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Quest for Potentials in the Quintessence Scenario

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第2期4卷 211-214页

作者： Tetsuya hara Department of Physics Kyoto Sangyo University Kyoto 603-8555 Japan

The time evolution of the equation of state w for quintessence scenario with a scalar field as dark energy is studied up to the third derivative (d3w/da3) with respect to the scale factor a, in order to predict the future observations and specify the scalar potential parameters with the observables. The third derivative of w for general potential V is derived and applied to several types of potentials. They are the inverse power-law (V = M4 + α/Qα), the exponential , the mixed , the cosine and the Gaussian types , which are prototypical potentials for the freezing and thawing models. If the parameter number for a potential form is n, it is necessary to find at least for n + 2 independent observations to identify the potential for0m and the evolution of the scalar field (Q and ). Such observations would be the values of ΩQ, w, dw/da, ???, and dwn/dan. From these specific potentials, we can predict the n + 1 and higher derivative of w;dwn + 1/dan + 1, ???. Since four of the above mentioned potentials have two parameters, it is necessary to calculate the third derivative of w for them to estimate the predict values. If they are tested observationally, it will be under- stood whether the dark energy could be described by the scalar field with this potential. At least it will satisfy the necessary conditions. Numerical analysis for d3w/da3 is made under some specified parameters in the investigated potentials, except the mixed one. It becomes possible to distinguish the potentials by the accurate observing dw/da and d2w/da2 in some parameters.

关键词： Dark Energy Quintessence Thawing Model Freezing Model

Combined choriocarcinoma, neuroendocrine cell carcinoma and tubular adenocarcinoma in the stomach

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第20期14卷 3269-3272页

作者： Yasumitsu Hirano Takuo hara Hiroshi Nozawa Kaeko Oyama Naohiro Ohta Kenji Omura Go Watanabe Hideki Niwa Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery Kanazawa University Graduate school of Medical Science 13-1 Takara-machi Kanazawa 920-8641 Japan Department of Surgery Kouseiren Takaoka Hospital5-10 Eiraku-chou Takaoka 933-8555 Japan Department of Pathology Kouseiren Takaoka Hospital 5-10 Eiraku-chou Takaoka 933-8555 Japan

We described a patient with adenocarcinoma of the stomach combined with choriocarcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma. An 85-year-old man visited our hospital because of appetite loss. Gastric fiberscopy revealed a large tumor occupying the cardial region and anterior wall of the gastric body. The patient underwent total gastrectomy with lymphnode dissection and partial resection of the liver. Choriocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma and tubular adenocarcinoma existed in the gastric tumor. The choriocarcinomatous foci contained cells positive for beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin （B-hCG） and human placental lactogen mainly in syncytiotrophoblastic cells. The small cell carcinomatous loci contained cells positive for synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase （NSE）, and chromogranin A. The prognosis for gastric adenocarcinoma with choriocarcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma is exceedingly poor. This patient died about 2 mo after the first complaint from hepatic failure. This is the first reported case of gastric cancer with these three pathological features.

关键词： Gastric cancer Choriocarcinoma Neuroen-docrine cell carcinoma Tubular adenocarcinoma Combined carcinoma

Routine modified D2 lymphadenectomy performance in pT1-T2N0 gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第44期15卷 5568-5572页

作者： John Griniatsos hara Gakiopoulou Eugenia Yiannakopoulou Nikoletta Dimitriou Gerasimos Douridas Afrodite Nonni Theodoros Liakakos Evangelos Felekouras 1st Department of Surgery University of AthensMedical School LAIKO HospitalGR 115-27AthensGreece Department of Pathology University of AthensMedical SchoolLAIKO HospitalGR 115-27AthensGreece 3rd Department of Surgery University of AthensMedical SchoolATTIKO HospitalGR 115-27Athens Greece

AIM： To evaluate routine modified D2 lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer, based on immunohistochemicaUy detected skip micrometastases in level 11 lymph nodes. METHODS： Among 95 gastric cancer patients who were routinely submitted to curative modified D2 lymphadenectomy, from January 2004 to December 2008, 32 were classified as pN0. All level I lymph nodes of these 32 patients were submitted to immunohistochemistry for micrometastases detection. Patients in whom micrometastases were detected in the level Ⅰ lymph node stations （n = 4） were excluded from further analysis. The level 11 lymph nodes of the remaining 28 patients were studied immunohistochemically for micrometastases detection and constitute the material of the present study. RESULTS： Skip micrometastases in the level Ⅱ lymph nodes were detected in 14% （4 out of 28） of the patients. The incidence was further increased to 17% （4 out of 24） in the subgroup of T1-2 gastric cancer patients. All micrometastases were detected in the No. 7 lymph node station. Thus, the disease was upstaged from stage Ⅰ A to Ⅰ B in one patient and from stage Ⅰ B to Ⅱ in three patients. CONCLUSION： In gastric cancer, true R0 resection may not be achieved without modified D2 lymphadenectomy. Until D2＋/D3 lymphadenectomy becomes standard, modified D2 lymphadenectomy should be performed routinely.

关键词： Gastric cancer D2 gastrectomy D2 lymphadenectomy Micrometastases Skip metastases Skip micrometastases

A comparison of three methods of decellularization of pig corneas to reduce immunogenicity

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第4期7卷 587-593页

作者： Whayoung Lee Yuko Miyagawa Cassandra Long David K.C.Cooper Hidetaka hara Department of Surgery Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh

·AIM: To investigate whether decellularization using different techniques can reduce immunogenicity of the cornea, and to explore the decellularized cornea as a scaffold for cultured corneal endothelial cells(CECs).Transplantation of decellularized porcine corneas increases graft transparency and survival for longer periods compared with fresh grafts.·METHODS: Six-month-old wild-type pig corneas were cut into 100-200 μm thickness, and then decellularized by three different methods: 1) 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS); 2) hypoxic nitrogen(N2); and 3) hypertonic NaCl. Thickness and transparency were assessed visually. Fresh and decellularized corneas were stained with hematoxylin/eosin(H&E), and for the presence of galactose-α1,3-galactose(Gal) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid(NeuGc, a nonGal antigen). Also, a human IgM/IgG binding assay was performed. Cultured porcine CECs were seeded on the surface of the decellularized cornea and examined after H&E staining.· RESULTS: All three methods of decellularization reduced the number of keratocytes in the stromal tissue by >80% while the collagen structure remained preserved. No remaining nuclei stained positive for Gal or NeuGc, and expression of these oligosaccharides on collagen was also greatly decreased compared to expression on fresh corneas. Human IgM/IgG binding to decellularized corneal tissue was considerably reduced compared to fresh corneal tissue. The cultured CECs formed a confluent monolayer on the surface of decellularized tissue.· CONCLUSION: Though incomplete, the significant reduction in the cellular component of the decellularized cornea should be associated with a significantly reduced in vivo immune response compared to fresh corneas.

关键词： cornea decellularization immuneresponse pig xenotransplantation

Risk factors and prevention of biliary anastomotic complications in adult living donor liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第31期13卷 4236-4241页

作者： Satoshi Yamamoto Yoshinobu Sato Hiroshi Oya Hideki Nakatsuka Takashi Kobayashi Yoshiaki hara Takaoki Watanabe Isao Kurosaki Katsuyoshi Hatakeyama Division of Digestive and General Surgery Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan

To evaluate risk factors of biliary anastomotic complications （BACs） and outcomes according to type of biliary reconstruction. METHODS： A total of 33 consecutive adult living donor liver transplantation （LDLT） were reviewed, 17 of which had undergone Duct-to-Duct anastomosis （D-D）. The remaining 16 patients received Roux-en-Y anastomosis （R-Y）. The perioperative factors, such as the type of graft and the number of graft bile ducts, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS： The overall incidence of BACs was 39.4%. The incidence of BACs was significantly higher in the patients with than without neoadjuvant chemotherapy （71.4% vs 10%, P = 0.050）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of biliary leakage in patients with D-D vs. those with R-Y. The incidence of biliary strictures following the healing of biliary leakage was significantly higher in D-D （60%） than in R-Y （0%）（P = 0.026）. However, the incidence of BACs related bacteremia was significantly higher in R-Y than in D-D （71.4% vs 0%, P = 0.008）. In D-D, use of T-tube stent remarkably reduced the incidence of 8ACs, compared with straight tube stent （0% vs 50%, P = 0.049）. CONCLUSION： Our experience showed an increase of BACs related bacteremia in the patients with R-Y. Therefore, D-D might be a preferred biliary reconstruction. However, the surgical refinement of D-D should be required because of the high incidence of biliary strictures. Use of the T-tube stent might lead to a significant reduction of BACs in D-D.

关键词： Living donor Liver transplantation Biliaryanastomotic complication Duct-to-Duct anastomosis Roux-en-Y anastomosis

Anti-inflammatory activity of probiotic Bifidobacterium: Enhancement of IL-10 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ulcerative colitis patients and inhibition of IL-8 secretion in HT-29 cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第16期14卷 2511-2516页

作者： Akemi Imaoka Tatsuichiro Shima Kimitoshi Kato Shigeaki Mizuno Toshiki Uehara Satoshi Matsumoto Hiromi Setoyama Taeko hara Yoshinori Umesaki Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research Yaho Kunitachi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nihon University School of Medicine

AIM: To determine the anti-inflammatory activity of probiotic Bifidobacteria in Bifidobacteria-fermented milk (BFM) which is effective against active ulcerative colitis (UC) and exacerbations of UC, and to explore the immunoregulatory mechanisms. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from UC patients or HT-29 cells were co-cultured with heat-killed probiotic bacteria or culture supernatant of Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult (BbrY) or Bifidobacterium bifidum strain Yakult (BbiY) to estimate the amount of IL-10 or IL-8 secreted. RESULTS: Both strains of probiotic Bifidobacteria contained in the BFM induced IL-10 production in PBMNC from UC patients, though BbrY was more effective than BbiY. Conditioned medium (CM) and DNA of both strains inhibited IL-8 secretion in HT-29 cells stimulated with TNF-α, whereas no such effect was observed with heat- killed bacteria. The inhibitory effect of CM derived from BbiY was greater than that of CM derived from BbrY. DNAs of the two strains had a comparable inhibitory activity against the secretion of IL-8. CM of BbiY induced a repression of IL-8 gene expression with a higher expression of IκB-ζ mRNA 4 h after culture of HT-29 cells compared to that in the absence of ***: Probiotic Bifidobacterium strains in BFM enhance IL-10 production in PBMNC and inhibit IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that BFM has anti-inflammatory effects against ulcerative colitis.

关键词： Bifidobacterium Ulcerative colitis Anti-inflammatory Intedeukin-10 Interleukin-8

Induction of diabetes in cynomolgus monkey with one shot of analytical grade streptozotocin

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2020年第1期3卷 79-86页

作者： Zhengzhao Liu Ying Lu Wenbao Hu Hidetaka hara Yifan Dai Zhiming Cai Lisha Mou Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center Institute of Translational MedicineShenzhen Second People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityHealth Science CenterShenzhenChina Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina Xenotransplantation Program/Department of Surgery The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA

Backgrounds:Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic monkey is a wide used preclinical animal model for the investigation of diabetes such as islet transplantation and development of diabetic *** are serious side effects of this method,including nausea,emesis,weight loss,liver damage,renal failure,and metabolic *** order to reduce the side effects,diabetic monkeys were induced using clinicalgrade ***,clinical-grade STZ is not available in ***,we establised a method by using 100 mg/kg analytical-grade STZ to induce complete diabetes in cynomolgus monkey without generating adverse effects to liver and ***:Three cynomolgus monkeys were used in this study.100 mg/kg STZ dissolved in normal saline and infused through vein line in 5 minutes after indwelling catheter in the carotid artery and jugular *** the STZ administration,blood glucose levels were examined every 1 or 2 hours in the first 48 ***,blood glucose levels were examined twice per day during the first week after the STZ *** and C-peptide levels were measured by *** chemistry of hepatic and renal function tests were *** and glucagon expression in the islet of diabetic monkey and normal monkey were examined by immunohistochemistry ***:The stimulated C-peptide level(Intravenous glucose tolerance test)which is less than 0.5 ng/mL,the triphasic blood glucose response and the destroyed β cell suggested the complete induction of diabetes *** apparent adverse effects were observed including no signs of vomiting and toxicity after STZ ***:In summary,we established a safe and reproducible STZ-induced diabetic cynomolgus monkey model for islet transplantation which will be used to develop novel approaches for the treatment of diabetes.

关键词： analytical grade diabetic model nonhuman primate STZ

强调理解国民账户体系和投入产出结构框架的重要性,将卫星账户核算方法作为旅游和文化产业的全球核算标准

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旅游学刊 2016年第4期31卷 3-5页

作者： Tadayuki hara Rosen College of Hospitality Management University of Central Florida

酒店及旅游管理行业中的很多人都听说过旅游卫星账户（TSA）,但很少有人知道投入产出（I-O）模型、社会核算矩阵（SAM）以及国民账户体系（SNA）。国民账户体系（SNA）是当前全球性的法定标准,是世界各国用于测量国家经济活动中重要基... 详细信息

酒店及旅游管理行业中的很多人都听说过旅游卫星账户（TSA）,但很少有人知道投入产出（I-O）模型、社会核算矩阵（SAM）以及国民账户体系（SNA）。国民账户体系（SNA）是当前全球性的法定标准,是世界各国用于测量国家经济活动中重要基准数据的一种方法,如国民生产总值（GDP）等。国民账户体系是完全嵌入在投入产出（I-O）模型框架中的。

关键词：国民账户旅游和文化核算标准核算方法产出结构旅游卫星账户模型框架旅游管理基准数据经济活动

Association of Oral Diadochokinesis, Physical Function and Swallowing Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly People

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Advances in Aging Research 2022年第1期11卷 16-25页

作者： Kumiko Sakaguchi Shuichi hara Department of Department of Speech Language and Hearing Therapy Faculty of Health Sciences Mejiro University Saitama Japan School of Health Science Kyusyu University of Health and Welfare Miyazaki Japan

Objective: Oral diadochokinesis (ODK) has been shown to be associated with oral frailty. In this study, we investigate the relationship between physical function, swallowing function, nutritional evaluation, and each syllable of ODK. Methods: The subjects are 26 elderly people living in an area where they can walk. ODK, tongue pressure, modified water swallowing test, EAT-10, grip strength, MNA-SF, skeletal muscle index, height, weight, and BMI were evaluated. For statistical analysis based on ODK values, the subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of the number of times the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were repeated: 1) The first group with >6 repetitions exceeded six; 2) the second group with ≤5 repetitions. Both groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (Model 1). In addition, the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were also divided among the groups and a comparison was performed (Model 2). Results: In Model 1, the tongue pressure value was significantly higher in the good group (p Conclusion: In community-dwelling elderly people, tongue pressure was positively associated with ODK values for the syllables /pa/ and /ta/, suggesting that tongue pressure may be associated with strength of the lip and tongue tip muscles. Furthermore, it was suggested that the ODK values may even be lower than normal values in the elderly who maintain skeletal muscle mass and thus have adequate tongue pressure;therefore, these indicators may be used as a guideline to assess oral frailty.

关键词： Oral Frailty Oral Diadochokinesis Community-Dwelling Elderly Swallowing Function Physical Function