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Dissecting Abscisic Acid Signaling Pathways Involved in Cuticle Formation

Molecular Plant 2016年第6期9卷 926-938页

作者： Fuqiang Cui Mikael Brosche Mikko T. Lehtonen Ali Amiryousefi Enjun Xu matleena punkkinen Jari P.T. Valkonen Hiroaki Fujii Kirk Overmyer Division of Plant Biology Viikki Plant Science Centre Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki PO Box 27 00014 Helsinki Finland Department of Biochemistry Molecular Plant Biology University of Turku Turku 20014 Finland Institute of Technology University of Tartu Nooruse 1 Tartu 50411 Estonia Present address: Institute of Botany The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The cuticle is the outer physical barrier of aerial plant surfaces and an important interaction point between plants and the environment. Many environmental stresses affect cuticle formation, yet the regulatory pathways involved remain undefined. We used a genetics and gene expression analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana to define an abscisic acid （ABA） signaling loop that positively regulates cuticle formation via the core ABA signaling pathway, including the PYR/PYL receptors, PP2C phosphatase, and SNF1-Related Protein Kinase （SnRK） 2.21SnRK2.3/SnRK2.6. Downstream of the SnRK2 kinases, cuticle formation was not regulated by the ABA-responsive element-binding transcription factors but rather by DEWAX, MYB16, MYB94, and MYB96. Additionally, low air humidity increased cuticle formation independent of the core ABA pathway and cell death/reactive oxygen species signaling attenuated expression of cuticle-biosynthesis genes. In Physcornitrella patens, exogenous ABA suppressed expression of cuticle- related genes, whose Arabidopsis orthologs were ABA-induced. Hence, the mechanisms regulating cuticle formation are conserved but sophisticated in land plants. Signaling specifically related to cuticle deficiency was identified to play a major role in the adaptation of ABA signaling pathway mutants to increased humidity and in modulating their immunity to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. These results define a cuticle-specific downstream branch in the ABA signaling pathway that regulates responses to the external environment.

关键词： cuticle abscisic acid Arabidopsis Physcomitrella Botrytis land plants

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An in situ monitoring campaign of a hard rock pillar at great depth within a Canadian mine

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第3期12卷 427-448页

作者： Bradley Forbes Nicholas Vlachopoulos Mark S.Diederichs Andrew J.Hyett Allan punkkinen Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada Department of Civil Engineering Royal Military College of CanadaKingstonOntarioK7K 7B4Canada YieldPoint Inc. KingstonOntarioK7M 4W9Canada Normet Canada Ltd. LivelyOntarioP3Y 0B3Canada

A recent research campaign at a Canadian nickel-copper mine involved instrumenting a hard rock sill drift pillar with an array of multi-point rod extensometers,distributed optical fibre strain sensors,and borehole pressure cells(BHPCs).The instrumentation spanned across a 15.24 m lengthwise segment of the relatively massive granitic pillar situated at a depth of 2.44 km within the mine.Between May 2016 and March 2017,the pillar’s displacement and pressure response were measured and correlated with mining activities on the same level as the pillar,including:(1)mine-by of the pillar,(2)footwall drift development,and(3)ore body stoping operations.Regarding displacements of the pillar,the extensometers provided high temporal resolution(logged hourly)and the optical fibre strain sensors provide high spatial resolution(measured every 0.65 mm along the length of each sensor).The combination of sensing techniques allowed centimetre-scale rock mass bulking near the pillar sidewalls to be distinguished from microstrain-scale fracturing towards the core of the pillar.Additionally,the influence and extent of a mine-scale schistose shear zone transecting the pillar was identified.By converting measured rock mass displacement to velocity,a process was demonstrated which allowed mining activities inducing displacements to be categorised by time-duration and cumulative displacement.In over half of the analysed mining activities,displacements were determined to prolong for over an hour,predominately resulting in submillimetre cumulative displacements,but in some cases multi-centimetre cumulative displacements were observed.This time-dependent behaviour was more pronounced within the vicinity of the plumb shear zone.Displacement measurements were also used to assess selected support member load and elongation mobilisation per mining activity.It was found that a combined static load and elongation capacity of reinforcing members was essential to maintaining excavation stability,while permitting gradual shedding of stress through co

关键词： Hard rock pillar Rockburst Rock mass bulking Distributed optical fibre strain sensing Extensometer In situ monitoring High stress Dynamic support

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胃排空的测定:^(13)C-辛酸呼气试验与闪烁显像的比较

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 9-10页

作者： punkkinen J. Konkka I. punkkinen O. 张红凯 Department of Medicine Porvoo HospitalP.O.Box 50006151 PorvooFinland Dr.

The aim of this study was to compare scintigraphy,the standard method,and the 13C-octanoic acid breath test(OBT)for measuring gastric emptying.Patients with functional dyspepsia(N = 21,8 men and 13 women;ages,40-75)underwent standardized dynamic scintigraphy and OBT.Scintigraphic images were obtained for 90 min and breath samples for 4 hr.The gastric half-emptying time for solids(T1/2)was calculated by two previously described mathematical models for the OBT samples:the nonlinear least-squares method and the geometrical method.T1/2 was significantly longer measured by OBT than by scintigraphy(167±50 min for the nonlinear least-squares method(P < 0.05)and 185±52 min for the geometrical method(P < 0.005)vs.109 ±74 min for scintigraphy).No correlation appeared between T1/2 measured by scintigraphy and T1/2 measured by OBT(r = 0.26)for nonlinear least-squares method and(r =-0.13)for geometrical method).Furthermore,the correlation between the two mathematical models appeared to be low(r = 0.15).Although OBT is simple and safe,its correlation with scintigraphy appears to be weak.The usefulness of this test for measuring gastric emptying thus requires further validation.

关键词： ^13C-辛酸呼气试验胃排空时间闪烁显像非线性最小二乘法测定功能性消化不良数学模型 OBT

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