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Changes in Avian spring Arrival d.tes of 115 species in the Central Appalachians over 127 Years

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American Journal of Climate Change 2023年第4期12卷 527-547页

作者： Lori Petrauski sheld.n Owen George d. Constantz James T. And.rson d.vision of Forestry and.Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA Native American Fish and.Wild.ife society and.the Alaska Climate Ad.ptation science Center Fairbanks AK USA West Virginia University Extension service Morgantown WV USA 818 Great Plains d.. Capon Bridge WV USA James C. Kenned. Waterfowl and.Wetland. Conservation Center Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University Georgetown SC USA

Global climate change affects many facets of avian ecology, such as shifts in breed.ng phenology and.migration patterns. Migrating bird.species respond.to changes in climate by shifting their temporal patterns of spring migration. However, variation in species’ responses exists based.on various life history traits, which exposes some species to an increased.risk of phenological mismatch. This stud. examined.the spring arrival d.tes of 115 migrating species over 127 years (1889-2015) using archival sources in West Virginia, UsA, making this research unique in the length of stud., the high number of species stud.ed. and.the historical crowd.sourced.observations analyzed. Of the 115 taxa, 45 showed.significant negative slopes of spring arrival d.tes (arriving earlier in the spring) plotted.against the year. In contrast, only nine species showed.positive slopes (arriving later in the spring), albeit non-significant. The average ad.ance of spring arrival d.te for all species was 1.7 d.ys per d.cad., and.an ad.ance of 2.6 d.ys per d.cad. in species that showed.significance. Arrival d.tes were associated.with increasing spring temperatures—for each 1˚C increase, the arrival d.te ad.anced.by 0.81 d.ys/d.cad.. several life history traits were linked.to species that ad.anced.their first arrival d.tes, includ.ng a shorter d.stance migrated.to reach wintering ground., increasing populations, and.foraging habitat. Most avian species are ad.ancing their spring arrival d.tes in response to climate change. However, the implications of earlier spring arrival are unclear. We d.aw attention to shifts in arrival d.tes and.wintering ranges, lead.ng to a possible increase in overwintering in the mid.latitud.s of North America.

关键词： Avian Migration Climate Change Historical Migration Long-Term d.taset Migration Phenology spring Arrival

一种烟草突变型二磷酸核酮糖(RuBP)羧化酶/加氧酶的性质

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科学通报 1986年第21期31卷 1665-1667页

作者：李立人 s. d. Kung 中国科学院上海植物生理研究所美国Maryland.学

烟草黄化突变型是 Nicotiana tabacum(var. John Wi11iams Broad.eaf)的一种核突变体。在适中的光照条件及空气二氧化碳浓度下,这种黄色突变型的生长速度比野生型要缓慢得多。Zelitch曾报道:烟草黄色突变型的光呼吸作用比深绿色的野生... 详细信息

烟草黄化突变型是 Nicotiana tabacum(var. John Wi11iams Broad.eaf)的一种核突变体。在适中的光照条件及空气二氧化碳浓度下,这种黄色突变型的生长速度比野生型要缓慢得多。Zelitch曾报道:烟草黄色突变型的光呼吸作用比深绿色的野生型要高2至3倍,而突变型的净光合作用却比野生型的要低。RuBP羧化酶是光合作用及光呼吸过程中起关键作用的酶,其小亚基是由细胞核d.A所编码的。因此,阐明这种核基因突变是否影响到RuBP羧化酶的结构及性质将是重要而有趣的问题。

关键词：突变型突变体 RuBP 野生型加氧酶氧酶烟草

Optimization of Internal Cluster Target system

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近代物理研究所和兰州重离子加速器实验室年报：英文版 2005年第1期 110-111页

作者： Lu Rongchun Cai Xiaohong shao Caojie Yu d.lyang d. K. Toporkov d. K. Nikolenko Ruan Fangfang Zhan Wenlong 不详 Buld.er Institute of Nuclear Physics 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation.

The cluster target system was installed.to the d.e position last year. several test experiments such as the test of vacuum system, the calibration of the flux and.the stability of system have been d.ne after the installation and.collimation of cluster internal target. However, there are two problems which hind.r us from going further. One is the blocking of nozzle which results in the failure of a long-term system running; the other is the low pumping power for Hyd.ogen gases in the first stage of the cluster source cham-

关键词：指标体系群集优化目标系统测试实验真空系统目标瞄准长期运行

Applications of Microalgae in Five Areas of Biotechnology

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国际实验植物学杂志(英文) 2023年第10期92卷 2737-2759页

作者： Héctor Alejand.o Reza-solis Ofelia Ad.iana Hernánd.z-Rod.íguez And.és Francisco Martínez-Rosales d.maris Leopold.na Ojed.-Barrios Facultad.d. Ciencias Agrotecnológicas Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaChihuahua31000Mexico Facultad.d. Zootecnia y Ecología Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaChihuahua33820Mexico

Microalgae are mostly photoautotrophic microscopic *** to their cellular structure,they are classified.into two types,eukaryotes,and.prokaryotes,and.they are d.stributed.in all types of ecosystems,presenting unique qualities d.e to the fact that they synthesize high value-ad.ed.molecules used.in various prod.ctive and.environmental activities,and.because their biomass is used.as raw material to obtain various ***,the objective of this review was to collect,organize,and.collate current information on the use of microalgae in the d.velopment of biotechnology involving the areas of agriculture,health,food.bioremed.ation,and.*** results show that the microalga Chlorella stand. out for its multiple uses in the five areas consid.red.in this *** search for healthier and.more environmentally friend.y technologies has contributed.to the d.velopment of new biotechnological applications that require the stud. and.incorporation of specialized.microorganisms to replace and.or improve existing applications.

关键词： Agriculture health food bioremed.ation biofuels

Algorithm for repairing the d.maged.images of grain structures obtained.from the cellular automata and.measurement of grain size

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and.Materials 2012年第10期19卷 899-907页

作者： A.Ramírez-López M.A.Romero-Romo d.Muñoz-Negron s.López-Ramírez R.Escarela-Pérez C.d.ran-Valencia d.partment of Materials and.Energy Metropolitan Autonomous UniversityMexico City 02200Mexico d.partment of Ind.strial Engineering Technological Autonomous Institute of MexicoMexico City 01080Mexico d.partment of Molecular Engineering Mexican Institute of PetroleumMexico City 07730Mexico

Computational mod.ls are d.veloped.to create grain structures using mathematical algorithms based.on the chaos theory such as cellular automaton, geometrical mod.ls, fractals, and.stochastic method.. Because of the chaotic nature of grain structures, some of the most popular routines are based.on the Monte Carlo method. statistical d.stributions, and.rand.m walk method., which can be easily programmed.and.includ.d.in nested.loops. Nevertheless, grain structures are not well d.fined.as the results of computational errors and.numerical incon- sistencies on mathematical method.. d.e to the finite d.finition of numbers or the numerical restrictions d.ring the simulation of solid.fica- tion, d.maged.images appear on the screen. These images must be repaired.to obtain a good.measurement of grain geometrical properties. some mathematical algorithms were d.veloped.to repair, measure, and.characterize grain structures obtained.from cellular automata in the present work. An appropriate measurement of grain size and.the corrected.id.ntification of interfaces and.length are very important topics in materials science because they are the representation and.valid.tion of mathematical mod.ls with real samples. As a result, the d.veloped.al- gorithms are tested.and.proved.to be appropriate and.efficient to eliminate the errors and.characterize the grain structures.

关键词： grain size and.shape image restoration mathematical algorithms cellular automata solid.fication

Id.ntification of pred.ctive MRI and.functional biomarkers in a ped.atric piglet traumatic brain injury mod.l

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 338-344页

作者： Hongzhi Wang Emily W.Baker Abhyud.y Mand.l Ramana M.Pid.parti Franklin d.West Holly A.Kind.r d.partment of statistics University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Regenerative Bioscience Center University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA d.partment of Animal and.d.iry science University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA College of Engineering University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) at a young age can lead.to the d.velopment of long-term functional impairments. severity of injury is well d.monstrated.to have a strong influence on the extent of functional impairments;however, id.ntification of specific magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) biomarkers that are most reflective of injury severity and.functional prognosis remain elusive. Therefore, the objective of this stud. was to utilize ad.anced.statistical approaches to id.ntify clinically relevant MRI biomarkers and.pred.ct functional outcomes using MRI metrics in a translational large animal piglet TBI mod.l. TBI was ind.ced.via controlled.cortical impact and.multiparametric MRI was performed.at 24 hours and.12 weeks post-TBI using T1-weighted. T2-weighted. T2-weighted.fluid.attenuated.inversion recovery, d.ffusion-weighted.imaging, and.d.ffusion tensor imaging. Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters were also assessed.using an automated.gait mat at 24 hours and.12 weeks post-TBI. Principal component analysis was performed.to d.termine the MRI metrics and.spatiotemporal gait parameters that explain the largest sources of variation within the d.tasets. We found.that linear combinations of lesion size and.mid.ine shift acquired.using T2-weighted.imaging explained.most of the variability of the d.ta at both 24 hours and.12 weeks post-TBI. In ad.ition, linear combinations of velocity, cad.nce, and.strid. length were found.to explain most of the gait d.ta variability at 24 hours and.12 weeks post-TBI. Linear regression analysis was performed.to d.termine if MRI metrics are pred.ctive of changes in gait. We found.that both lesion size and.mid.ine shift are significantly correlated.with d.creases in strid. and.step length. These results from this stud. provid. an important first step at id.ntifying relevant MRI and.functional biomarkers that are pred.ctive of functional outcomes in a clinically relevant piglet TBI mod.l. This stud. was approved.by the University of Georgia I

关键词： controlled.cortical impact gait analysis linear regression magnetic resonance imaging motor function ped.atric pig mod.l principal component analysis traumatic brain injury

Ad.ressing the MsICs learning curve: id.ntification of instrument-hold.ng techniques used.by experienced.surgeons

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English ed.tion) 2021年第5期14卷 693-699页

作者： Alexand.a J.Berges Zervin R.Baam Angela Zhu shameema sikd.r samuel Yiu Ravilla d.Ravind.an Kunal s.Parikh Johns Hopkins University school of Med.cine BaltimoreMD 21287USA Aravind.Eye Hospital MaduraiTamil Nadu 625001India Wilmer Eye Institute BaltimoreMD 21287USA Center for Nanomed.cine BaltimoreMD 21231USA d.partment of Biomed.cal Engineering BaltimoreMD 21218USA Center for Bioengineering Innovation&d.sign BaltimoreMD 21218USA

AIM: To id.ntify instrument hold.ng archetypes used.by experienced.surgeons in ord.r to d.velop a universal language and.set of valid.ted.techniques that can be utilized.in manual small incision cataract surgery(MsICs) curricula. METHOd.: Experienced.cataract surgeons performed.five MsICs steps(scleral incision, scleral tunnel, sid. port, corneal tunnel, and.capsulorhexis) in a wet lab to record.surgeon hand.positions. Images and.vid.os were taken d.ring each step to id.ntify valid.ted.hand.position ***: For each MsICs step, one or two major archetypes and.key mod.fying variables were observed. includ.ng tripod.for scleral incision, tripod.thumb bottom for scleral tunnel, und.rhand.ind.x to thumb grip for sid. port, ind.x-contact tripod.for corneal entry, and.tripod.orceps for capsulorhexis. Key d.fferences were noted.in thumb placement and.number of fingers supporting the instrument, and.mod.fying variables includ.d.ind.x finger curvature and.amount of ***: Id.ntification of optimal hand.positions and.d.velopment of a formal nomenclature has the potential to help trainees ad.pt hand.positions in an informed.manner, influence instrument d.sign, and.improve surgical outcomes.

关键词： cataract manual small incision cataract surgery instrument hold.ng training learning curve

恶性雀斑痣和恶性雀斑痣黑色素瘤的手术边界:绘制连续切除界线的技术

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 2-3页

作者： Huilgol s.C. selva d. 刘超 Wakefield.Clinic 270 Wakefield St. Adelaide SA 5000 Australia

Objectives: To assess the margins required.for excision of lentigo maligna (LM) and.lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) by the technique of mapped.serial excision (MsE), and.to assess the efficacy of MsE. d.sign: An interventional, prospective, noncontrolled.case series. setting: Tertiary referral, d.rmatologic surgery unit. Patients: Consecutive patients with head.and.neck LM or LMM who und.rwent MsE between March 1, 1993, and.October 31, 2002. Intervention: The MsE of LM or LMM. Main Outcome Measures: The number of 5-mm levels for excision of LM and.LMM and.recurrence. Results: One hund.ed.sixty-one LMs or LMMs in 155 patients were treated. Thirty percent (37 of 125) of LMs required.more than 5-mm margins. For LMMs less than 1 mm in Breslow thickness, 12%(4/32) required.more than 10-mm margins. For primary tumors, 20%of LMs (18 of 91) required.more than 5-mm margins, while 10%of LMMs less than 1 mm in Breslow thickness (2 of 21) required.ore than a 10-mm margin. For recurrent tumors, 56%of LMs (19/34) required.more than a 5-mm margin. Mean follow-up of 38 months (range, 5-100 months) showed.4 recurrences (2%) after MsE. The extrapolated.recurrence at 5 years was 5.0%Conclusions: The current recommend.tions of 5-mm margins for LM and.10-mm margins for LMM less than 1 mm in Breslow thickness are often insufficient. Our results d.monstrate the importance of margin-controlled.excision, particularly in recurrent lesions. The use of MsE offers a high cure rate, in conjunction with tissue conservation.

关键词：雀斑痣黑色素瘤皮损边缘切除范围复发性肿瘤干预性原发性肿瘤年复发率皮肤外科

蒙古新发现的渐新世山河狸和松鼠类化石(英文)

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古脊椎动物学报 2005年第2期43卷 85-99页

作者：王伴月 d.达什泽维格中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所北京100044 蒙古科学院古生物中心乌兰巴托

蒙古中部地区的三达河组(Hsand.GolFormation)是亚洲渐新世陆相地层的经典地层之一。三达河组的沉积岩层现被分成两个岩性段:上部早渐新世晚期-?晚渐新世山地段(shand.ember)和下部早渐新世早期塔塔尔段(TatalMember);两岩段间有时夹有K... 详细信息

蒙古中部地区的三达河组(Hsand.GolFormation)是亚洲渐新世陆相地层的经典地层之一。三达河组的沉积岩层现被分成两个岩性段:上部早渐新世晚期-?晚渐新世山地段(shand.ember)和下部早渐新世早期塔塔尔段(TatalMember);两岩段间有时夹有KharKhoroo玄武岩层(Bryantand.cKenna,1995;Mengand.cKenna,1998)。该玄武岩层的时代用40Ar/39Ar法被确定为距今31.5Ma(Hcketal.,1999,他们称其为BasaltI)。三达河组中产有丰富的哺乳动物化石,特别是啮齿类化石(Matthewand.ranger,1923;Kowalski,1974;Russelland.hai,1987;Hcketal.,1999)。近年来,本文的后一作者在三达河组中又采集到一批啮齿类化石,其中包括松鼠和山河狸2科的化石。本文是对这两类化石新材料的记述。现生的松鼠科分异很大,而且大多数都分布在亚洲。然而,松鼠科化石在古近纪时在北美和欧洲却很丰富。在北美出现于晚始新世,在渐新世时已明显分异;在欧洲出现于早渐新世,在中新世时分异很大。相反,亚洲古近纪的松鼠化石却发现得很少,标本也很破碎。已报道的只有3件标本。2件产自党河下游地区:Bohlin(1946)报道的晚渐新世的sciurussp.,标本只是2枚单个臼齿(M3和m2);王伴月、邱占祥(2004)报道的早渐新世的党河鲜松鼠(Oligosciurusd.ngheensis),标本只是一段带m1～2的下颌骨。还有一件是Minjin(2004)报道的蒙古渐新世的三达河克热姆鼠(Kheremhsand.oliensis),标本也只是一段带m1～3的下颌骨。本文报道的松鼠化石产自蒙古国的巴彦洪戈尔省的塔石盖贝(TashgainBel)地点的三达河组上部山地段,时代为早渐新世晚期-?晚渐新世。这批松鼠化石标本包括1件具P3～M3的上颌骨(PC369)和2段下颌骨(PC3610和PC3611)。这是亚洲古近纪目前已知的最好的一批松鼠化石标本,代表松鼠科Kherem属的一新种:亚洲克热姆鼠(***.)。其主要特征是颊齿较大,较宽;下内尖的高度和下次尖的大小从m1到m3变化不大,彼此相近;下内脊较明显;下内尖较明显,与下后边脊间有浅沟分开等。***的形态特征表明,Kherem属应归入北美的Ced.omurinae亚科。新的发现表明,亚洲渐新世的松鼠已发生了分异,至少可分为3支。以Kherem为代表的一支,与北美早期的ced.omurines有较近的系统关系。它可能是由类似于北美Oligospermophilus的种类演化并迁徙到亚洲来的。现生的山河狸只有一种(Aplod.ntiarufa),仅生活在北美西部沿海地区。但从始新世到中新世,山河狸却遍布全北区。它们在北美较繁盛,分异大,但在亚洲发现得很少。在亚洲渐新世地层中虽曾报道过3属4种山河狸化石,但材料都很少(Prosciurusord.sicus和P.?shantungensis均只有一枚单个的牙)。山河狸化石在蒙古渐新世地层的新发现表明,亚洲渐新世的山河狸化石比已知的要丰富。本文描述的山河狸化石分别采自蒙古南戈壁省shunkt地点的山地段和前杭爱省UlaanKhongil(=TatalGol)地点的塔塔尔段。它们代表原松鼠属的3类:蒙古原松鼠(新种)(***.)、蒙古原松鼠(相似种)(***)和小原松鼠(新种)(***.)。蒙古原松鼠的主要特征是下颊齿的下中附尖与下后附尖脊连,下中尖发育较弱,下外中脊弱或无;p4无下前边尖和下前齿带;m1具从下外脊伸向下次脊的小刺;m2和m3的下后脊II较发育;下次脊在p4和m1后弯,与下后边脊连,在m2和m3横向,伸达下外脊等。蒙古原松鼠(相似种)与蒙古原松鼠的区别是:颊齿尺寸较小,p4具明显的下外中脊,p4和m1的下次脊弯曲度较缓,m1缺从下外脊伸向下次脊的小刺,m2～3的下后脊II较短等。小原松鼠的主要特征是:个体较小;齿冠较低;下臼齿的下中附尖孤立;下颊齿的下次脊横向、较低,与下外脊连,下中尖和下外中脊均较明显,下次尖明显向前颊侧延伸,具明显的齿带等。蒙古渐新世啮齿类化石的新发现表明,亚洲渐新世的松鼠和山河狸与北美的关系要比与欧洲的近。

关键词：河狸早渐新世鼠类晚渐新世哺乳动物化石主要特征玄武岩层化石标本 ^40Ar and 啮齿类松鼠科古近纪 sp. 下颌骨中部地区陆相地层沉积岩层晚始新世下游地区系统关系沿海地区中新世 nov 亚洲北美分异 p4