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Sublimated Colonialism： The Persistence of Actually Existing Settler-Colonialism

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j.urnal of Philosophy Study 2013年第3期3卷 193-202页

作者： j. Moufawad-paul York University

In my paper, “Sublimated Colonialism： The Persistence of Actually Existing Settler-Colonialism,” I interrogate the remaining settler-colonialisms that refused to disappear during the epoch of decolonization. I am most concerned with those settler-colonialisms that persist at the centers of world capitalism, and examine bow this social context often produces an ideology that relegates the concrete reality of settler-colonialism to the past, pushing its existence under supposedly “modem” social relations. Since Frantz Fanon＇s analysis of settler-colonialism, and the class contradiction between colonizer and colonized, was developed in an era where settler-colonialism was partially defined by the relationship between motherland and colony, some often imagine that the era of settler-colonialism is over. Clearly settler-colonialism did not vanish along with this distinction; internal colonies are retained in North America, for example, and the state of Israel is perhaps the most recent historical of this type of colonialism since it was settled and established in the 20th century. Moreover, there is often talk of a “world-wide indigenous movement” which claims to represent a global anti-colonialist front. The point of my paper, therefore, is to examine how settler-colonialism functions and persists when the settler-colony has become synonymous with the motherland. In this social context, colonizers often imagine themselves as the native inhabitants, while those who remain colonized are pushed even further out of history than they were during the previous era of settler-colonialism.

关键词： Marxism colonialism anti-colonialism post-colonialism imperialism capitalism

Rapid Determination of Ranitidine in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Clinical Pharmacokinetic Study

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2010年第6期26卷 910-914页

作者： ZHANG Chao WANG Lu GUAN Xin j. paul Fawcett ZHAO Li-mei SUN Yan-tong GU j.ng-kai Research Center for Drug Metabolism College of Life Science Jilin University Changchun 130021 P R. China Liaoning Province Academy of Analytic Science Shenyang 110015 P. R. China School of Pharmacy University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand Second Clinical Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese Medical University Shenyang 110004 P. R. China

A rapid and sensitive assay based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） was developed for the determination of ranitidine（RAN） in human plasma with codeine as internal standard（IS）.After protein precipitation with acetonitrile,the analyte and IS were separated on a Zorbax SB-Aq C18 column（150 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm） eluted with a mobile phase consisting of methanol/acetonitrile/10 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 1% formic acid（pH=2.4）（volume ratio 12.5：12.5：75） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/*** was performed by electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode followed by the multiple reaction monito-ring（MRM） of the transitions of RAN at m/z 315.1→176.3 and of IS at m/z 300.1→*** method was linear over a concentration range of 1―1000 ng/mL（r=0.9991） with a lower limit of quantitation（LLOQ） of 1 ng/mL and a limit of detection（LOD） of 0.3 ng/*** as relative error was from-0.01% to-1.7% and intra-day and inter-day precisions as relative standard deviation were ≤8.9% and ≤5.5%,*** method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ranitidine,getting a single oral dose（160 mg） to healthy volunteers.

关键词： Ranitidine Pharmacokinetics Human plasma Protein precipitation LC-MS/MS

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Involvement of eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer: the roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10729-10739页

作者： Lawrence M Knab paul j.Grippo David j.Bentrem Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University j.sse Brown VA Medical Center

The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between inflammatory changes in the pancreas and neoplastic progression. Diets high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide increased substrate for arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to form eicosanoids. These eicosanoids directly contribute to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are upregulated in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated upregulation of COX-2 and 5-LOX at both the mRNA and protein levels. When COX-2 and 5-LOX are blocked via a variety of mechanisms, cancer cell proliferation is abrogated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of COX-2 has been shown to include effects on apoptosis as well as angiogenesis. 5-LOX has been implicated in apoptosis. The use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in clinical studies in patients with pancreatic cancer has been limited. Patient enrollment has been restricted to those with advanced disease which makes evaluation of these drugs as chemopreventive agents difficult. COX-2 and 5-LOX expression have been shown to be present during the early neoplastic changes of pancreatic cancer, well before progression to invasive disease. This indicates that the ideal role for these interventions is early in the disease process as preventive agents, perhaps in patients with chronic pancreatitis or hereditary pancreatitis.

关键词： Arachidonic acid Eicosanoid Cyclooxygenase-2 5-lipoxygenase Pancreatic cancer Inflammation

Influences of Biochar and Biochar-Mineral Complex on Mycorrhizal Colonisation and Nutrition of Wheat and Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 686-695页

作者： paul BLACKWELL Stephen j.SEPH paul MUNROE Hossain M.ANAWAR paul STORER Robert j.GILKES Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle University of Wollongong School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Australian Mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia

The high price of synthetic fertilisers and the price barrier for biochar as a soil amendment have encouraged the exploration of using biochar in fertiliser replacement formulations. Biochars coupled with fertilisers can be applied at lower application rates to achieve benefits in plant growth and nutrition, as well as soil biological fertility. It is necessary to evaluate the use of biochar as a fertiliser substitute. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative influences of biochars, including Acacia saligna （AS）, Simcoa j.rrah （S j. and Wundowie j.rrah （W j., mineral fertiliser with microbes （MF ＋ M）, biochar-mineral complex （BMC） and their combination on mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat in a glasshouse experiment and sorghum in field conditions. BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment produced higher mycorrhizal colonisation than MF ＋ M alone, indicating that BMC had a significant role in increasing mycorrhizal colonisation. Sj.（treated with acetic acid） and MF ＋ M treatments, as well as AS ＋ MF ＋ M application, showed similar effects on mycorrhizal colonisation, but lower colonisation than the BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment. Ovcrall~ the BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment supported the maximum shoot, root and total plant dry weight followed by AS ＋ MF ＋ M and Wj.＋ MF ＋ M. The MF ＋ M treatment had the maximum shoot N and K concentrations, while BMC ＋ MF ＋ M application had the maximum shoot P concentration. AS ＋ MF -4- M and Wj.＋ MF ＋ M treatments supported the maximum N uptake by wheat shoots, while BMC ＋ MF ＋ M supported the maximum P uptake. The results showed that biochars and BMCs could increase mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth and nutrient uptake of wheat, particularly N, P, K, S and Zn. The field experiment confirmed that BMC application at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 could increase the yield of irrigated sorghum on a loam soil and provide better applied P use efficiency compared to a water-soluble fertiliser alone. These results indicated that biochar-based fer

关键词： carbon sequestration nutrient uptake P use efficiency soil biological fertility wheat production

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Species Concepts as Applied to the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Systematics:How Many Species Are There?

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j.urnal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 176-186页

作者： LIU Shu-sheng j.hn Colvin paul j.De Barro Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture~Institute of lnsect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent ME4 4TB United Kingdom CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia

The worldwide distribution and extensive genetic diversity of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,has long been ***,the levels of separation within *** and the nomenclature of the various genetic groups have been a subj.ct of *** phylogenetic analyses indicate that *** is a complex composed of 28 morphologically indistinguishable *** this article,we first review the debate and difficulties associated with ***＇s taxonomy and systematics,and argue for the need to apply the biological species concept in order to elucidate ***＇s *** summarize the accumulated genetic and behavioural data on reproductive incompatibilities evident amongst phylogenetic mtCOI groups of *** studies have been conducted with 14 of the 28 putative species covering 54 reciprocal inter-species pairs,and observations on mating behaviour have been conducted for seven species *** from both crossing trials and behavioural observations indicate a consistent pattern of reproductive isolation among the putative *** then discuss the technical and conceptual complexities associated with crossing experiments and behavioural observations designed to reveal reproductive ***,we elaborate on a strategy for further clarifying the pattern of reproductive isolation between *** groups and propose future research directions on the systematics of this complex.

关键词： whitefly systematics biological species cryptic species phylogenetic species reproductive isolation mating behavior taxonomy

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Exogenous Urocortin 1 Alters the Respiratory Exchange Ratio after Administration into the Lateral Septum

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j.urnal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第2期4卷 99-104页

作者： Anna I. Fimmel Lindsey M. Dono matthew N. Yee paul j. Currie Department of Psychology Reed College Portland USA

Previous reports have suggested that hypothalamic urocortin 1 (Ucn1) exerts inhibitory control on energy metabolism as direct paraventricular nucleus inj.ctions dose-dependently decrease the respiratory energy exchange ratio (RER). Other evidence indicates that Ucn1 inj.ctions into the lateral septum may alter metabolic function. Consequently, the present study was designed to further characterize the effects of lateral septal Ucn1 signaling on eating and energy metabolism of adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Ucn1 was infused at the onset of the nocturnal cycle at doses of 10 - 100 pmol. In both females and males the peptide elicited a reliable suppression of food intake and significantly lowered RER over a 4 h postinj.ction period. The decrease in RER is consistent with enhanced lipid oxidation. Overall these findings suggest that, similar to the paraventricular nucleus, the lateral septum is a critical site of action in mediating the effects of Ucn1 on food intake and energy substrate utilization.

关键词： Energy Substrate Oxidation Food Intake Lateral Septum Respiratory Quotient Urocortin

Globalization and Chinese Education in the Early 20th Century

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Frontiers of Education in China 2013年第3期8卷 398-419页

作者： paul j.BAILEY Department of History University of DurhamDurham DH13EXUK

With China’s growing significance in the global economy ever more evident,studies in recent years have highlighted multiple aspects of China’s“Globalization”(or global connections)that predate the contemporary *** article focuses on educational reform in the late Qing and early Republic as a way of illuminating a significant aspect of China’s Globalization during this *** particular,the article highlights the role of an emerging Chinese educational“lobby”that was involved in administration,teaching,and textbook compilation;furthermore,this lobby pioneered the introduction of new ideas,concepts,and innovative practice from abroad in the specialized j.urnals on education-the first of their kind in China-which they edited and contributed *** significantly,contributors to these j.urnals engaged with and discussed educational issues and problems that were simultaneously being debated in the *** the process Chinese educators and officials were able to draw upon,either to valorize or critique,a wide spectrum of contemporary foreign educational debate and practice in their prognosis of domestic education and its *** picture that emerges of Chinese education during this period is one in which Chinese educators perceived themselves very much as active participants in a global educational community.

关键词： Globalization nation-building educational reform Chinese educational lobby educational press

Multiplexed laser particles for spatially resolved single-cell analysis

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 526-530页

作者： Sheldon j.j.Kwok Nicola Martino paul H.Dannenberg Seok-Hyun Yun Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital50 Blossom StreetBostonMA 02114USA Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA 02139USA LASE Innovation Inc. 650 E.Kendall Street2nd FLCambridgeMA 02142USA

Biomolecular analysis at the single-cell level is increasingly important in the study of cellular heterogeneity and its consequences,particularly in organismic development and complex diseases such as ***-cell molecular analyses have led to the identification of new cell types1 and the discovery of novel targets for diagnosis and *** these analyses are performed predominantly on dissociated single cells,emerging techniques seek understanding of cellular state,cellular function and cell–cell interactions within the native tissue environment by combining optical microscopy and single-cell molecular *** techniques include in situ multiplexed imaging of fluorescently labeled proteins and nucleotides,as well as low-throughput ex vivo methods in which specific cells are isolated for downstream molecular ***,these methods are limited in either the number and type of molecular species they can identify or the number of cells that can be ***-throughput methods are needed for comprehensive profiling of many cells(>1000)to detect rare cell types,discriminate relevant biomarkers from intrinsic population noise,and reduce the time and cost of *** established,highthroughput single-cell analyses are not directly applicable because they require tissue dissociation,leading to a loss of spatial *** current methods exist that can seamlessly connect spatial mapping to single-cell *** this Perspective,we review current methods for spatially resolved single-cell analysis and discuss the prospect of novel multiplexed imaging probes,called laser particles,which allow individual cells to be tagged in tissue and analyzed subsequently using high-throughput,comprehensive single-cell techniques.

关键词： diagnosis spatially resolved

Escherichia coli-host macrophage interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8751-8763页

作者： Ahmed Tawfik paul K Flanagan Barry j.Campbell Department of Gastroenterology Institute of Translational Medicine University of Liverpool

Multiple studies have demonstrated alterations in the intestinal microbial community (termed the microbiome) in Crohn’s disease (CD) and several lines of evidence suggest these changes may have a significant role in disease pathogenesis. In active and quiescent disease, both the faecal and mucosa-associated microbiome are discordant with matched controls with reduced biodiversity, changes in dominant organisms and increased temporal variation described. Mucosa-associated adherent, invasive Escherichia coli (E. coli) (AIEC), pro-inflammatory and resistant to killing by mucosal macrophages, appear to be particularly important. AIEC possess several virulence factors which may confer pathogenic potential in CD. Type-1 pili (FimH) allow adherence to intestinal cells via cell-surface carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules and possession of long polar fimbrae promotes translocation across the intestinal mucosa via microfold (M)-cells of the follicle-associated epithelium. Resistance to stress genes (htrA, dsbA and hfq) and tolerance of an acidic pH may contribute to survival within the phagolysosomal environment. Here we review the current understanding of the role of mucosa-associated E. coli in Crohn’s pathogenesis, the role of the innate immune system, factors which may contribute to prolonged bacterial survival and therapeutic strategies to target intracellular E. coli.

关键词： Crohn's disease Inflammatory bowel disease Escherichia coli Intra-macrophage survival and replication Phagolysosome Autophagy