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The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第1期63卷 1-43页

作者： Jaime Alvarez-Muniz Rafael Alves Batista Aswathi Balagopal V. Julien Bolmont Mauricio Bustamante Washington Carvalho Jr. Didier Charrier Ismael Cognard Valentin Decoene Peter B.Denton Sijbrand De Jong Krijn D.De Vries Ralph Engel Ke Fang Chad Finley Stefano Gabici Quan Bu Gou Jun Hua Gu Claire Guépin Hong Bo Hu Yan Huang Kumiko Kotera Sandra Le Coz Jean-Philippe Lenain Guo Liang Léü Olivier Martineau-Huynh Miguel Mostafá Fabrice Mottez Kohta Murase Valentin Niess Foteini Oikonomou Tanguy Pierog Xiang Li Qian Bo Qin Duan Ran Nicolas Renault-Tinacci Markus Roth Frank G.Schroder Fabian Schüssler Cyril Tasse Charles Timmerman matías tueros Xiang Ping Wu Philippe Zarka Andreas Zech B.Theodore Zhang Jian Li Zhang Yi Zhang Qian Zheng Anne Zilles Departamento de Fisica de Particulas&lnstituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela 15782Spain Instituto de Astronomia Geofisica e Ciencias AtmosfericasUniversidade de Sao PauloSao Paulo-SP 05508-090Brazil Department of Physics-Astrophysics University of OxfordDWBOxford 0X13RHUK Institute of Experimental Particle Physics(ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsru he D-76021Germany Laboratoire de Physique Nucleeaire et de Hautes Energies(LPNHE) Sorbonne UniversiteUniversite Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris CiteCNRS place Jussieu F-75252Paris Cedex 5France Niels Bohr International Academy and DARK Niels Bohr InstituteCopenhagen 2100Denmark Discovery Center Niels Bohr InstituteCopenhagen 2100Denmark Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics(CCA.PP)&Department of Physics Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782Spain 0SUBATECH Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique-CNRS/IN2P3-Universite de NantesNantes 44300France Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de KEnvironnement et de VEspace LPC2E CNRS-Universite d'Orleans Orleans F-45071France Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay Observatoire de ParisCNRS/INSU F-18330 NangayFrance Sorbonne Universite UMR 7095Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris98 bis bd AragoParis 75014France Institute for mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics(IMAPP)Radboud UniversiteitNijmegen 6500Netherlands Nationaal Instituut voor Kemfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica(NIKHEF) Amsterdam NL-1009Netherlands IIHE/ELEM Vrije Universiteit BrusselPleinlaan 2Brussels 1050Belgium Institute for Nuclear Physics(IKP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe D-76021Germany Einstein Fellow Stanford UniversityStanford CA 94305USA Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742-2421USA Joint Space-Science Institute College Park MD 20742-2421USA Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm UniversityStockholm SE-10691Sweden Department of Phy

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge V.Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays.To do this,GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity.GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere.Its design is modular:20 separate,independent sub-arrays,each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km^2.A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals early.Here we present the science goals,detection strategy,preliminary design,performance goals,and construction plans for GRAND.

关键词： radio telescopes neutrinos in astronomical observations cosmic rays in astronomical observations radiowave radiation:sources galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays:galactic and extragalactic

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The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第1期63卷 5-47页

作者： Jaime álvarez-Mu?iz Rafael Alves Batista Aswathi Balagopal V. Julien Bolmont Mauricio Bustamante Washington Carvalho Jr. Didier Charrier Isma?l Cognard Valentin Decoene Peter B.Denton Sijbrand De Jong Krijn D.De Vries Ralph Engel Ke Fang Chad Finley Stefano Gabici Quan Bu Gou Jun Hua Gu Claire Guépin Hong Bo Hu Yan Huang Kumiko Kotera Sandra Le Coz Jean-Philippe Lenain Guo Liang Léü Olivier Martineau-Huynh Miguel Mostafá Fabrice Mottez Kohta Murase Valentin Niess Foteini Oikonomou Tanguy Pierog Xiang Li Qian Bo Qin Duan Ran Nicolas Renault-Tinacci Markus Roth Frank G.Schr ?der Fabian Schüssler Cyril Tasse Charles Timmerman matías tueros Xiang Ping Wu Philippe Zarka Andreas Zech B.Theodore Zhang Jian Li Zhang Yi Zhang Qian Zheng Anne Zilles SUBATECH Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique – CNRS/IN2P3 – Université de Nantes Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace LPC2E CNRS-Université d’Orléans 12. Station de Radioastronomie de Nan?cay Observatoire de Paris Sorbonne Université UMR 7095 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris Institute for mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP) Radboud Universiteit Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF) IIHE/ELEM Vrije Universiteit Brussel Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Einstein Fellow Stanford University Department of Astronomy University of Maryland Departamento de Física de Partículas & Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Joint Space-Science Institute Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm University Department of Physics Stockholm University Astro Particule et Cosmologie (APC) Université Paris Diderot CNRS/IN2P3 CEA/Irfu Observatoire de Paris Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics Pennsylvania State University Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Pennsylvania State University Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S?o Paulo LUTH Observatoire de Paris CNRS Université Paris Diderot PSL Research University Clermont Université Université Blaise Pascal CNRS/IN2P3 Lab. de Physique Corpusculaire European Southern Observatory Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shandong Management University Bartol Research Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Delaware IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay GEPI Observatoire de Paris CNRS Université Paris Diderot Instituto de F′?sica La P

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND) is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE) cosmic particles, with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge V. Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays. To do this, GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity. GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere. Its design is modular: 20 separate, independent sub-arrays, each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km~2. A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals early. Here we present the science goals, detection strategy, preliminary design, performance goals, and construction plans for GRAND.

关键词： radio telescopes neutrinos in astronomical observations cosmic rays in astronomical observations radiowave radiation: sources galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays

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