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Prevalence and characterization of supplement use among healthy children and adolescents in an urban Japanese city

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Health 2011年第3期3卷 135-140页

作者： Nagisa Mori masaru kubota Shoko Hamada Ayako Nagai Department of Human Life and Environment Nara Women’s University

Although there are numerous studies on the use of supplements in children and adolescents from western countries, only a small number of studies have been conducted in Asian countries. This study was planned to determine the use of supplements and their association with lifestyles in healthy Japanese children and adolescents. This is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in a Japanese urban city, Nara, in 2008. A total of 681 children and adolescents aged between 3 and 17 years were enrolled. The parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on the use of supplements among their children. Demographic information, health and nutrition status of children as perceived by parents, sleep duration, and a family history of supplement use were also collected. A total of 20.4% of children and adolescents are presently using (in the past one month) or have used (in the past one year excluding the past one month) supplements. The types of supplements most commonly used were minerals, followed by vitamins and blueberry extracts. Univariate analysis indicated that supplement use was associated with older age, poor perception of health status, shorter sleep duration, and a positive family history of supplement use. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age and a positive family history affected supplement use. Given the ap-proximately 20% of prevalence of supplement use in Japanese children and adolescents, there is a need for further research to examine the supplements’ effectiveness and safety.

关键词： Supplement Child Adolescence Japan Lifestyle

Alteration of Taste Acuity in Pediatric Cancer Patients after Treatment Completion: A Cross-Sectional Study Using a Filter-Paper Disc Method

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第14期5卷 1440-1446页

作者： Ayako Nagai masaru kubota Souichi Adachi Ken-ichiro Watanabe Yasufumi Takeshita Department of Human Life and Environment Nara Women’s University Nara Japan Department of Pediatrics Kyoto University Hospital Kyoto Japan Department of Pediatrics Nara Medical University Hospital Nara Japan

Taste acuity of adult patients undergoing cancer treatment has been well investigated;however, studies of taste acuity after completion of cancer treatment are limited, particularly in children. This study aimed to assess taste acuity in pediatric cancer patients after treatment completion. Seventy-three patients who had completed cancer treatment (median age, 13 years;range, 7 - 18 years) and had not received any further treatment for at least 6 months were enrolled. Eighty-one healthy children (median age, 10 years;range, 8 - 19 years) served as controls. We determined the thresholds for four tastes (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter) using the filter-paper disc method. There was no significant difference in the thresholds of taste acuity for the four test solutions between the patient and control groups. The duration since treatment completion (<5 years vs. ≥5 years) had no significant impact on taste acuity for the four test solutions. The threshold for tasting salt was significantly higher in the group that had received chemotherapy + radiation and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation than that in the group that had received chemotherapy-only. Our results indicated that taste acuity after treatment completion in pediatric cancer patients was the same as that in healthy children. However, some treatment modalities were correlated with an impaired ability to taste salt. Gustatory test results should be considered while deciding nutritional support modalities after treatment completion in pediatric cancer patients.

关键词： Pediatric Cancer Cancer Treatment Filter-Paper Disc Method Taste Acuity

Investigation of Fatigue in Japanese Children Based on a Questionnaire

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Investigation of Fatigue in Japanese Children Based on a Que...

A study of fatigue status in Chinese adolescents in an urban city, Jixi

第五届亚洲儿科研究大会

作者： masaru kubota Eriko Kuruma Nagisa Mori Ayako Nagai Nara Womens University Faculty of Life and Environment

＜正＞Objective Fatigue is a serious social problem in Japanese *** number of children visiting the nurse’s office at school or pediatric outpatient clinics because of fatigue has increased ***, the actual condition of fatigue is largely not *** present study was conducted to clarify the actual condition and factors associated with fatigue in Japanese children.

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Health 2011年第5期3卷 271-275页

作者： Ning Zou masaru kubota Ayako Nagai Jin Ri Ji Liu Shu Xian 不详

The aim of the study was to clarify the charac-teristics of fatigue status in Chinese adolescents. 1018 adolescents (490 males, 528 females) aged 12 or 15 years in Jixi city were enrolled. Between May and September 2009, fatigue status was investigated using a questionnaire devised by ourselves, which consisted of 4 physical and 4 mental fatigue items. These questions were scored from 0 to 3 based on the frequency of an item occurring, given as the average of the past one month, and the fatigue scores were calculated. Lifestyle issues such as daily sleep duration, feeling of refreshment in the morning after wake-up, extracurricular sports activity, and breakfast intake, and a physical examination such as height, weight, and waist circumference were also investigated. Physical and mental fatigue scores were significantly higher in subjects aged 15 yrs old than in those aged 12 yrs old in both genders. These scores in females were significantly higher than those in males at the age of 15 yrs. Multivariate regression analysis showed that total (physical plus mental) fatigue scores were associated with female gender and various lifestyles such as unrefreshed wake-up feeling, poor extracurricular sports activity, and more frequent skipping of breakfast. However, body mass index and waist circumference were not associated with total fatigue scores.

关键词： Adolescent Chinese Lifestyle Mental Fatigue Physical Fatigue

Assessment of Japanese healthy children’s nutritional status using Waterlow classification

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Health 2012年第11期4卷 1036-1040页

作者： Yukie Higashiyama masaru kubota Satoko Oshima Marie Mibu Yuka Yasui Ayako Nagai Department of Human Life and Environment Nara Women’s University Nara Japan Department of Human Life and Environment Nara Women’s University Nara Japan

Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and may case an undesirable effect on the growth and development in children. There have been several reports about the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children, but reports about malnutrition in a large number of healthy children are quite limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of likelihood of malnutrition in Japanese healthy children. We retrospectively reviewed data of height and weight at a regular health check in 7517 healthy children (age 3 - 17;3747 boys, 3770 girls) during 2008 and 2010 in Nara city, Japan. The data were evaluated using Waterlow classification, i.e., weight-for-height (W/H) and height-for-age (H/A). The prevalence of under-nutrition, as estimated by the values of W/H less than 90% and H/A less than 95%, were 20.1% and 8.3%, respectively, and this prevalence of malnutrition risk tended to vary substantially with age. The peak levels of the prevalence were found to be at around 12 years old for both sexes in W/H, and at around 11 years old for boys and at around 10 years old for girls in H/A. We have clearly demonstrated the existence of certain percentages of the likelihood of malnutrition at different ages in healthy children. These findings suggest that when we want to evaluate the nutritional status using Waterlow classification in hospitalized children, we should be careful by taking such reference values into account.

关键词： Healthy Children Malnutrition Nutritional Assessment Waterlow Classification

Association of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome with Sleep Apnea: Investigation Using an Impulse Oscillometry System

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第4期3卷 270-275页

作者： Masanori Yokoba Naohito Ishii Tsuyoshi Ichikawa Mayuko Wada Hisashi Mitsufuji masaru kubota Noriyuki Masuda Masato Katagiri Division of Respiratory Medicine Kitasato University HospitalKanagawa JAPAN Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanagawa JAPAN Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences Kanagawa JAPAN

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) patients sometimes show signs of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the mechanism causing hypoxia during sleep in SVCS patients is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to elucidate 1) the changes in central and peripheral respiratory resistance with SVCS, and 2) interpret the mechanism underlying the development of hypoxia during sleep in patients with SVCS related to OSA. Ten SVCS patients related to a neoplasm were recruited for this study. The degree of apnea hypopnea index (AHI) for OSA was evaluated by portable diagnosing device before and after SVCS treatment. We also analyzed the airway resistance and reactance quantitatively in the supine position by Master Screen impulse oscillometry system (MS-IOS?). After SVCS treatment, mean values of AHI were significantly decreased from 30.9 to 16.9 (/hour) (p = 0.001). Central respiratory resistance (R20) also decreased significantly from 0.40 to 0.33 kPa/L/s (p = 0.025) in the supine position. In contrast, peripheral respiratory resistance (R5-R20) and distal capacitive reactance (X5) did not change significantly. It is thought that the exacerbation of OSA due to SVCS is caused by increasing upper airway resistance related to reversible edema of the upper airway mucous or tissue. In contrast, SVCS may not cause peripheral respiratory tract and lung parenchyma edema.

关键词： Upper Airway Resistance Central Respiratory Resistance Peripheral Respiratory Resistance Impulse Oscillometry System Ios Pulmonary Neoplasm

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF PELTON TURBINE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2007年第3期19卷 356-364页

作者： kubota Takashi College of Electric Power South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China

Different from the reaction turbines, the hydraulic performance of Pelton turbine is dynamic due to the unsteady flow in the rotating buckets in time and space. The dynamic energy efficiency of bucket ηεB and power efficiency of bucket ηPB within a short period can be predicted from the dynamic flow pattern of the free-surface sheet flow in the rotating bucket, whereas the dynamic discharge efficiency of bucket ηQB is defined as the resident discharge in the bucket at the respective moment. Under the operation of higher unit speed non than the optimum one, the power efficiency of bucket is deteriorated by the jet interference with the rear surface of bucket △Prear at the first stage of the dynamic performance, as well as the loss power due to the spilt flow from the cutout of bucket at the later stage of performance. Based on the dynamic performance prediction presented, the future possibility of the quantitative investigation for the negative scale effect of Pelton turbines was discussed.

关键词： dynamic energy efficiency dynamic discharge efficiency dynamic power efficiency rotating bucket Pelton turbine

Unsteady separation of jet branch by cutout of rotating Pelton bucket

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第2期54卷 302-310页

作者： kubota Takashi College of Electric Power South China University of Technology

As a part of boundaries for a free curved surface of a Pelton bucket,the cutout is indispensable to secure the smooth entrance of the unsteady inflow of water jet into the rotating *** cutout of the rotating bucket unsteadily separates a free jet into two branches in both space and time:the impinging branch landing on the relevant bucket surface,and the flow-off branch separated by the cutout toward the preceding *** order to investigate the unsteady jet separation by the cutout three-dimensionally,a semicircular free jet was discretized into 641 nodes of boundary-fitted *** position P of impinging jet branch landing on the bucket surface was acquired with the relative velocity W and the water depth D at each *** trailing edge surface of the flow-off jet branch was simultaneously computed *** complicate unsteady interaction of the bucket cutout with the branched free jets was clarified visually with the 3D view of illustrations in order to research the unsteady hydraulic performance of Pelton turbines in space and time.

关键词： cutout rotating bucket jet branch trailing edge surface of jet unsteady in space and time

Existence and Asymptotic Behavior of Radially Symmetric Solutions to a Semilinear Hyperbolic System in Odd Space Dimensions

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2006年第5期27卷 507-538页

作者： Hideo KUBO Kji kubota Department of Mathematics Osaka University Machikaneyama 1-1ToyonakaOsaka 560-0043Japan Department of Mathematics Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810Japan

This paper is concerned with a class of semilinear hyperbolic systems in odd space dimensions. Our main aim is to prove the existence of a small amplitude solution which is asymptotic to the free solution as t →-∞ in the energy norm, and to show it has a free profile as t →＋∞. Our approach is based on the work of [11]. Namely we use a weighted L^∞ norm to get suitable a priori estimates. This can be done by restricting our attention to radially symmetric solutions. Corresponding initial value problem is also considered in an analogous framework. Besides, we give an extended result of [14] for three space dimensional case in Section 5, which is prepared independently of the other parts of the paper.

关键词： Semilinear wave equations Asymptotic behavior Radially symmetric solution