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Determinants of overweight and obesity and preventive strategies in Pacific countries: a systematic review

Global Health Journal 2022年第3期6卷 122-128页

作者： Tanebu Julia Tong masoud mohammadnezhad Nasser Salem Alqahtani Ministry of Health and Medical Services Tarawa 487Kiribati Faculty of Health Studies School of Nursing and Healthcare LeadershipUniversity of BradfordBradfordWest Yorkshire BD71DPUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical Nutrition Northern Border UniversityArar 1321Saudi Arabia

Objective:This study aimed to explore more on contributing factors and prevention of overweight and obesity among Pacific islanders.Methods:Using Cochrane library guideline,four electronic databases,PubMed,Embase,Scopus and CINAHL,were systematically searched from 2010 to 2020.Search strategy included key concepts,free text terms,and database-controlled vocabulary terms to identify articles on determinants and preventative strategies of overweight and obesity in the Pacific countries.A data extraction sheet was developed to extract relevant information required for analysis and theme development for this study.Results:A total of 22 articles were summarized and categorized.Determinants of overweight and obesity identified two themes:environmental related factors 13.6%(3/22)and sociocultural related factors 27.3%(6/22).The preventative strategies of overweight and obesity was categorized into behavioural change 22.7%(5/22),school-related 18.2%(4/22),and policies 50%(11/22).The quality assessment of articles showed“Good”68.2%(15/22),and“Fair”31.8%(7/22).Conclusion:This study highlighted two contributing,non-medication factors affecting overweight and obesity are both environmental and socio-cultural issues.Overweight and obesity preventative strategies identified in the Pacific context considered behavioural change,knowledge enhancement,and policy development.Further research should aim at exploring the current preventative strategies in-depth,to appreciate the most feasible and recommended preventative approach within the Pacific society.

关键词： Determinants Preventative strategies Overweight Obesity Pacific Systematic review

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Knowledge and practice of care-givers who have under-five diarrhoeal children:a quantitative cross-sectional study in Mataniko settlements in Honiara, Solomon Islands, 2016

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Global Health Journal 2017年第2期1卷 12-22页

作者： Ambrose Gali Keshwa N.Krishna Sabiha Khan John Lowry Tamara Mangum masoud mohammadnezhad Research Unit Department of Health PromotionMinistry of HealthP.O.Box 349HoniaraSolomon Islands Department of Environmental and Epidemiology Fiji National UniversityPrincess RoadTamavuaSuvaFiji Islands School of People Environment and PlanningMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand Department of Public Health Fiji National UniversityPrincess RoadTamavuaSuvaFiji Islands

Introduction:Diarrhoea remains the second most serious health problem among children below five years old in Solomon Islands and is one of the leading causes of infant mortality,which caused about one in every ten children dying before the age of five years.Globally,around 6 million children (＜5 years) suffer from diarrhoea each year.Because of lack of previous studies,this study aims to assess the predictors of knowledge and practice of caregivers towards diarrhoea among under-five children in Mataniko informal settlements in Honiara,Solomon Islands,2016.Methods:This quantitative study was conducted at three randomly selected settlements in Honiara,Solomon Islands from June to July 2016.This study was conducted among both male and female caregivers who had children under five years of age,were aged 18 and over,live in Solomon Islands and were willing to participate in the study.A validated structured questionnaire was used to collect the data based on a 2-week recall of diarrhoea episodes.To avoid double-counting,each surveyed household was geo-referenced using global positioning system (GPS).The collected data were entered and analysed using SPSS (version 23.0) and descriptive and analytical statistics.P＜0.05 was considered as statistically significant.This study was approved by relevant ethical committees.Results:A total of 205 caregivers with at least one child under-five years participated in the study.The mean ages of caregivers and the under-five children were (30.7+8.2) years and (2.6+1.5) years,respectively.Among 205 caregivers,94 of them had reported that their children (＜5 years) had suffered with at least one episode of diarrhoea within the last 2 weeks prior to the survey.This gave a prevalence rate of 45.9％.The caregiver's knowledge about the causes (99.0％) and prevention (98.0％) of under-five diarrhoea was extremely high.Nevertheless,less than half had regularly practiced essential hygiene habits.The factors which appeared to be significantly associated with under-five diarrhoea were irregular hand

关键词： diarrhoea knowledge and practice under-five children Solomon Islands

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Common Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) among Pacific Countries

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2016年第11期6卷 153-170页

作者： masoud mohammadnezhad Tamara Mangum William May Joshua Jeffrey Lucas Stanley Ailson Discipline of Health Promotion Department of Public Health & Primary Health Care Fiji National University Suva Fiji Discipline of Emergency Health Management Department of Public Health & Primary Health Care Fiji National University Suva Fiji College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Department of Health Sciences Fiji National University Suva Fiji Department of Public Health Ministry of Health Weno Federated States of Micronesia Department of Public Health Ministry of Health Port Vila Vanuatu

Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of this study is to review previously published articles to understand common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of CVD among Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review is conducted using different databases including;Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and psycINFO. This systematic review is based on the Cochrane review process. All articles published in the English language from 1st January 2000 to 1st September 2016, will be included in the study. After reviewing all of the articles’ titles, abstracts, and full text, the final articles were reviewed and the relevant data was included in the data extraction sheet. A descriptive analysis was conducted to measure the common risk factors of CVD in Pacific countries. Results: Overall, 45 articles met the inclusion criteria of the study. The results showed that age was the most common non-modifiable risk factor while diabetes, high blood lipid, and high blood pressure were the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD. There were only three interventional studies which had all of the significant influences in reducing the risk factors of CVD when the results were compared with the control group. Conclusion: While it is not possible to change the non-modifiable risk factors for CVD, we encourage policy makers to use the results of this study to develop health promotion strategies to address the modifiable risk factors for CVD. Interventional strategies are highly recommended in the Pacific countries to tackle the modifiable risk factors for CVD.

关键词： Cardiovascular Disease Modifiable Risk Factors Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Pacific

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A Systematic Review Study on Prevalence, Determinants, and Risk Factors of HIV/AIDS among Pacific Countries

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World Journal of AIDS 2016年第4期6卷 218-237页

作者： masoud mohammadnezhad Falakika Pasikala Fetuu Tamara Mangum Julie Qilabasa Alakalia Joshua Jeffrey Lucas Discipline of Health Promotion Department of Public Health & Primary Health Care Fiji National University Suva Fiji Department of Nursing Ministry of Health Nuku’alofa Tonga Discipline of Emergency Health Management Department of Public Health & Primary Health Care Fiji National University Suva Fiji Department of Public Health Ministry of Health Honiara Solomon Islands Department of Public Health Ministry of Health Weno Federated States of Micronesia

Introduction: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is known as the biggest public health challenge in both developed and developing countries. This systematic review study is carried out to assess the prevalence, determinants, and risk factors of HIV/AIDS in Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review study applied Cochrane Library Guideline to search, review, apprise, and analyze the articles related to HIV/AIDS. Both qualitative and quantitative articles were published between 2000 to 2016, in English language and were published in databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, EBSCO, ProQuest, Springer and PyschInfo. A data extraction sheet was made and a descriptive statistic was applied to analyze the data. Results: Fifty-one studies met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. The United States had the highest frequency of studies on HIV/AIDS (30 studies). The overall prevalence of HIV/AIDS among Pacific islanders was between 1 to 14 percent. The most common determinants of community-based studies were ethnicity and gender, while they were age and ethnicity in the school-based studies and age in the hospital-based studies. The highest risk factors for HIV were substance abuse, number of sexual partners and unprotected sex. Conclusion:The results of the study highlighted the main determinants and risk factors, which provide a framework for public health experts and program planners to focus on different aspects of HIV/AIDS. As HIV/AIDS is a culturally sensitive health issue, developing preventive strategies considering the factors determined in this study will be strongly advised.

关键词： HIV/AIDS Prevalence Determinates Risk Factors Pacific

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Barriers and Strategies to Prevent HIV/AIDS among Pacific Countries: A Systematic Review Study

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2017年第1期7卷 20-33页

作者： masoud mohammadnezhad Julie Qilabasa Alakalia Tamara Mangum Falakika Pasikala Fetuu Joshua Jeffrey Lucas Discipline of Health Promotion Department of Public Health & Primary Health Care Fiji National University Suva Fiji Department of Public Health Ministry of Health Honiara Solomon Islands Discipline of Emergency Health Management Department of Public Health & Primary Health Care Fiji National University Suva Fiji Department of Nursing Ministry of Health Nuku’alofa Tonga Department of Public Health Ministry of Health Weno Federated States of Micronesia

Introduction: While the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is shown to be decreasing in the last few decades, it still remains a serious public health issue in Pacific countries. This study is aimed to review the common barriers and also preventive strategies for HIV/AIDS among Pacific Islanders. Methodology: This systematic review study on HIV/AIDS was developed based on the Cochrane Library Guideline. Seven online databases which were more frequently used in finding relevant studies were used to search literatures. Using relevant key words, all studies found in the search were reviewed by two independent reviewers and their quality and relevance were assessed. All previous qualitative and quantitative published articles included in the study were published from 2000 to 2016 and in the English language. A data extraction sheet was developed and a descriptive statistic was used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty-two studies met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. Many of the studies were conducted in American Pacific countries (50%). Community-based studies were the most common type of studies (72.7%). In quantitative studies, the most common barriers were lack of accessibility to health services and lack of knowledge, while in the qualitative studies they were cultural barriers and access to health services. Educational trainings on sexual health topics were identified as the main preventive strategy. Conclusion: This study highlights the main barriers of HIV/AIDS among Pacific Islanders. It also provides a guide for decision makers to develop and implement new strategies which are sensitive and based on Pacific cultures and beliefs.

关键词： HIV/AIDS Barriers Preventive Strategies Pacific Islanders

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Efficiency-based Pareto Optimization of Building Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort:A Case Study of a Residential Building in Bushehr,Iran

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1037-1054页

作者： masoud NASOURI Navid DELGARM Department of Environment University of TehranAras International CampusP.O.Box ***TehranIran Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Malek-Ashtar University of TechnologyP.O.Box 83145/115IsfahanIran

In Iran,the intensity of energy consumption in the building sector is almost 3 times the world average,and due to the consumption of fossil fuels as the main source of energy in this sector,as well as the lack of optimal design of buildings,it has led to excessive release of toxic gases into the environment.This research develops an efficient approach for the simulation-oriented Pareto optimization(SOPO)of building energy efficiency to assist engineers in optimal building design in early design phases.To this end,EnergyPlus,as one of the most powerful and well-known whole-building simulation programs,is combined with the Multi-objective Ant Colony Optimization(MOACO)algorithm through the JAVA programming language.As a result,the capabilities of JAVA programming are added to EnergyPlus without the use of other plugins and third parties.To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed method,it was performed on a residential building located in the hot and semi-arid region of Iran.To obtain the optimum configuration of the building under investigation,the building rotation,window-to-wall ratio,tilt angle of shading device,depth of shading device,color of the external walls,area of solar collector,tilt angle of solar collector,rotation of solar collector,cooling and heating setpoints of heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)system are chosen as decision variables.Further,the building energy consumption(BEC),solar collector efficiency(SCE),and predicted percentage of dissatisfied(PPD)index as a measure of the occupants'thermal comfort level are chosen as the objective functions.The single-objective optimization(SO)and Pareto optimization(PO)are performed.The obtained results are compared to the initial values of the basic model.The optimization results depict that the PO provides optimal solutions more reliable than those obtained by the SOs,owing to the lower value of the deviation index.Moreover,the optimal solutions extracted through the PO are depicted in the form of Pareto fronts.Eventually,the Linear Prog

关键词： building energy consumption thermal comfort collector efficiency simulation-oriented pareto optimization

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Seismic control of multi-degrees-of-freedom structures by vertical mass isolation method using MR dampers

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 503-510页

作者： Mohamad Shahrokh Abdi masoud Nekooei Mohammad-Ali Jafari Department of Civil Engineering Marivan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityMarivan ***Iran Department of Civil Engineering Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehran ***Iran Structural Department of Transmission and Distribution Research Center Niroo Research Institute(NRI)Tehran ***Iran

Vertical mass isolation(VMI)is one of the novel methods for the seismic control of structures.In this method,the entire structure is assumed to consist of two mass and stiffness subsystems,and an isolated layer is located among them.In this study,the magnetorheological damper in three modes:passive-off,passive-on,and semi-active mode with variable voltage between zero and 9 volts was used as an isolated layer between two subsystems.Multi-degrees-of-freedom structures with 5,10,and 15 floors in two dimensions were examined under 11 pairs of near field earthquakes.On each level,the displacement of MR dampers was taken into account.The responses of maximum displacement,maximum inter-story drift,and maximum base shear in controlled and uncontrolled buildings were compared to assess the suggested approach for seismic control of the structures.According to the results,the semi-active control method can reduce the response by more than 12%compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum displacement of the mass subsystem of the structures.This method can reduce more than 16%and 20%of the responses compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum inter-story drift and base shear of the structure,respectively.

关键词： seismic control vertical mass isolation base shear magnetorheological damper semi-active control

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Physiology of medicinal and aromatic plants under drought stress

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 330-339页

作者： Zohreh Emami Bistgani Allen V.Barker masoud Hashemi Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO)Isfahan 81748-35117Iran Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01002USA

Drought poses a significant challenge,restricting the productivity of medicinal and aromatic plants.The strain induced by drought can impede vital processes like respiration and photosynthesis,affecting various aspects of plants’growth and metabolism.In response to this adversity,medicinal plants employ mechanisms such as morphological and structural adjustments,modulation of drought-resistant genes,and augmented synthesis of secondary metabolites and osmotic regulatory substances to alleviate the stress.Extreme water scarcity can lead to leaf wilting and may ultimately result in plant death.The cultivation and management of medicinal plants under stress conditions often differ from those of other crops.This is because the main goal with medicinal plants is not only to increase the yield of the above-ground parts but also to enhance the production of active ingredients such as essential oils.To elucidate these mechanisms of drought resistance in medicinal and aromatic plants,the current review provides a summary of recent literature encompassing studies on the morphology,physiology,and biochemistry of medicinal and aromatic plants under drought conditions.

关键词： Drought stress Medicinal and aromatic plants Phytochemistry Physiology

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Effects of mesenchymal stem cell on dopaminergic neurons,motor and memory functions in animal models of Parkinson's disease:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1584-1592页

作者： Jong Mi Park masoud Rahmati Sang Chul Lee Jae Il Shin Yong Wook Kim Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty of Literature and Human SciencesLorestan UniversityKhoramabadIran Department of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea

Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease itself.Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of teratogenicity.We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal model.We searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,2023.The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control groups.We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis.Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test.Among the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.Subgro

关键词： animal animal experimentation mesenchymal stem cells models Parkinson’s disease stem cell transplantation

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Platform Evolution in an Oligo-Miocene Back-arc Basin:An Example from the Central Iran Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 185-206页

作者： masoud SHARIFI-YAZDI Amirhossein ENAYATI Jamal SALEHI AGHDAM Mohammad BAHREHVAR Seyed Mustafa REZAEI Department of Geology Faculty of Earth SciencesGeography and AstronomyUniversity of Vienna1090 Vienna.Austria Geology and Geophysics Department Tehran Energy Consultants(TEC Co.)TehranIran School of Geology College of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran Department of Geology Tarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran

The Qom Formation is the most important hydrocarbon reservoir target in Central Iran.The Qom platform developed in a back-arc basin during the Oligo-Miocene due to the closing of the Tethyan Seaway.This formation consists of a variety of carbonate and non-carbonate facies deposited on a platform ranging from supratidal to basin.A combination of tectonic and eustatic events led to some lateral and vertical facies variations in the study area.Six third-order depositional sequences and related surfaces were identified regarding vertical facies changes in the studied sections of this Oligo-Miocene succession.According to all results and data,this succession was initially deposited during the Chattian upon a distally steepened ramp of siliciclastic-carbonate composition,including the Bouma sequence.Then,from the late Chattian to the Aquitanian,the platform changed into a homoclinal carbonate ramp with a gentle profile.With respect to tectonic activity,this phase was a calm period during the deposition of the Qom Formation.Finally,a drowned carbonate platform and a rimmed shelf emerged during the Burdigalian,terminated by the continental deposits of the Upper Red Formation.Regarding all geological characteristics,three main tectono-eustatic evolutionary phases have been recognized in the Qom back-arcbasin.

关键词： carbonate ramp depositional facies submarine fan eustasy basement faults back-arc basin

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