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Review:Development of SARS-CoV-2 immuno-enhanced COVID-19 vaccines with nano-platform

Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2196-2225页

作者： Nawamin Sa-nguanmoo Katawut Namdee mattaka khongkow Uracha Ruktanonchai YongXiang Zhao Xing-Jie Liang CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Nanotechnology Center(NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development AgencyPathum Thani 12120Thailand National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting TheranosticsCollaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumour Theranostics and TherapyGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021China

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Vaccine development approaches consist of viral vector vaccines,DNA vaccine,RNA vaccine,live attenuated virus,and recombinant proteins,which elicit a specific immune response.The use of nanoparticles displaying antigen is one of the alternative approaches to conventional vaccines.This is due to the fact that nano-based vaccines are stable,able to target,form images,and offer an opportunity to enhance the immune responses.The diameters of ultrafine nanoparticles are in the range of 1–100 nm.The application of nanotechnology on vaccine design provides precise fabrication of nanomaterials with desirable properties and ability to eliminate undesirable features.To be successful,nanomaterials must be uptaken into the cell,especially into the target and able to modulate cellular functions at the subcellular levels.The advantages of nano-based vaccines are the ability to protect a cargo such as RNA,DNA,protein,or synthesis substance and have enhanced stability in a broad range of pH,ambient temperatures,and humidity for long-term storage.Moreover,nano-based vaccines can be engineered to overcome biological barriers such as nonspecific distribution in order to elicit functions in antigen presenting cells.In this review,we will summarize on the developing COVID-19 vaccine strategies and how the nanotechnology can enhance antigen presentation and strong immunogenicity using advanced technology in nanocarrier to deliver antigens.The discussion about their safe,effective,and affordable vaccines to immunize against COVID-19 will be highlighted.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine nanotechnology antigen presenting cells(APCs)

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Flavonoids kaempferide and 4,2’-dihydroxy-4’,5’,6’-trimethoxychalcone inhibit mitotic clonal expansion and induce apoptosis during the early phase of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第4期17卷 288-295页

作者： Supakanya Kumkarnjana Rutt Suttisri Ubonthip Nimmannit Apirada Sucontphunt mattaka khongkow Thongchai Koobkokkruad Nontima Vardhanabhuti Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesChulalongkorn University Nano-Cosmeceuticals Laboratory National Nanotechnology CenterNational Science and Technology Development Agency

Objective: Kaempferide and 4,2'-dihydroxy-4',5',6'-trimethoxychalcone (DTMC) are two major flavonoids found in Chromolaena odoraia Linn, leaf extract. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which these two flavonoids exerted their effect on adipogenesis. The inhibitory effect of kaempferide and DTMC on adipocyte differentiation and their mechanisms involving mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) and apoptosis during the early stage of adipogenesis were investigated. Methods: Confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate and exposed to the flavonoids during various phases of difTerentiaiion. Intracellular lipid accumulation, cell density and expression of the transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding pro-teins a were assessed using AdipoRed, Oil red 0 and Western blot assays. Effects of both flavonoids on cell proliferation and apoptosis were also determined by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide-staining assays, respectively. Results: Kaempferide and DTMC showed significant, concentration-dependent anti-adipogenic activity and effect on cell density in the early phase of adipogenesis. The expression of the transcription factors seemed to be reduced when the treatment was prolonged or in the early phase of adipogenesis. These flavonoids interrupted MCE via inhibition of preadipocyte proliferation and induction of apoptosis. DTMC was nearly three times more potent than kaempferide in inducing apoptosis. Conclusion: Kaempferide and DTMC exerted their anti-adipogenic activity through inhibition of MCE, either by suppressing cell proliferation or by inducing apoptosis during the early phase of differentiation.

关键词： Kaempferide 4,2'-Dihydroxy-4',5',6'-trimethoxychalcone Mitotic clonal expansion Apoptosis Anti-adipogenic 3T3-L1 adipocytes

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