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The role of Epstein-Barr virus infection in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Virologica Sinica 2015年第2期30卷 107-121页

作者： Chi Man tsang Sai Wah Tsao Department of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection. EBV episomes are detected in almost all NPC cells. The role of EBV in NPC pathogenesis has long been postulated but remains enigmatic. In contrast to infection of B lymphocytes, EBV infection does not directly transform nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into proliferative clones with malignant potential. EBV infection of normal pharyngeal epithelial cells is predominantly lytic in nature. Genetic alterations in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelium, in combination with inflammatory stimulation in the nasopharyngeal mucosa, presumably play essential roles in the establishment of a latent EBV infection in infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells during the early development of NPC. Establishment of latent EBV infection in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and expression of latent viral genes, including the BART transcripts and BART-encoded micro RNAs, are crucial features of NPC. Expression of EBV genes may drive further malignant transformation of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into cancer cells. The difficulties involved in the establishment of NPC cell lines and the progressive loss of EBV epsiomes in NPC cells propagated in culture strongly implicate the contribution of host stromal components to the growth of NPC cells in vivo and maintenance of EBV in infected NPC cells. Defining the growth advantages of EBV-infected NPC cells in vivo will lead to a better understanding of the contribution of EBV infection in NPC pathogenesis, and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for NPC treatment.

关键词： Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) nasopharyngeal carcinoma latent infection pathogenesis inflammation

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Analysis of Landslide Dam Geometries

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第4期8卷 544-550页

作者： tsang Yun-Chung SHIEH Chjeng-Lun Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering National Cheng-Kung University

The geometry of a landslide dam is an important component of evaluating dam ***,the geometry of a natural dam commonly cannot be obtained immediately with field investigations due to their remote locations.A rapid evaluation model is presented to estimate the geometries of natural dams based on the slope of the stream,volume of landslides,and the properties of the *** proposed model uses high resolution satellite images to determine the geometry of the landside *** satellite images are the basic information to a preliminary stability analysis of a natural *** study applies the proposed method to two case studies in *** is the earthquakeinduced Lung-Chung landslide dam in Taitung,and the second is the rainfall-induced Shih-Wun landslide dam in Pingtung.

关键词： Landslide dam Geometries Stability

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Breaking the resolution-bandwidth limit of chip-scale spectrometry by harnessing a dispersion-engineered photonic molecule

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 475-488页

作者： Hongnan Xu Yue Qin Gaolei Hu Hon Ki tsang Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina

The chip-scale integration of optical spectrometers may offer new opportunities for in situ bio-chemical analysis,remote sensing,and intelligent health *** miniaturization of integrated spectrometers faces the challenge of an inherent trade-off between spectral resolutions and working ***,a high resolution requires long optical paths,which in turn reduces the free-spectral range(FSR).In this paper,we propose and demonstrate a ground-breaking spectrometer design beyond the resolution-bandwidth *** tailor the dispersion of mode splitting in a photonic molecule to identify the spectral information at different *** tuning over a single FSR,each wavelength channel is encoded with a unique scanning trace,which enables the decorrelation over the whole bandwidth spanning multiple *** analysis reveals that each left singular vector of the transmission matrix is mapped to a unique frequency component of the recorded output signal with a high sideband suppression ***,unknown input spectra can be retrieved by solving a linear inverse problem with iterative *** results demonstrate that this approach can resolve any arbitrary spectra with discrete,continuous,or hybrid *** ultrahigh resolution of100 nm far exceeding the narrow *** ultralarge wavelength-channel capacity of 2501 is supported by a single spatial channel within an ultrasmall footprint(≈60×60μm^(2)),which represents,to the best of our knowledge,the highest channel-to-footprint ratio(≈0.69μm^(−2))and spectral-to-spatial ratio(>2501)ever demonstrated to date.

关键词： resolution dispersion limit

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Million-Q integrated Fabry-Perot cavity using ultralow-loss multimode retroreflectors

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Photonics Research 2022年第11期10卷 2549-2559页

作者： HONGNAN XU YUE QIN GAOLEI HU HON KI tsang Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong KongChina

The monolithic integration of Fabry-Perot cavities has many applications,such as label-free sensing,high-finesse filters,semiconductor lasers,and frequency comb ***,the excess loss of integrated reflectors makes it challenging to realize integrated Fabry-Perot cavities working in the ultrahigh-Q regime(>10^(6)).Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate what we believe is the first silicon integrated million-Q Fabry-Perot *** by free-space optics,a novel monolithically integrated retroreflector is utilized to obtain near-unity reflectance and negligible reflection *** corner scattering in the retroreflector is prevented by the use of the TE_(1) mode,taking advantage of its zero central field *** incurred by other mechanisms are also meticulously *** measurement results show resonances with an ultrahigh intrinsic Q factor of≈3.4×10^(6)spanning an 80-nm *** measured loaded Q factor is≈2.1×10^(6).Ultralow reflection losses(≈0.05 dB)and propagation losses(≈0.18 dB/cm)are experimentally realized.

关键词： scattering cavity optics

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Combined cavo-atrial thrombectomy and hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第3期16卷 329-333页

作者： Julian tsang Albert Chan Kenneth Chok Flora tsang Chung Mau Lo Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Queen Mary Hospital University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Queen Mary Hospital University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

To the Editor： Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） remains one of the commonest cancers worldwide especially in hepatitis B endemic regions. Its aggressive behavior is characterised by the natural history of increasing size, a tendency for vascular invasion into the hepatic veins and portal veins. Further growth into the inferior vena cava （IVC） and right atrium （RA） is an infrequent finding but signifies a pre-terminal event with a dismal prognosis.

关键词： in on as or HCC IVC Combined cavo-atrial thrombectomy and hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Computational Intelligence Determines Effective Rationality

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2008年第1期5卷 63-66页

作者： Edward P.K.tsang Centre for Computational Finance and Economic Agents University of EssexColchester CO4 3SQUK

Rationality is a fundamental concept in economics. Most researchers will accept that human beings are not fully rational. Herbert Simon suggested that we are ＂bounded rational＂. However, it is very difficult to quantify ＂bounded rationality＂, and therefore it is difficult to pinpoint its impact to all those economic theories that depend on the assumption of full rationality. Ariel Rubinstein proposed to model bounded rationality by explicitly specifying the decision makers＇ decision-making procedures. This paper takes a computational point of view to Rubinstein＇s approach. From a computational point of view, decision procedures can be encoded in algorithms and heuristics. We argue that, everything else being equal, the effective rationality of an agent is determined by its computational power - we refer to this as the computational intelligence determines effective rationality （CIDER） theory. This is not an attempt to propose a unifying definition of bounded rationality. It is merely a proposal of a computational point of view of bounded rationality. This way of interpreting bounded rationality enables us to （computationally） reason about economic systems when the full rationality assumption is relaxed.

关键词： Rationality bounded rationality computational intelligence economics computational intelligence determines effective rationality (CIDER) theory.

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Combinations of Estimation of Distribution Algorithms and Other Techniques

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2007年第3期4卷 273-280页

作者： Qingfu Zhang Jianyong Sun Edward tsang Department of Computer Science University of EssexWivenhoe ParkColchester CO4 3SQUK School of Computer Science University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TTUK

This paper summaries our recent work on combining estimation of distribution algorithms （EDA） and other techniques for solving hard search and optimization problems： a） guided mutation, an offspring generator in which the ideas from EDAs and genetic algorithms are combined together, we have shown that an evolutionary algorithm with guided mutation outperforms the best GA for the maximum clique problem, b） evolutionary algorithms refining a heuristic, we advocate a strategy for solving a hard optimization problem with complicated data structure, and c） combination of two different local search techniques and EDA for numerical global optimization problems, its basic idea is that not all the new generated points are needed to be improved by an expensive local search.

关键词： Estimation distribution algorithm guided mutation memetic algorithms global optimization.

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Anthropometric Study of the Physique of Hong Kong-Chinese Fire Services Recruits to Streamline the Sizing System

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Journal of China Textile University(English Edition) 1999年第3期16卷 57-60页

作者： tsang-NgBrenda ChanChee-Kooi TaylorGail The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ Hongkong Hong Kong

This research applies the principles of anthropometrics to improve existing size charts together with somatotyping techniques to define the physique of the Hong Kong-Chinese Fire Services recruits. The research results proved that age does not correspond with either body measurements or somatotype components. The results of the study demonstrates that the somatotype component (i. e., endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy) has low to moderate correlation with body girth and body length measurements.

关键词： anthropometric study somatotyping technique physique endomorphy mesomorphy ectomorphy .

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Comparing 11 early warning scores and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 273-282页

作者： Rex Pui Kin Lam Zonglin Dai Eric Ho Yin Lau Carrie Yuen Ting Ip Ho Ching Chan Lingyun Zhao Tat Chitsang Matthew Sik Hon Tsui Timothy Hudson Rainer Department of Emergency Medicine School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory performance of 11 vital sign-based early warning scores(EWSs)and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department(ED).METHODS:We performed a retrospective study on consecutive adult patients with an infection over 3 months in a public ED in Hong *** primary outcome was sepsis(Sepsis-3 definition)within 48 h of ED *** c-statistics and the DeLong test,we compared 11 EWSs,including the National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS2),Modified Early Warning Score,and Worthing Physiological Scoring System(WPS),etc.,and three shock indices(the shock index[SI],modified shock index[MSI],and diastolic shock index[DSI]),with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome(SIRS)and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)in predicting the primary outcome,intensive care unit admission,and mortality at different time ***:We analyzed 601 patients,of whom 166(27.6%)developed ***2 had the highest point estimate(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve[AUROC]0.75,95%CI 0.70-0.79)and was significantly better than SIRS,qSOFA,other EWSs and shock indices,except WPS,at predicting the primary ***,the pooled sensitivity and specificity of NEWS2≥5 for the prediction of sepsis were 0.45(95%CI 0.37-0.52)and 0.88(95%CI 0.85-0.91),*** discriminatory performance of all EWSs and shock indices declined when used to predict mortality at a more remote time ***:NEWS2 compared favorably with other EWSs and shock indices in early sepsis prediction but its low sensitivity at the usual cut-off point requires further modification for sepsis screening.

关键词： Sepsis Emergency department Clinical prediction rule Early warning score Shock index

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Market Structure and Information in Payment Card Markets

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2011年第3期8卷 364-370页

作者： Biliana Alexandrova-Kabadjova Edward tsang Andreas Krause General Directorate of Payment Systems and Risk Banco de Mexico C.P. 06059 Mexico Centre for Computational Finance and Economic Agents University of EssexColchester CO4 3SQ UK School of Management University of BathBath BA2 7AY UK

This paper investigates the structure of the payment card market, with consumers and merchants basing their subscription decisions on different information sets. We find that the market structure depends crucially on the information set on which consumers and merchants base their subscription decisions. In the studied case, we observe that a market with few cards dominating only emerges when decisions are based on very limited information. Under the same conditions using a complete information set, all cards survive in the long run. The use of an agent-based model, focusing on the interactions between merchants and consumers, as a basis for subscription decisions allows us to investigate the dynamics of the market and the effect of the indirect network externalities rather than investigating only equilibrium outcomes.

关键词： Two-sided markets network externalities agent-based modelling competition payment cards.

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