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Global and Kinetic MHD Simulation by the Gpic-MHD Code

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Plasma Science and Technology 2011年第5期13卷 528-534页

作者： Hiroshi NAITOU Yusuke YAMADA Kenji KAJIWARA Wei-li LEE Shinji TOKUDA masatoshi yagi Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory International Fusion Energy Research Center Research Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University Japan Atomic Energy Agency

In order to implement large-scale and high-beta tokamak simulation, a new algorithm of the electromagnetic gyrokinetic PIC （particle-in-cell） code was proposed and installed on the Gpic-MHD code [Gyrokinetic PIC code for magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） simulation]. In the new algorithm, the vorticity equation and the generalized Ohm＇s law along the magnetic field are derived from the basic equations of the gyrokinetic Vlasov, Poisson, and Ampere system and are used to describe the spatio-temporal evolution of the field quantities of the electrostatic potential φ and the longitudinal component of the vector potential Az. The basic algorithm is equivalent to solving the reduced-MHD-type equations with kinetic corrections, in which MHD physics related to Alfven modes are well described. The estimation of perturbed electron pressure from particle dynamics is dominant, while the effects of other moments are negligible. Another advantage of the algorithm is that the longitudinal induced electric field, ETz = -δAz/δt, is explicitly estimated by the generalized Ohm＇s law and used in the equations of motion. Furthermore, the particle velocities along the magnetic field are used （vz-formulation） instead of generalized momentums （pz-formulation）, hence there is no problem of ＇cancellation＇, which would otherwise appear when Az is estimated from the Ampere＇s law in the pz-formulation. The successful simulation of the collisionless internal kink mode by the new Gpic-MHD with realistic values of the large-scale and high-beta tokamaks revealed the usefulness of the new algorithm.

关键词： tokamak gyrokinetic theory magnetohydrodynamics internal kink mode

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Pathophysiology of severe gallstone pancreatitis:A new paradigm

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第7期30卷 614-623页

作者： masatoshi Isogai Department of Surgery Nawa HospitalOgaki 503-0893GifuJapan

Severe gallstone pancreatitis(GSP)refractory to maximum conservative therapy has wide clinical variations,and its pathophysiology remains controversial.This Editorial aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of severe disease based on Opie’s theories of obstruction,the common channel,and duodenal reflux and describe its types.Severe GSP might be a hybrid disease with pathology polarized between acute cholangitis with mild pancreatitis(biliary type)and necrotizing pancreatitis uncomplicated with biliary tract disease(pancreatic type),in which hepatobiliary and pancreatic lesion severity is inversely related to the presence or absence of impacted ampullary stones.Severe GSP is caused by stones that are persistently impacted at the ampulla with biliopancreatic obstruction(biliary type),and probably,stones that are either temporarily lodged at the duodenal orifice or passed into the duodenum,thereby permitting reflux of bile or possible duodenal contents into the pancreas(pancreas type).When the status of the stones and the presence or absence of impacted ampullary stones with biliopancreatic obstruction are determined,the clinical course and outcome can be predicted.Gallstones represent the main cause of acute pancreatitis globally,and clinicians are expected to encounter GSP more often.Awareness of the etiology and pathogenesis of severe disease is mandatory.

关键词： Gallstone pancreatitis Biliary pancreatitis Gallstone hepatitis Acute cholangitis Necrotizing pancreatitis Pathophysiology

基于一维和三维CFD方法的四级径流式鼓风机扩压器和回流器设计与优化（英文）

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风机技术 2024年第3期 47-59页

作者： Vlad Goldenberg Leonid Moroz Ti-shun Zhang Shigeyuki Tomimatsu masatoshi Tomita Soft In Way Inc. DMW Corporation

Soft In Way Inc. performed the aerodynamic design of a 4 stages high pressure radial blower with vaneless diffusers and deswirlers for DMW Corporation in 2021. The nominal pressure ratio of the machine is near 2.Such a pressure ratio often characterizes what would typically be called a compressor, especially if the compression work is performed in one stage. For the subject machine of the present study, the compression work is split into 4 stages.This paper describes the design procedure for this blower, initially focusing in depth on the tradeoffs between work split,rotor diameter, and rotor vane back-sweep angle. The paper then presents a further design and optimization work of different variants of diffuser and deswirler based on aerodynamic performance for this 4 stages radial blower. The number of deswirler blades in the return channel was reduced from 19 to 10 in consideration of manufacturing requirements. To minimize losses in performance due to reduced blade number, several candidates of varied geometry shape deswirler blades were obtained from an automatic design and optimization workflow combining with 3D CFD calculation. All candidates of deswirler were implemented to the entire 4 stages radial blower to analyze machine performance by 3D CFD calculation and the best 10-blade deswirler geometry was determined. 3D CFD analysis shows that 10 blades of deswirler is unable to provide the same pressure rise and efficiency as the original design with 19 blades when all other parts of the design, such as rotor and diffuser are maintained the same. To further improve the blower performance, the similar automatic workflow was applied to study vaned diffuser influence to the blower performance based on the new blower configuration. The number and geometry of best diffuser blades was obtained from the automatic workflow and entire blower performance with vaned diffuser was analyzed and validated by 3D CFD calculation. After finalizing the aerodynamic flow path geometries and configuration of new blower design,per

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Adjuvant atezolizumab-bevacizumab after curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第3期12卷 435-439页

作者： masatoshi Kudo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsaka-SayamaJapan

Hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation(RFA)are established curative methods for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the recurrence rate of HCC is high even in patients who undergo these curative therapies,with HCC recurrence observed in approximately 80%of patients five years after curative therapy with RFA(1).Pathological studies have identified microscopic intrahepatic metastases of a single lesion measuring<2 cm after resection of HCC in approximately 10%of patients and microvascular invasion in approximately 27%of cases(2),highlighting the risk of intrahepatic metastatic recurrence even for single small HCCs measuring<2 cm.For HCCs≥2 cm,the risk of intrahepatic metastasis and microvascular invasion increases with tumor size and number,concurrently increasing the risk of intrahepatic metastatic recurrence(3).

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma atezolizumab plus bevacizumab adjuvant therapy resection ablation

Durvalumab plus tremelimumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 592-596页

作者： masatoshi Kudo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan

Introduction The results of the Phase 3 HIMALAYA trial were presented at ASCO-GI 2022(1).Durvalumab+tremelimumab(Durva/Treme)has also been approved for the treatment of urothelial cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.For hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),nivolumab+ipilimumab has received accelerated approval from the FDA as second line therapy after sorafenib with Phase 1/2 study results,and a Phase 3 trial is currently underway.Durva/Treme is the first anti-PD-L1+anti-CTLA-4 combination immunotherapy to be successfully tested in Phase 3.

关键词： hepatocellular lung carcinoma

The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第2期12卷 256-260页

作者： masatoshi Kudo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsaka-SayamaOsakaJapan

The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer(SITC)published clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(1).Many clinical practice guidelines for HCC have been published by academic societ... 详细信息

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) immunotherapy combination immunotherapy immunotherapy combined with locoregional therapy

Spatiotemporal changes in antlerless proportion of culled Sika deer in relation to deer density

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 1095-1101页

作者： Kei K.Suzuki Teruki Oka masatoshi Yasuda Kyushu Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteKumamoto860-0862Japan Shikoku Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteKochi780-8077Japan

Population management of herbivores is widely applied to decrease damage to forests in the northern hemisphere. Culling more antlerless deer, including females and fawns, is an effective means of reducing the population and helps to improve management efficiency. To increase the efficiency of antlerless-biased culling, we assessed the spatiotemporal distribution of the antlerless ratio in culled sika deer (Cervus nippon) in relation to population density. We hypothesized that the antlerless ratio is higher at the center of the distribution than at the margins of the deer’s range, because dispersal processes differ according to sex and age: Young male deer first disperse into an unoccupied area, and then males may become established in the new area for approximately 10–15 years before the number of females increases. A statistical model revealed spatiotemporal changes in the antlerless ratio of culled sika deer. The change in the ratio basically fit the density distribution of the deer, which was estimated independently on the basis of fecal pellet count surveys. The antlerless ratio estimated from the model increased asymptotically as deer density rose. The results support our hypothesis and suggest that antlerless sika deer will be more easily culled at the center rather than at the margins of the distribution range. These findings should help to increase the efficiency of managing the deer via antlerless-biased culling.

关键词： Antlerless Culling Density Distribution Large herbivore Wildlife management

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Tissue pad degradation of ultrasonic device may enhance thermal injury and impair its sealing performance in liver surgery

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第7期14卷 1357-1364页

作者： masatoshi Kajiwara Takahisa Fujikawa Suguru Hasegawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Fukuoka UniversityFukuoka 814-0180FukuokaJapan Department of Surgery Kokura Memorial HospitalKitakyushu 802-8555FukuokaJapan

BACKGROUND Ultrasonic devices are widely used in many surgical fields,including hepatectomy;however,the negative effects of tissue pad degradation of ultrasonic devices,including those in liver surgery,remain unknown.The Harmonic®1100(H-1100)scalpel has advanced heat control technology than previous models,such as the Harmonic®HD1000i(H-HD1000i).We hypothesized that,because of its advanced temperature-control technology,the H-1100 scalpel would show less tissue pad degradation,resulting in superior sealing performance,compared to that with the H-HD1000i scalpel.AIM To elucidate ultrasonic device tissue pad degradation effects on instrument temperature and sealing performance using ex vivo porcine liver/vessel models.METHODS Two different harmonic scalpels were used and compared:A newer model,the H-1100 scalpel,and an older model,the H-HD1000i scalpel.Using ex vivo porcine livers,each instrument was activated until the liver parenchyma was dissected.The device temperature(passive jaw temperature)was measured after every 10 consecutive activations,until 300 transections of the porcine liver were performed.Tissue pad degradation was evaluated after 300 activations.Sealing performance was evaluated using excised porcine carotid vessels;vessel sealing speed and frequency of vessel burst pressure below 700 mmHg were determined after 300 transections of porcine liver parenchyma.RESULTS The temperature of the H-HD1000i scalpel was approximately 10℃higher than that of the H-1100 scalpel,and gradually increased as the number of activations increased.The median passive jaw temperature of the H-HD1000i scalpel was significantly higher than that of the H-1100 scalpel(73.4℃vs 65.1℃;P<0.001).After 300 transections of porcine liver parenchyma,less tissue pad degradation was observed with the H-1100 scalpel than with the H-HD1000i scalpel(0.08 mm vs 0.51 mm).The H-1100 scalpel demonstrated faster vessel-sealing speed(4.9 sec.vs 5.1 sec.)and less frequent vessel burst pressure<700 mmHg(0%vs 40%)after 300 activations than the H-HD1

关键词： Ultrasonic device Harmonic scalpel Tissue pad degradation Hepatectomy Device temperature Vessel sealing

Associations of body mass index and hospital-acquired disability with post-discharge mortality in older patients with acute heart failure

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第3期19卷 209-217页

作者： Akihiro Sakuyama Masakazu Saitoh Kentaro Hori Yuichi Adachi Keigo Iwai masatoshi Nagayama Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health ScienceJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan Department of Rehabilitation Sakakibara Heart InstituteTokyoJapan Department of Cardiology Sakakibara Heart InstituteTokyoJapan

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of hospital-acquired disability(HAD)on all-cause mortality after discharge according to the body mass index(BMI)in older patients with acute decompensated heart failure.METHODS We included 408 patients aged≥65 years who were hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure and had undergone an acute phase of cardiac rehabilitation at the Sakakibara Heart Institute between April 2013 and September 2015(me-dian age:82 years,interquartile range(IQR):76-86;52%male).Patients were divided into three groups based on BMI at hospital admission:underweight(<18.5 kg/m^(2)),normal weight(18.5 to 25 kg/m^(2)),and overweight(≥25 kg/m^(2)).HAD was defined as a decrease of at least five points at discharge compared to before hospitalization according to the Barthel Index.RESULTS The median follow-up period was 475(IQR:292-730)days,and all-cause mortality during the follow-up period was 84 deaths(21%).According to multivariate Cox regression analysis,being underweight(HR:1.941,95%CI:1.134−3.321,P=0.016)or overweight(HR:0.371,95%CI:0.171−0.803,P=0.012),with normal BMI as the reference,and HAD(HR:1.857,95%CI:1.062−3.250,P=0.030)were independently associated with all-cause mortality.Patients with HAD exhibited a significantly lower cumulative survival rate in the underweight group(P=0.001)and tended to have a lower cumulative survival rate in the normal weight group(P=0.072).HAD was not significantly associated with cumulative survival in the overweight group(P=0.392).CONCLUSIONS BMI and HAD independently predicted all-cause mortality after discharge in older patients with acute de-compensated heart failure.Furthermore,HAD was significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality after discharge,espe-cially in the underweight group.

关键词： patients acute index

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