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Is Zero Point Energy(ZPE)True Science or Fiction?(A Short Memorandum)

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journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 39-42页

作者： Bahman Zohuri masoud j.moghaddam Ageno School of Business Golden Gate UniversitySan Francisco 94105CaliforniaUSA AI Cyber Domain San Jose California 95136USA

ZPE(zero-point energy)is a concept in physics that refers to the lowest possible energy state that a quantum mechanical physical system can *** is the energy that remains even at absolute zero temperature,where all classical forms of energy are assumed to be *** quantum physics,the idea of ZPE is *** to quantum field theory,quantum fields fluctuate even in empty space,resulting in a constant emergence and disappearance of particles and *** ZPE comes from these *** can be used as a useful energy source;however,this idea is still up for *** has occasionally been linked in popular culture to pseudoscientific claims about“free energy”and perpetual motion *** assertions are usually unfounded and go beyond what is currently known about *** are currently no practical applications or tools that can extract useful energy from ZPE,even though it has fascinating theoretical implications and has been researched in the context of quantum field *** the confines of currently understood physics,researchers are still exploring the concept’s potential ramifications and uses.

关键词： QED(quantum electrodynamic) CED(classical electrodynamic) electromagnetic and classical electromagnetic quantum physics or mechanics

Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics Driven Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF)Inducing a Controlled Thermonuclear Energy

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journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 20-38页

作者： Bahman Zohuri Farahnaz Behgounia masoud j.moghaddam Golden Gate University Ageno School of BusinessSan FranciscoCalifornia 94105USA Galaxy Advanced Engineering AlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87111USA

In the 1970s,scientists began experimenting with powerful laser beams to compress and heat the hydrogen isotopes to the point of fusion,a technique called ICF(Inertial Confinement Fusion).In the“direct drive”approach to ICF,powerful beams of laser light are focused on a small spherical pellet containing micrograms of deuterium and *** rapid heating caused by the laser“driver”makes the outer layer of the target *** keeping with Isaac Newton’s Third Law“For every action,there is an equal and opposite reaction”,the remaining portion of the target is driven inwards in a rocket-like implosion,causing compression of the fuel inside the capsule and the formation of a shock wave,which further heats the fuel in the very center and results in a self-sustaining *** fusion burn propagates outward through the cooler,outer regions of the capsule much more rapidly than the capsule can *** of magnetic fields,the plasma is confined by the inertia of its own mass—hence the term inertial confinement fusion.A similar process can be observed on an astrophysical scale in stars and the terrestrial uber world,that have exhausted their nuclear fuel,hence inertially or gravitationally collapsing and generating a supernova explosion,where the results can easily be converted to induction of energy in control forms for a peaceful purpose(i.e.,inertial fusion reaction)by means of thermal physics and statistical mechanics behavior of an ideal Fermi gas,utilizing Fermi-Degeneracy and Thomas-Fermi *** fundamental understanding of thermal physics and statistical mechanics enables us to have a better understanding of Fermi-Degeneracy as well as Thomas-Fermi theory of ideal gas,which results in laser compressing matter to a super high density for purpose of producing thermonuclear energy in way of controlled form for peaceful shape and form ***(Controlled Thermonuclear Reaction).In this short review,we have concentrated on Fundamental of State Equations by dri

关键词： renewable nonrenewable source of energy fusion reactors super high density matter laser driven fusion energy Fermi-Degeneracy Thomas-Fermi theory return on investment total cost of ownership

Implosion Plasma Driven Fusion Pellet of Inertial Confinement(A Short Memorandum)

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journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2023年第1期17卷 15-26页

作者： Rahele Zadfathollah Seyed Kamal Mousavi Balgehshiri Ali Zamani Paydar masoud j.moghaddam Bahman Zohuri Department of Physics K.N.Toosi University of TechnologyP.O.Box 15875-4416TehranIran Physics and Energy Engineering Department Amirkabir University of TechnologyTehranIran AI Cyber Domain San Jose 95101CaliforniaUnited States of America Galaxy Advanced Engineering AlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87111United States of America

The implosion plasma drive fusion pellet of inertial confinement is a concept related to nuclear fusion,a process in which atomic nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei,releasing a large amount of energy in the *** implosion plasma drive fusion pellet is a potential fuel source for achieving controlled nuclear ***(inertial confinement fusion)is a technique used to achieve fusion by compressing a small target containing fusion fuel to extremely high densities and temperatures using lasers or other *** implosion plasma drive fusion pellet concept involves using a small pellet of deuterium and tritium(two isotopes of hydrogen)as fusion fuel,and then rapidly heating and compressing it using a pulsed power *** implosion process creates a high-pressure plasma that ignites the fusion reactions,releasing energy in the form of neutrons and charged *** resulting energy can be captured and used for power *** technology is still in the experimental stage,and significant research and development is required to make it commercially ***,it has the potential to provide a virtually limitless source of clean energy with no greenhouse gas emissions or long-term radioactive *** that as it may,ICF has to get exact control of the implosion process,mitigate insecurities,and create modern materials and advances to resist the extraordinary conditions of the combined response.

关键词： Plasma fusion plasma driven fusion magnetic reconnection tokamak magnetic confinement fusion ICF

Predicting the yield of pomegranate oil from supercritical extraction using artificial neural networks and an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 357-365页

作者： j. Sargolzaei A. Hedayati moghaddam Department of chemical engineering Ferdowsi university of Mashhad Mashhad *** Iran

Various simulation tools were used to develop an effective intelligent system to predict the effects of temperature and pressure on an oil extraction yield. Pomegranate oil was extracted using a supercritical CO2 （SC-CO2） process. Several simulation systems including a back-propagation neural network （BPNN）, a radial basis function neural network （RBFNN） and an adaptive- network-based fuzzy inference system （ANFIS） were tested and their results were compared to determine the best predictive model. The performance of these networks was evaluated using the coefficient of determination （R^2） and the mean square error （MSE）. The best correlation between the predicted and the experimental data was achieved using the BPNN method with an R^2 of 0.9948.

关键词： oil recovery artificial intelligence extraction neural networks supercritical extraction

Preparation of NiO nanoparticles from Ni(OH)_2·NiCO_3·4H_2O precursor by mechanical activation

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International journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第7期21卷 726-735页

作者： Kolsoom Ahmadisoltansaraei javad moghaddam Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department Advanced Materials Research CenterSahand University of Technology

A mechanical activation process was introduced as a facile method for producing nickel oxide nanopowders. The precursor compound Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O was synthesized by chemical precipitation. The precursor was milled with NaCl diluent. A high-energy ball milling process led to decomposition of the precursor and subsequent dispersal in NaCl media. Nickel oxide nanocrystalline powders were produced by subsequent heat treatment and water washing. Milling rotation speed, milling time, ball-to-powder ratio （BPR）, and nickel chlo-ride-to-precursor ratio were introduced as influential parameters on the wavelength of maximum absorption （λmax）. The effects of these pa-rameters were investigated by the Taguchi method. The optimum conditions for this study were a milling rotation speed of 150 r/min, a mill-ing time of 20 h, a BPR of 15/1, and a NaCl-to-powder weight ratio （NPR） of 6/1. In these conditions,λmax was predicted to be 292 nm. The structural properties of the samples were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry.

关键词： nickel oxide nanoparticles chemical precipitation mechanical activation Taguchi method

Statistical evaluation and optimization of zinc electrolyte hot purification process by Taguchi method

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journal of Central South University 2015年第6期22卷 2066-2072页

作者： Bahram Behnajady javad moghaddam Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department Advanced Material Research CentreSahand University of Technology Tabriz

The neutral zinc sulfate solution obtained from hydrometallurgical process of Angouran zinc concentrate has cadmium, nickel and cobalt impurities, that must be purified before electrowinning. Therefore, cadmium and nickel are usually cemented out by addition of zinc dust and remained nickel and cobalt cemented out at second stage with zinc powder and arsenic trioxide. In this research, a new approach is described for determination of effective parameters and optimization of zinc electrolyte hot purification process using statistical design of experiments. The Taguchi method based on orthogonal array design（OAD） has been used to arrange the experimental runs. The experimental conditions involved in the work are as follows： the temperature range of 70-90 ℃ for reaction temperature（T）, 30-90 min for reaction time（t）, 2-4 g/L for zinc powder mass concentration（M）, one to five series for zinc dust particle size distributions（S1-S5）, and 0.1-0.5 g/L（C） for arsenic trioxide mass concentration. Optimum conditions for hot purification obtained in this work are T4（85 ℃）, t4=75 min, M4=3.5 g/L, S4（Serie 4）, and C2=0.2 g/L.

关键词： taguchi method hot purification nickel cobalt arsenic trioxide

Power Maximization of A Point Absorber Wave Energy Converter Using Improved Model Predictive Control

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China Ocean Engineering 2017年第4期31卷 510-516页

作者： Farideh MILANI Reihaneh Kardehi moghaddam Department of Electrical Engineering Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University Mashhad Iran

This paper considers controlling and maximizing the absorbed power of wave energy converters for irregular waves. With respect to physical constraints of the system, a model predictive control is applied. Irregular waves’ behavior is predicted by Kalman filter method. Owing to the great influence of controller parameters on the absorbed power, these parameters are optimized by imperialist competitive algorithm. The results illustrate the method’s efficiency in maximizing the extracted power in the presence of unknown excitation force which should be predicted by Kalman filter.

关键词： wave energy converter Kalman filter model predictive control imperialist competitive algorithm

Maximizing the Absorbed Power of A Point Absorber Using An FA-Based Optimized Model Predictive Control

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China Ocean Engineering 2018年第6期32卷 696-705页

作者： Negar RAHIMI Reihaneh Kardehi moghaddam Department of Electrical Engineering Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University

This paper presents an extended model predictive controller for maximizing the absorbed power of a point absorber wave energy converter. Owing to the great influence of controller parameters upon the absorbed power, the optimization of these parameters is carried out for the first time by a firefly algorithm(FA). Error, the difference between output velocity of buoy and input wave speed which leads to power maximization in the optimized MPC is compared with the classical MPC. Simulation results indicate that given the high accuracy and acceptable speed of the algorithm, it can adjust the parameters of the controller to the point where system error decreased effectively and the absorbed energy increased about 4 MW.

关键词： wave energy point absorber predictive controller firefly algorithm

Green synthesis,characterization and physiological stability of gold nanoparticles from Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl extract

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Particuology 2015年第2期13卷 22-26页

作者： Pooriya Khademi-Azandehi javad moghaddam Materials Engineering Department Advanced Materials Research CenterSahand University of Technology

The synthesis of nontoxic stable gold nanoparticles is important for medical applications. An aqueous extract of the plant Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl was used to synthesize gold nanoparticles. This green method involved the S. lavandulifolia Vahl extract acting as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis and UV-vis absorption and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopies. Stability under physiological conditions is important for medical applications. The stability of the nanoparticles was compared with that of conventional citrate-capped nanoparticles, under both synthetic and physiological conditions. The nanoparticles synthesized from the S. lavandulifolia Vahl extract were stable under physiological conditions, in contrast with conventional citrate-capped nanoparticles.

关键词： Gold nanoparticle Green synthesis Stachys lavanduli folia Vahl Physiological stability