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Origin of Dynamic Correlations of Words in Written Texts

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2019年第4期7卷 228-249页

作者： Hiroshi Ogura Hiromi Amano masato kondo Department of Information Science Faculty of Arts and Sciences Showa University Fujiyoshida Japan

In a previous study, we introduced dynamical aspects of written texts by regarding serial sentence number from the first to last sentence of a given text as discretized time. Using this definition of a textual timeline, we defined an autocorrelation function (ACF) for word occurrences and demonstrated its utility both for representing dynamic word correlations and for measuring word importance within the text. In this study, we seek a stochastic process governing occurrences of a given word having strong dynamic correlations. This is valuable because words exhibiting strong dynamic correlations play a central role in developing or organizing textual contexts. While seeking this stochastic process, we find that additive binary Markov chain theory is useful for describing strong dynamic word correlations, in the sense that it can reproduce characteristics of autocovariance functions (an unnormalized version of ACFs) observed in actual written texts. Using this theory, we propose a model for time-varying probability that describes the probability of word occurrence in each sentence in a text. The proposed model considers hierarchical document structures such as chapters, sections, subsections, paragraphs, and sentences. Because such a hierarchical structure is common to most documents, our model for occurrence probability of words has a wide range of universality for interpreting dynamic word correlations in actual written texts. The main contributions of this study are, therefore, finding usability of the additive binary Markov chain theory to analyze dynamic correlations in written texts and offering a new model of word occurrence probability in which common hierarchical structure of documents is taken into account.

关键词： Autocorrelation Function Autocovariance Function Word Occurrence Stochastic Process Additive Binary Markov Chain

Field-deployable rapid multiple biosensing system for detection of chemical and biological warfare agents

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 498-508页

作者： masato Saito Natsuko Uchida Shunsuke Furutani Mizuho Murahashi Wilfred Espulgar Naoki Nagatani Hidenori Nagai Yuki Inoue Tomohiko Ikeuchi Satoshi kondo Hirotaka Uzawa Yasuo Seto Eiichi Tamiya Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2-1YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory(PhotoBIO-OIL) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)Photonics Center Osaka University P3 Bldg2-1 Yamada-OkaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Nanomaterials Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)1-1-1 HigashiTsukuba 305-8565Japan Health Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)1-8-31 MidorigaokaIkedaOsaka 563-8577Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringOkayama University of Science1-1Ridai-choKita-kuOkayama-shi 700-0005Japan National Research Institute of Police Science 6-3-1 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba 277-0882Japan

The threat of biological and chemical terror acts remains a growing worldwide *** is therefore a need to develop appropriate technology for the detection of chemical and biological warfare agents,with early identification intended for use by first ***,we disclose the developed autonomous air sampling and detection system for evaluation of the presence of chemical and biological warfare agents that can be harmful to the *** current device utilizes the designed mist generator-assisted air collection system(338 l min^(−1))and biosensing chip technologies,such as electrochemical measurement,Au nanoparticle-based localized surface plasmon resonance,and rapid microfluidic chip PCR for detection of minute concentrations lower than the mean lethal dose(LD_(50))of nerve gases(sarin and VX),toxic proteins(BTX/A/Hc and ricin),and pathogens(anthrax simulant).An operation time of only 5–15 min is needed for the collection and detection;sample preparation is already integrated into the system without the need for direct human *** addition to the system’s sensitivity and ease of use,its portability makes it highly beneficial for first responders,which could aid in immediate risk assessment and mitigation of on-site events.

关键词： biological and chemical agents biosensing electrochemical detection LSPR PCR rapid detection

Xyloglucan for Generating Tensile Stress to Bend Tree Stem

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 893-903页

作者： Kei'ichi Baba Yong Woo Park Tomomi Kaku Rumi Kaida Miyuki Takeuchi masato Yoshida Yoshihiro Hosoo Yasuhisa Ojio Takashi Okuyama Toru Taniguchi Yasunori Ohmiya Teiji kondo Ziv Shani Oded Shoseyov Tatsuya Awano Satoshi Serada Naoko Norioka Shigemi Norioka Takahisa Hayashi Kyoto University RISH Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan Graduate School of Bioagricultural-Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Forest Tree Breeding Center Hitachi Ibaraki 319-1301 Japan CBD Technologies Rehovot 76100 Israel Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan Institute of Sustainability Science Kyoto University Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan

In response to environmental variation, angiosperm trees bend their stems by forming tension wood, which consists of a cellulose-rich G （gelatinous）-Iayer in the walls of fiber cells and generates abnormal tensile stress in the secondary xylem. We produced transgenic poplar plants overexpressing several endoglycanases to reduce each specific polysaccharide in the cell wall, as the secondary xylem consists of primary and secondary wall layers. When placed horizontally, the basal regions of stems of transgenic poplars overexpressing xyloglucanase alone could not bend upward due to low strain in the tension side of the xylem. In the wild-type plants, xyloglucan was found in the inner surface of G-layers during multiple layering. In situ xyloglucan endotransglucosylase （XET） activity showed that the incorporation of whole xyloglucan, potentially for wall tightening, began at the inner surface layers S1 and S2 and was retained throughout G-layer development, while the incorporation of xyloglucan heptasaccharide （XXXG） for wall loosening occurred in the primary wall of the expanding zone. We propose that the xyloglucan network is reinforced by XET to form a further connection between wall-bound and secreted xyloglucans in order to withstand the tensile stress created within the cellulose G-layer micro fibrils.

关键词： G-layer tensile stress xyloglucan xyloglucan endotransglucosylase

18F-fluciclovine的Ⅱa期临床试验:用于脑肿瘤PET显像的效能和安全性

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中华核医学与分子影像杂志 2017年第6期37卷 382-383页

作者：唐军 Akihide kondo Hisato Ishii Shigeki Aoki Masaru Suzuki Hidekazu Nagasawa Kazuo Kubota Ryogo Minamimoto Atsushi Arakawa masato Tominaga Hajime Arai 苏州大学附属第二医院核医学科 Department of Neurosurgery Juntendo University School of Medicine

目的;F-fluciclovine(anti-;F-FACBC)氨基酸代谢显像诊断脑肿瘤的效能较好,而;FFDG诊断脑肿瘤存在局限性。该研究通过Ⅱa期临床研究来评价anti-;F-FACBC在脑胶质瘤患者肿瘤中的分布和安全性。方法 5例脑胶质瘤拟行手术切除的患者术前静... 详细信息

目的;F-fluciclovine(anti-;F-FACBC)氨基酸代谢显像诊断脑肿瘤的效能较好,而;FFDG诊断脑肿瘤存在局限性。该研究通过Ⅱa期临床研究来评价anti-;F-FACBC在脑胶质瘤患者肿瘤中的分布和安全性。方法 5例脑胶质瘤拟行手术切除的患者术前静脉注射anti-;F-FACBC后行PET显像,同时行钆增强T;加权（CE-T;W）MRI。根据CE-T;MRI和anti-;F-FACBC PET显像结果,取术中标本行组织病理学分析。比较MRI和PET/CT图像上的肿瘤范围。Anti-;F-FACBC显像时绘制肿瘤和正常脑组织的时间-放射性曲线,在肿瘤、对侧正常脑组织和小脑部位勾画ROI,并计算上述部位SUV。根据患者主观症状、客观体征、心电图、生命体征、实验室检查结果和不良反应发生情况评价anti-;F-FACBC的安全性。结果所有患者的胶质瘤病灶均摄取anti-;F-FACBC,CE-T;W MRI也可显示病灶,但前者显像的病灶范围大于后者。组织病理学结果证实,有2例患者的病灶在anti-;F-FACBC显像的病灶范围内,但在CE-T;W MRI显示的范围外。2例患者出现轻度不良反应:1例头部隐痛到轻度头痛,1例全身不适;上述症状均自行缓解。轻度头痛和anti-;F-FACBC的因果关系无法排除。该研究还发现,肿瘤与正常组织存在较高的T/N比值。结论 Anti-;F-FACBC PET/CT显像可以显示胶质瘤的病灶范围,其准确性比CE-T;W MRI高。Anti-;F-FACBC用于脑胶质瘤患者显像有较好的安全性。

关键词：临床试验 F-fluciclovine 脑胶质瘤 PET MRI

Diagnosis of small intramucosal signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach by non-magnifying narrow-band imaging: A pilot study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第12期7卷 1070-1077页

作者： Jiro Watari Toshihiko Tomita Hisatomo Ikehara masato Taki Tomohiro Ogawa Takahisa Yamasaki Takashi kondo Fumihiko Toyoshima Jun Sakurai Tomoaki Kono Katsuyuki Tozawa Yoshio Ohda Tadayuki Oshima Hirokazu Fukui Seiichi Hirota Hiroto Miwa Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine NishinomiyaHyogo 663-8501 Japan Department of Surgical Pathology Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8501 Japan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogo 663-8501 Japan

AIM: To examine the efficacy of non-magnifying narrow-band imaging(NM-NBI) imaging for small signet ring cell carcinoma(SRC).METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 14 consecutive small intramucosal SRCs that had been treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and 14 randomly selected whitish gastric ulcer scars(control). The strength and shape of the SRCs and whitish scars by NM-NBI and white-light imaging(WLI) were assessed with Image J(NIH, Bethesda).RESULTS: NM-NBI findings of SRC showed a clearly isolated whitish area amid the brown color of the surrounding normal mucosa. The NBI index, which indicates the potency of NBI for visualizing SRC, was significantly higher than the WLI index(P = 0.001), indicating SRC was more clearly identified by NM-NBI. Although the NBI index was not significantly different between SRCs and controls, the circle(C)-index, as an index of circularity of tumor shape, was significantly higher in SRCs(P = 0.001). According to the receiveroperating characteristic analysis, the resulting cut-off value of the circularity index(C-index) for SRC was 0.60(85.7% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity). Thus a lesion with a C-index ≥ 0.6 was significantly more likely to be an SRC than a gastric ulcer scar(OR = 36.0; 95%CI: 4.33-299.09; P = 0.0009).CONCLUSION: Small isolated whitish round area by NM-NBI endoscopy is a useful finding of SRCs which is the indication for ESD.

关键词： Gastric cancer Signet ring cell carcinoma Narrow-b

Histological diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors: A pilot study of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy vs mucosal cutting biopsy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第14期7卷 1142-1149页

作者： Hisatomo Ikehara Zhaoliang Li Jiro Watari masato Taki Tomohiro Ogawa Takahisa Yamasaki Takashi kondo Fumihiko Toyoshima Tomoaki Kono Katsuyuki Tozawa Yoshio Ohda Toshihiko Tomita Tadayuki Oshima Hirokazu Fukui Ikuo Matsuda Seiichi Hirota Hiroto Miwa Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Department of Surgical Pathology Hyogo College of Medicine

AIM: To compare the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy(EUS-FNAB) without cytology and mucosal cutting biopsy(MCB) in the histological diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumor(SMT).METHODS: We prospectively compared the diagnostic yield, feasibility, and safety of EUS-FNAB and those of MCB based on endoscopic submucosal dissection. The cases of 20 consecutive patients with gastric SMT ≥1 cm in diameter. who underwent both EUS-FNAB and MCB were ***: The histological diagnoses were gastrointestinal stromal tumors(n = 7), leiomyoma(n =6), schwannoma(n = 2), aberrant pancreas(n = 2), and one case each of glomus tumor, metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, and no-diagnosis. The tumors' mean size was 23.6 mm. Histological diagnosis was made in 65.0% of the EUS-FNABs and 60.0% of the MCBs, a nonsignificant difference. There were no significant differences in the diagnostic yield concerning the tumor location or tumor size between the two methods. However, diagnostic specimens were significantly more frequently obtained in lesions with intraluminal growth than in those with extraluminal growth by the MCB method(P = 0.01). All four SMTs with extraluminal growth were diagnosed only by EUSFNAB(P = 0.03). No complications were found in either ***: MCB may be chosen as an alternative diagnostic modality in tumors showing the intraluminal growth pattern regardless of tumor size, whereas EUSFNAB should be performed for SMTs with extraluminal growth.

关键词： Submucosal tumor Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided