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Three-Point Bending Test and Crack Detection by Acoustic Emission on Different Spring Steel Wires with Different Crystallographic Textures

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2023年第3期13卷 53-67页

作者： mathias lorenz Mohammed Salih Daniela Schwerdt Nowfal Al-Hamdany Emad Maawad Norbert Schell Eckehard Müller University of Wismar Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringPh.-Müller-Straße 14Wismar D-23966Germany Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon Institute of Materials MechanicsDepartment of Laser Processing and Structural AssessmentMax-Planck Str.1Geestacht D-21502Germany Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon Institute of Materials PhysicsMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht D-21502Germany Hochschule Bochum Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical EngineeringAm Hochschulcampus 1Bochum D-44801Germany Steinbeis-Transfercenter of Springtechnology Part behaviour und ProcessLangerfeldstr.53 cIserlohn D-58638Germany

In the production of compression springs,high forming velocities and grades of deformation during winding and setting may induce cracks that can lead to failure causing risks of an accident and *** AE(acoustic emission)technology,a non-destructive monitoring method,can detect acoustic signals reflected from *** establish this method in the production of technical springs,it was necessary,to find out whether the AE signal is influenced by material properties,phase fractions distribution from tempered martensite,retained austenite,and microstructure including crystallographic *** addition,it was investigated to what extent the detected AE signal can be useful to separate between an actual crack and other material *** an in-situ three-point bending test with the AE technology,macro-and micro-crack-typical AE signals were detected for five different spring steel wires(SH,VDSiCr,and FDSiCr according to EN-10270-1 and EN-10270-2).The relative energy related to the initiation,propagation,and growth of cracks caused by mechanical stress was measured using a piezoelectric *** a crack AE signal appeared for the first time,the bending tests were stopped *** results show that the frequency spectrum combined with the intensity of the acoustic signals generated during crack growth depends on the material properties and the crystallographic ***,it could be shown that it is possible to differentiate between micro-crack-typical AE signals and other signals that result from different material responses.

关键词： Technical springs AE analysis micro-computer tomography texture

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Synthetic biology identifies the minimal gene set required for paclitaxel biosynthesis in a plant chassis

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Molecular Plant 2023年第12期16卷 1951-1961页

作者： Youjun Zhang lorenz Wiese Hao Fang Saleh Alseekh Leonardo Perez de Souza Federico Scossa John Molloy mathias Christmann Alisdair R.Fernie Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology 4000 PlovdivBulgaria Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universitat BerlinTakustraBe 314195 BerlinGermany Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14476 PotsdamGermany Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics(CREA-GB) Via Ardeatina 54600178 RomeItaly

The diterpenoid paclitaxel(Taxol)is a chemotherapy medication widely used as a first-line treatment against several types of solid *** supply of paclitaxel from natural sources is ***,missing knowledge about the genes involved in several specific metabolic steps of paclitaxel biosynthesis has rendered it difficult to engineer the full *** this study,we used a combination of transcriptomics,cell biology,metabolomics,and pathway reconstitution to identify the complete gene set required for the heterologous production of *** identified the missing steps from the current model of paclitaxel biosynthesis and confirmed the activity of most of the missing enzymes via heterologous expression in Nicotiana ***,we identified a new C4β-C20 epoxidase that could overcome the first bottleneck of metabolic *** used both previously characterized and newly identified oxomutases/epoxidases,taxane 1β-hydroxylase,taxane 9aα-hydroxylase,taxane 9α-dioxygenase,and phenylalanine-CoA ligase,to successfully biosynthesize the key intermediate baccatin Ill and to convert baccatin Ill into paclitaxel in *** combination,these approaches establisha metabolic route to taxoidbiosynthesis and provide insights into the unique chemistry that plants use to generate complex bioactive metabolites.

关键词： paclitaxel biosynthesis synthetic biology baccatin Ill biosynthesis Taxus

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