, a human IgM/IgG binding assay was performed. Cultured porcine CECs were seeded on the surface of the decellularized cornea and examined after H&E staining.· RESULTS: All three methods of decellularization reduced the number of keratocytes in the stromal tissue by >80% while the collagen structure remained preserved. No remaining nuclei stained positive for Gal or NeuGc, and expression of these oligosaccharides on collagen was also greatly decreased compared to expression on fresh corneas. Human IgM/IgG binding to decellularized corneal tissue was considerably reduced compared to fresh corneal tissue. The cultured CECs formed a confluent monolayer on the surface of decellularized tissue.· CONCLUSION: Though incomplete, the significant reduction in the cellular component of the decellularized cornea should be associated with a significantly reduced in vivo immune response compared to fresh corneas.

关键词： cornea decellularization immuneresponse pig xenotransplantation

A laboratory investigation of bed-load transport of gravel sediments under dam break flow

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第2期36卷 229-234页

作者： Khabat Khosravi Amir Hooshang Nezamivand Chegini James cooper Luca Mao Mahmood Habibnejad Kaka Shahedi Andrew Binns Department of Civil Engineering University of Guilan Department of Watershed Management Engineering Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University School of the Built Environment Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh Campus Department of Geography and Planning School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool School of Geography University of Lincoln School of Engineering University of Guelph

Dam break flows and resulting river bed erosion can have disastrous impacts on human safety, infrastructure, and environmental quality. However, there is a lack of research on the mobility of non-uniform sediment mixtures resulting from dam break flows and how these differ from uniform sized sediment. In this paper, laboratory flume experiments revealed that coarse and fine fractions in non-uniform sediment had a higher and a lower bed-load parameter, respectively, than uniform sediments of the same size. Thus, the finer fractions were more stable and the coarser fractions were more erodible in a nonuniform bed compared to a uniform-grained bed. These differences can be explained by the hiding and protrusion of these fractions, respectively. By investigating changes in mobility of the mixed-size fractions with reservoir water levels, the results revealed that at low water levels, when the coarser fractions were only just mobile, the bed-load parameter of the finer fractions was higher than the coarser fractions. The opposite was observed at a higher water level, when a significant proportion of the coarsest fractions was mobilized. The higher protrusion of these grains had an important effect on their mobility relative to the finer grains. The transported sediment on these mixed-sized beds was coarser than the initial bed sediment, and became coarser with an increase in reservoir water level.

关键词： Dam break Bed-load transport Gravel Laboratory flume