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The living world.2版 2nd ed.

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Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review

2000年

作者： George b. johnson

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第40期27卷 6794-6824页

作者： Paul T Kröner Megan ML Engels benjamin S Glicksberg Kipp W johnson Obaie Mzaik Jeanin E van Hooft Michael b Wallace Hashem b El-Serag Chayakrit Krittanawong Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224United States Cancer Center Amsterdam Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMCLocation AMCAmsterdam 1105The Netherlands The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Leiden University Medical CenterAmsterdam 2300The Netherlands Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sheikh Shakhbout Medical CityAbu Dhabi 11001United Arab Emirates Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Michael E.DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Section of Health Services Research Michael E.DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Section of Cardiology Michael E.DeBakey VA Medical CenterHoustonTX 77030United States

The development of artificial intelligence(AI)has increased dramatically in the last 20 years,with clinical applications progressively being explored for most of the medical *** field of gastroenterology and hepatology,substantially reliant on vast amounts of imaging studies,is not an *** clinical applications of AI systems in this field include the identification of premalignant or malignant lesions(e.g.,identification of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in barrett’s esophagus,pancreatic malignancies),detection of lesions(e.g.,polyp identification and classification,small-bowel bleeding lesion on capsule endoscopy,pancreatic cystic lesions),development of objective scoring systems for risk stratification,predicting disease prognosis or treatment response[e.g.,determining survival in patients post-resection of hepatocellular carcinoma),determining which patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IbD)will benefit from biologic therapy],or evaluation of metrics such as bowel preparation score or quality of endoscopic *** objective of this comprehensive review is to analyze the available AI-related studies pertaining to the entirety of the gastrointestinal tract,including the upper,middle and lower tracts;IbD;the hepatobiliary system;and the pancreas,discussing the findings and clinical applications,as well as outlining the current limitations and future directions in this field.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Deep learning Clinical applications Gastroenterology

Observations of defect propagation in [100]-oriented opal-type photonic crystals

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Chinese Physics b 2008年第4期17卷 1298-1304页

作者：金崇君 Richard M.De La Rue Nigel P.johnson Department of Electronics & Electrical Engineering University of Glasgow School of Physics and Engineering Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSun Yat-Sen University

Charged colloidal suspensions have been used as experimental models for the study of crystal nucleation. Here we propose that the technique of template-assisted colloidal self-assembly can be used to visualize the effects of defect propagation in atomic crystal films produced using epitaxial growth. Templates with periodic line defects were used to grow [100]-oriented three-dimensional photonic crystals by means of the template-assisted colloidal self-assembly method, aided by capillary and gravitational forces. The defect propagation in the [100]-oriented photonic crystal was observed using scanning electron microscopy, both at the surface of the crystal and on cleaved facets. This method is useful in the understanding of defect propagation in the growth of colloidal films on templates - and the same approach may also prove useful for the understanding of atomic crystal growth on substrates with defects. Additionally, the deliberate incorporation of line defects may prove valuable as a way of introducing waveguide channels into three-dimensional photonic crystals.

关键词： photonic crystal colloidal crystal self-assembly

Draft Genome Sequence of Mentha Iongifolia and Development of Resources for Mint Cultivar Improvement

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Molecular Plant 2017年第2期10卷 323-339页

作者： Kelly J. Vining Sean R. johnson Amirhossein Ahkami Iris Lange Amber N. Parrish Susan C. Trapp Rodney b. Croteau Shannon C.K. Straub Iovanna Pandelova b. Markus Lange Department of Horticulture Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory Institute of Biological Chemistry Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-6340 USA Department of biology Hobart and William Smith Colleges Geneva NY 14456 USA Present address: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Richiand WA 99354 USA Present address: Medifluidics Inc. Fort Collins. CO 80525 USA

The genus Mentha encompasses mint species cultivated for their essential oils, which are formulated into a vast array of consumer products. Desirable oil characteristics and resistance to the fungal disease Verti- cillium wilt are top priorities for the mint industry. However, cultivated mints have complex polyploid ge- homes and are sterile. breeding efforts, therefore, require the development of genomic resources for fertile mint species. Here, we present draft de novo genome and plastome assemblies for a wilt-resistant South African accession of Mentha Iongifolia （L.） Huds., a diploid species ancestral to cultivated peppermint and spearmint. The 353 Mb genome contains 35 597 predicted protein-coding genes, including 292 disease resistance gene homologs, and nine genes determining essential oil characteristics. A genetic linkage map ordered 1397 genome scaffolds on 12 pseudochromosomes. More than two million simple sequence repeats were identified, which will facilitate molecular marker development. The M. Iongifolia genome is a valuable resource for both metabolic engineering and molecular breeding. This is exemplified by employing the genome sequence to clone and functionally characterize the promoters in a peppermint cultivar, and demonstrating the utility of a glandular trichome-specific promoter to increase expression of a biosynthetic gene, thereby modulating essential oil composition.

关键词： aromatic plant essential oil genome mint Verticillium wilt

Qualitative Study among African American Parents to Inform an Intervention to Promote Adoption of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Food and Physical Activity Recommendations

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 835-849页

作者： bernestine b. McGee Valerie Richardson Glenda S. johnson Crystal johnson Human Nutrition and Food Research Program Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge USA

This qualitative study was conducted to enable the research team to culturally tailor an intervention to increase adherence to Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) in African American parents and their children living in Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) communities. Focus group results guided the planning of an obesity prevention intervention utilizing the We Can! (Ways to Enhance Children’s Activity and Nutrition) obesity prevention program. Main outcome measure was perceptions of approaches to use in culturally tailoring a nutrition and physical activity intervention. Six focus group sessions were conducted with 86 African American adults to identify cultural concerns, intervention strategies in two Louisiana parishes in the LMD. Focus groups discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to identify recurring trends and patterns among focus groups. Major themes that emerged included cultural influences on food habits and physical activity, challenges of meeting the DGA and the CDC physical activity guidelines, facilitators and barriers to adhering to healthy food and physical activity guidelines and program development. Wider acceptance and use of the DGA recommendations are needed by LMD populations, leading to reduced prevalence of overweight and obesity and parallel reductions in the prevalence of chronic diseases. Interventions are needed that will enhance adherence to the DGA particularly for diverse subpopulations in the U.S. This study provides important insights for culturally tailoring an intervention to promote adoption of the DGA in two low-income African American Delta communities.

关键词： African American Parents Culture Dietary Guidelines Adoption Cultural Tailoring Qualitative Study Knowledge and Perceptions

Congestive heart failure and sepsis:a retrospective study of hospitalization outcomes from a rural hospital in Southwest Missouri

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第3期2卷 105-108页

作者： Alexandra Skovran Mason Hinke Shelly N.b.Sloan Greg Stahl Kerry johnson Scott Goade Robert Arnce Kansas City University–College of Medicine JoplinMOUSA Freeman Health System JoplinMOUSA Missouri Southern State University JoplinMOUSA

background:Sepsis is the leading cause of death in hospitalized patients and significant effort has been made to facilitate early diagnosis and ***,aggressive treatment can have negative effects,especially in patients with unstable volume status,such as those with congestive heart ***:We used electronic medical records to perform a retrospective study looking at hospital outcomes in patients from Southwest Missouri who were admitted with sepsis and had a comorbid diagnosis of hypertensive heart *** primary outcome was in-hospital ***:We studied a total of 184 patients with the diagnosis of hypertensive heart failure with sepsis,and 348 patients with the diagnosis of sepsis that served as the baseline *** was a total of 37(20%)deaths in the hypertensive heart failure group and a total of 94(27%)deaths in the baseline ***:Our study showed no significant difference between the baseline group and those with hypertensive heart disease with heart failure.

关键词： Congestive heart failure Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease Sepsis

Effects of Nitrogen on the Competitiveness of Echinochloa colona and Amaranthus viridis with Direct-seeded Rice

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2010年第2期4卷 14-19页

作者： b.S. Chauhan D.E. johnson Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research Institute Los Banos 4031 Philippines

Information on weed competitiveness responses to added nitrogen （N） is required to assist with the development of appropriate fertilizer management strategies where weed competition is anticipated. A greenhouse study was conducted to examine the effects of four N rates on the competitive ability ofEchinochloa colona and Amaranthus viridis grown together with direct-seeded rice. Rice and each weed species were grown in a replacement series design at added N rates of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha1. Replacement series diagrams for relative yield showed that competitive ability ofE. colona increased with added soil N. Values of weed aggressivity index for E. colona also significantly increased with the addition of N in the soil. In the absence of added N, A. viridis was more competitive than rice but this relationship slightly changed as N was added. However, values of weed aggressivity index of were statistically similar at all N rates. The results suggest that the competitiveness ofE. colona increased with added soil N, and A. viridis unchanged by soil N levels. both weed species were different in their response to higher N levels. Information gained in this study could be used to demonstrate the importance of effective weed and fertilizer management.

关键词： Amaranthus viridis direct-seeded rice Echinochloa colona nitrogen weed

Histamine_2-receptor antagonists: Rapid development of tachyphylaxis with repeat dosing

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2014年第2期5卷 57-62页

作者： johnson W McRorie James A Kirby Philip b Miner Quantitative Sciences Procter and GambleMasonOH 45040United States Corporate Pharmacy The Kroger CompanyCincinnatiOH 45246United States Oklahoma Foundation for Digestive Research Oklahoma CityOK 73104United StatesPresident

Histamine_2-receptor antagonists(H_2RAs) are availableover-the-counter (OTC) for the treatment and prevention of heartburn, but more than occasional, singledose use can lead to rapid development of tachyphylaxis. The aim of this review is to assess the publishedevidence regarding the development of tachyphylaxiswith repeat usage of H_2RAs. PubMed and SCOPUS were searched across all years to identify clinical studies thatexamined the development of tachyphylaxis with repeated dosing of H_2RAs. Although a single (first) doseof an H_2RA can be effective for controlling gastric acidand preventing or relieving food-related heartburn, numerous studies confirm that tachyphylaxis, also knownas tolerance, is consistently detected at the first timepoint assessed after the first dose, including the second day and/or second dose. Even if symptom relief isachieved with an H_2RA, it may be due to desensitizationof the esophagus to acid exposure, potentially providingsymptom relief without significantly decreasing esophageal acid exposure. When recommending OTC drugsfor treatment of frequent heartburn, clinicians shouldbe aware of the potential for rapid development oftachyphylaxis in patients who use H_2RAs for 2 or more consecutive days. Even if symptom relief is achieved, it may be due to desensitization of the esophagus to acid by the H_2RA, potentially providing symptom relief without significantly decreasing esophageal acid exposure. Other strategies, such as an OTC proton pump inhibitor, may be needed to optimize management of frequent heartburn.

关键词： Histamine2-receptor antagonist Tachyphylaxis Tolerance Gastric pH

Zircon geochronology reveals polyphase magmatism and crustal anatexis in the buchan block,NE Scotland:Implications for the Grampian Orogeny

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1469-1478页

作者： T.E.johnson C.L.Kirkland D.R.Viete S.Fischer S.M.Reddy N.J.Evans b.J.McDonald Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)CET-Curtin NodeJohn de Laeter CentreCurtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia Morton K.blaustein Department of Earth&Planetary Sciences Johns Hopkins UniversityOlin Hall3400 N Charles StreetBaltimoreMD 21218USA School of Earth&Environmental Science University of St AndrewsIrvine BuildingNorth StreetSt AndrewsKY16 9ALScotlandUK

The type locality for high-temperature,low-pressure regional metamorphism,the buchan block in NE Scotland,exhibits profound differences to the rest of the Grampian *** differences have led some to regard the buchan block as an exotic crustal fragment comprising Precambrian basement gneisses and cover rocks thrust into their current position during Grampian *** rocks of the buchan block are now generally correlated with Dalradian strata elsewhere,the origin of the gneisses and the cause of the high heat flow and associated magmatism is *** report SIMS U-Pb and LA-ICPMS Hf isotopic data in zircon from high-grade rocks from the northeast(Inzie Head Gneiss)and northwest(Portsoy)corners of the buchan *** Inzie Head,upper amphibolite to granulite facies metasedimentary gneisses coexist with diorite sheets that were emplaced contemporaneously with partial melting of their host rocks,at least locally.U-Pb geochronology indicates a crystallisation age for the diorite of 486±9 ***-deformed diorites within the Portsoy Gabbro have a crystallisation age of 493±8 *** of ca.490 Ma for magmatism and high-grade metamorphism,which are broadly contemporaneous with ophiolite obduction and the onset of orogenesis,are significantly older than the established peak of Grampian metamorphism(ca.470 Ma).We propose a new model for the Grampian Orogeny involving punctuated tectonothermal activity due to tectonic switching during accretionary *** of a NW-dipping subduction zone at ca.490 Ma produced a back-arc environment(the buchan block)with associated arc magmatism and high dT/dP *** of an outboard arc resulted in shortening(the initial phase of the Grampian Orogeny)at ca.488 *** of a NW-dipping subduction zone to the SE of the ca.488 Ma suture began at 473 Ma and led to lithospheric-scale extension,decompression melting and advective heating of the middle crust,producing the widespread ca.470 Ma Gram

关键词： Dalradian Grampian Orogeny buchan block Zircon geochronology Magmatism Metamorphism