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Measurement of shear wave velocities coupled with an evaluation of elasticity using ARFI elastography in diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2013年第4期3卷 178-182页

作者： Ryuhei Okada masami Suzuki Koji Takeuchi Hiroyuki Horikoshi Atsunobu Tsunoda Department of Head and Neck Surgery Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center Gunma Japan Department of Otolaryngology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan Department of Radiological Diagnosis Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center Gunma Japan

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of measuring the shear wave velocities (Vs) of thyroid nodules in diagnosis of the thyroid carcinoma. Using Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification (VTTQ) of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography (ACUSON S2000®, Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA), we measured the Vs of thyroid nodules in 39 nodules from 34 patients (four males and 30 females) before surgery. Elasticity itself was also estimated by VTTI (Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging) using ARFI. The average Vs of normal thyroid tissue was 2.24 ± 0.68 m/s. Twenty-three out of 39 nodules showed an average 2.52 ± 1.33 m/s. However, 16 other nodules showed “*** m/s”. These 16 nodules showed either “black” or “honeycomb” patterns of elasticity in VTTI. This value suggested that the Vs of these nodules were too fast or heterogenous to measure by this device. After the surgery, the pathologies of these nodules were revealed to be papillary carcinoma (21 cases), adenomatous goiter (11), follicular carcinoma (4), follicular adenoma (2) and follicular lymphoma (1). Five papillary carcinomas were found within adenomatous goiters. Nodules from four follicular carcinomas showed average Vs of 1.92 ± 0.48 m/s, while two follicular adenomas and follicular lymphoma showed 2.19 ± 0.06 and 2.34 m/s respectively. Nodules of adenomatous goiter showed 2.14 ± 0.60 m/s. On the other hand, nodules from five out of 21 papillary carcinomas showed average Vs of 4.00 ± 2.37 m/s. In the nodules of 16 papillary carcinomas, Vs were measured as “*** m/s” and this value was only observed in nodules of papillary carcinoma. These data reflected high and/or heterogenous elasticity of papillary carcinoma, in other words, the tissue of papillary carcinoma was hard and/or heterogenous. It was notable that the Vs value of “*** m/s” strongly suggested papillary carcinoma.

关键词： ARFI Elastography Thyroid Thyroid Nodule

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Chemical characteristics of size-resolved aerosols in winter in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第8期26卷 1641-1650页

作者： Kang Sun Yu Qu Qiong Wu Tingting Han Jianwei Gu Jingjing Zhao Yele Sun Qi Jiang Ziqi Gao Min Hu Yuanhang Zhang Keding Lu Stephan Nordmann Yafang Cheng Li Hou Hui Ge masami Furuuchi Mitsuhiko Hata Xingang Liu State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal University College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Environmental Science Center University of Augsburg School of Foreign Languages China University of Political Science and Law School of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Multiphase Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control Engineering Graduate School of Natural Science & TechnologyKanazawa University

Size-resolved aerosols were continuously collected by a Nano Sampler for 13 days at an urban site in Beijing during winter 2012 to measure the chemical composition of ambient aerosol particles. Data collected by the Nano Sampler and an ACSM（Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor） were compared. Between the data sets,similar trends and strong correlations were observed,demonstrating the validity of the Nano Sampler. PM10 and PM2.5concentrations during the measurement were 150.5 ± 96.0 μg/m3（mean ± standard variation）and 106.9 ± 71.6 μg/m3,respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.70 ± 0.10,indicating that PM2.5dominated PM10. The aerosol size distributions showed that three size bins of 0.5–1,1–2.5 and 2.5–10 μm contributed 21.8%,23.3% and 26.0% to the total mass concentration（TMC）,respectively. OM（organic matter） and SIA（secondary ionic aerosol,mainly SO42-,NO3-and NH4＋） were major components of PM2.5. Secondary compounds（SIA and secondary organic carbon） accounted for half of TMC（about 49.8%） in PM2.5,and suggested that secondary aerosols significantly contributed to the serious particulate matter pollution observed in winter. Coal burning,biomass combustion,vehicle emissions and SIA were found to be the main sources of PM2.5. Mass concentrations of water-soluble ions and undetected materials,as well as their fractions in TMC,strikingly increased with deteriorating particle pollution conditions,while OM and EC（elemental carbon） exhibited different variations,with mass concentrations slightly increasing but fractions in TMC decreasing.

关键词： Aerosol Size distribution Chemical characteristics Beijing

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Factors that affect the process of professional identity formation in public health nurses

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Open Journal of Nursing 2013年第1期3卷 8-15页

作者： Mika Okura Miyoko Uza Hisako Izumi masami Ohno Hidenori Arai Kazuko Saeki Department of Human Health Sciences Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan Department of Site Management Organization Sehma Co. Ltd. Fukui Japan Faculty of Health Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the process of professional identity formation and the factors that affect the process in public health nurses (PHNs). Methods: We performed an inductive qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews of 65 PHNs. Results: At years 1 - 5, PHNs did not have a professional self-identity. Therefore, it was important for them to recognize the significance of their own work. At years 6 - 10, PHNs acquired self-assurance as a practitioner through feedback from residents. It was important for them to have a better understanding, broader viewpoints and more affection for their own community. At years 11 - 20, PHNs felt ambivalent toward the challenges and heavy responsibilities based on the objective assessment of their jobs and roles. PHNs felt embarrassed by role changes when they became a manager or an expert. It was important for them to become aware of their new role through managerial education and training. However, some PHNs who were unable to establish a clear PHN identity experienced setbacks at each developmental stage. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a differential approach dependent on the stage and level of confidence in an individual’s PHN identity is required for the formation of PHN identity.

关键词： Professional Identity Public Health Nurse Professionalism Career Development

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Characterization of Yeasts Capable of Neutralizing Acidic Media from Natural Neutral Environments

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Advances in Microbiology 2017年第12期7卷 887-897页

作者： Shintaro Nagaoka Takako Kobayashi Yuko Kajiwara Masahiko Okai masami Ishida Naoto Urano Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry Department of Ocean Sciences Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan

Acid-tolerant yeasts often inhabit extremely acidic environments: mine drain-ages, hot springs, and even fermented foods. Some of them also possess the ability to neutralize acidic media. However, the examples of these yeasts that are already known were isolated from acidic environments. In this study, the isolation of acid-tolerant yeasts from natural neutral aquatic environments and the identification of yeasts able to neutralize an acidic medium (acid-neutralizing yeast) in Japan were carried out. Various kinds of acid-tolerant and acid-neutralizing yeasts were obtained. In a neutralizing test using an acidic casamino acid solution adjusted to a pH of 4.0 with sulfuric acid, the obtained acid-neutralizing yeasts elevated the pH to approximately 7.0, and their neutralizing abilities were similar to those of previously reported yeasts that had been isolated from acidic environments. These results showed that acid-tolerant yeasts and acid-neutralizing yeasts exist widely in neutral environments, and little difference was found in the neutralizing abilities of yeasts obtained from neutral environments in comparison to those obtained from acidic environments.

关键词： Acid-Tolerant Yeast Acidic Environment Hydrosphere Neutralization Yeast Species

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Molecular Phylogeny and Phenotypic Characterization of Yeasts with a Broad Range of pH Tolerance Isolated from Natural Aquatic Environments

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第1期9卷 56-73页

作者： Naoto Urano Ayaka Shirao Yuka Naito Masahiko Okai masami Ishida Masachika Takashio Department of Ocean Sciences Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Zensho Laboratories of Food Technology Zensho Holdings Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan

In this study, yeasts with broad range of pH tolerance were isolated and characterized from natural aquatic environments in Japan. Only a few basic and application studies of alkali-tolerant yeasts have been reported, despite the unmet industrial needs. First, we surveyed alkali-tolerant yeasts from natural aquatic environments at pH 7.6 - 9.4. We isolated 35 yeast strains that grew in pH 9.0 medium, from seven genera and nine species: 25 strains (N1, N2, through N6, N9, K1, K3 through K19) were Rhodotorula mucilaginosa;one (N7) was Rhodosporidium fluvial;one (N8) was Scheffersomyces spartinae;two (N10 and N13) were Wicherhamonyces anomalus;one (N11) was Cyberlindnera saturnus;one (S1) was Candida sp.;two (S2 and S4) were Candida intermedia;one (S3) was Candida quercuum;and one (K2) was Cryptococcus liquefacience. We examined the effects of pH on the growth of representative yeast strains. Strains K12 and S4 showed high growth at pH 3 - 10. Strains N7, N8, N10, N11, and S3 showed high growth at pH 3 - 9. Strains K2 and S1 showed high growth at pH 4 - 8. All nine of these strains had neutralizing activities from acidic media at pH 3 - 5 to pH 6 - 8. We previously isolated acid-tolerant yeasts (Cryptococcus sp. T1 [1] and Candida intermedia CeA16 [2]) from extremely acidified environments;they showed high growth at pH 3 - 9 and neutralizing activities of acidic media by releasing ammonium ions. Thus, alkali-tolerant yeasts and acid-tolerant yeasts were found to be similar species and have both high growth at a broad range of pH and neutralizing activities of acid media. Previously, we also isolated acid-tolerant, acid-neutralizing yeasts from neutral natural environments (26 strains, 12 species) [3]. Next, we constructed the phylogenetic trees of both acid-tolerant yeasts and alkali-tolerant yeasts. All were situated in the same classification position. Similar yeast species with a broad range of pH tolerance were living in natural aquatic environments at pH values fr

关键词： pH Tolerance Yeast Species Aquatic Environment Phylogenetic Tree Fermentation

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Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Imaging of Soft Tissue by Using Laue Diffraction Optical System

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2018年第3期8卷 54-63页

作者： Ge Jin Kenichi Okamura Yoshifumi Suzuki Yong Sun Yoshinori Chikaura masami Ando Department of Applied Science for Integrated System Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu Japan Research Institute for Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan

We performed a feasibility study of Small angle X-ray scattering imaging under the condition of X-ray bright field imaging by Laue crystal diffraction optics of X-ray dark-field imaging that works as an angular analysis. Collagen in chicken tibia containing abundant soft fibrous tissue was chosen as a specimen. In traditional Small angle X-ray scattering optical system, we can derive the structure information of sample by calculating q value which is available from a scattering pattern. Thus it is usually necessary to conduct a 2D scan in order to obtain scattering image. In this paper it is described by a method by which not only small angle X-ray scattering imaging is available directly but also bright-field imaging and dark-field imaging can be obtained at the same time. As the first step, the feasibility of the imaging method should be confirmed by taking pictures of the samples with known periodic length. The preliminary test showed that the collgan’s lattice spacing d is 65.1 nm that was also taken photos by scanning electron microscopy. By rotating Laue angular analyzer by 112 arcseconds small angle X-ray scattering image appeared in bright-field.

关键词： XDFI SAXS Synchrotron Radiation Soft Tissue

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Liver involvement in systemic infection

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World Journal of Hepatology 2014年第9期6卷 632-642页

作者： masami Minemura Kazuto Tajiri Yukihiro Shimizu The Third Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Toyama Gastroenterology Unit Nanto Municipal Hospital

The liver is often involved in systemic infections,resulting in various types of abnormal liver function test *** particular,hyperbilirubinemia in the range of 2-10 mg/dL is often seen in patients with sepsis,and several mechanisms for this phenomenon have been *** this review,we summarize how the liver is involved in various systemic infections that are not considered to be primarily *** most patients with systemic infections,treatment for the invading microbes is enough to normalize the liver function ***,some patients may show severe liver injury or fulminant hepatic failure,requiring intensive treatment of the liver.

关键词： Liver dysfunction Liver function test Systemic infection Immunology Liver failure

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Effect of Acid Species on <i>Cryptococcus</i>sp. T1 and Construction of Its Bioreactor System for Continuous Neutralization of Acidic Media

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第1期9卷 74-86页

作者： Shintaro Nagaoka Yuko Yuko Kajiwara Sayaka Toyama Masahiko Okai masami Ishida Naoto Urano Department of Ocean Science Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Japan

Generally, the tolerance of yeasts to acid is stronger than that of bacteria. In addition, some of the yeasts are able to neutralize acidic media, which is called acid-neutralizing yeast. An acid-neutralizing yeast, Cryptococcus sp. strain T1, was previously isolated from Lake Tazawa in Japan. Here we investigated the effect of several types of acid on the neutralizing ability of strain T1, and we improved an existing bioreactor model to effectively neutralize acidic water. First we carried out a neutralizing test with strain T1 using casamino acid solution adjusted to pH 3.0 - 5.0 with each inorganic or organic acid. The solutions adjusted to pH 3.0 with nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and citric acid were neutralized by strain T1. The pH 3.0 solutions with lactic acid, formic acid, and acetic acid were not neutralized. These results demonstrated that some types of organic acid avoid neutralization by strain T1, and we hypothesized that this might be due to the sterilizing function of non-dissociative organic acid. We then constructed a bioreactor system with a column filled with T1-immobilized alginate beads. The previous research identified a problem in this bioreactor system: the high level of ammonium ions (NH+4) in the neutralized water might pollute water environments, and aluminum ions (Al3+) included in acidic water prevent the neutralization. Here, we used zeolite to get rid of the NH+4 and Al3+, and the addition of a zeolite reactor enabled the bioreactor system to neutralize the acidic water with a decrease of NH+4 in the water.

关键词： Acid-Tolerant Yeast Acid-Neutralizing Yeast Bioreactor Organic Acid Zeolite

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癌症的时间生物学:治疗癌症的时间重要吗?(英文)

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基础医学与临床 2005年第4期25卷 289-330页

作者： William J M Hrushesky Jovelyn Du-Quiton masami Ohmori Patricia A.Wood Medical ChronoBiology Laboratroy WJB Dorn VA Medical CenterSC29209USAMedical ChronoBiology LaboratroyWJB Dorn VA Medical CenterSC29209USAMedical ChronoBiology LaboratroyWJB Dorn VA Medical CenterSC29209USAMedical ChronoBiology LaboratroyWJB Dorn VA Medical CenterSC29209USA

我们周围的世界是一个已知有生命进化的世界,一个在不停变化的世界.这些变化多数是周期性的.这些周期性动态变化起源于地球、太阳和月亮之间有规律的时空关系,这种关系正是节律产生的本质.日夜的交替、日照时间的季节性变化以及由于过... 详细信息

我们周围的世界是一个已知有生命进化的世界,一个在不停变化的世界.这些变化多数是周期性的.这些周期性动态变化起源于地球、太阳和月亮之间有规律的时空关系,这种关系正是节律产生的本质.日夜的交替、日照时间的季节性变化以及由于过强或过弱的寻常节律导致的突发性气候变化,所有这些使得地球生命节律得以产生(火星生命尚未深入研究).这些近乎完美的节律变化引起了每日两次(昼夜)和每月一次(月经)的生命节律及相呼应的复杂生理变化.这些信息均已被深深地编入在我们的基因密码中.还有更低频率的节律,如:反映太阳黑子活动的规律(周期为10.5年)及世纪性周期或更长周期的节律,如气候的变更.所有这些节律都具有生物学意义.过去30年中,这些节律对健康、对疾病和宿主间平衡的影响已日显明朗.这些概念早在三世纪前的西方医学中就已经发现,在几千年前的中国传统医学中就有描述和应用.中医的因时施治和时令用药等正合此理.该文通过深入的理论探讨和详实的实验数据阐述了在认识、预防、诊断和治疗癌症时要仔细地考虑时间的科学基础,也为这方面的中医理论提供了现代科学的依据.时间生物学(chronobiology)是一门研究生物现象节律性变化的科学.这种动态生物学研究揭示的是在生物物理和生物化学过程中,以时间为基础的变化规律.最常见的生物节律按其周期的长短有3种:以(24±4)h为周期的昼夜节律,以(30±7)d为周期的月节律,和以(12±2)月为周期的年节律.目前,对昼夜生物节律现象研究的最多,对其生物学意义了解也最深.生物节律最基本的特性有:①内源性和遗传性;②外界刺激可调节生物节律;③在没有外界时间相关信息提示时仍可保持节律性.机体内的生物钟是维持这些节律的基本结构,下丘脑的视交叉上核是这个时间中枢的所在.外界环境,如光线或日照每天都对这个时间中枢进行调整,并进而影响机体的许多生理功能,如睡眠、体温、激素分泌及细胞增殖周期等,使得健康机体中这些生理过程都维持着显著的昼夜周期性节律.不适当外界环境刺激,尤其是长期在夜间暴露于强光之下(如从事护士和娱乐业的人员),可导致机体生物钟的持续紊乱.这种持续的紊乱可导致睡眠紊乱、激素分泌失衡、精神状态失调及冠心病等.近来流行病学调查还发现这种紊乱和乳腺癌、结肠癌的发病有关.生物体内存在维持时间节律的分子机制,这就是生物钟基因.它存在于生物钟中枢及每一个外周组织中.机体的时间节律正是由这些生物钟基因及受其调控的相关基因(钟控基因,约占人基因的10%～15%)的协同表达所致.目前已知正常增生活跃的组织中,DNA合成和细胞分裂都具有明显的昼夜周期性节律.其中以对骨髓、肠道粘膜研究得最多,因为这两个组织对许多细胞毒化疗药物都很敏感,造成它们损伤的程度是许多化疗药物及放疗应用受限的原因.癌组织也有昼夜时间节律,这表现在:①它在宿主体内的生长有时间节律;②癌细胞的增生和凋亡受生物钟基因调控;③同一种抗癌药物,在某些时间给药可能是有效的,而在另外一些时间给药则不仅无效反而造成对正常组织损伤.临床的随机抽样调查表明只要用药时间适当,细胞毒化疗药物的毒性可以减弱,药物的剂量可以加大,治疗效果可以改善,癌症病人的生存可以延长.对人体癌细胞在一天中某一时刻、处于某一细胞周期阶段的细胞比例的研究,目前仍需要系列地采集一天内不同时段的组织标本来完成.我们曾对一例恶性表皮癌及周边正常皮肤进行了系列的、跨24小时的研究.结果表明病人在日常光照环境中,其癌症及正常表皮细胞的分裂都是有规律的、时多时少的过程.这种动态的昼夜变化节律毫无疑问在癌症的化疗和放疗中有很大应用价值. 动物和临床实验已证明调整用药时间的重要性和可行性.有一个典型的动物实验可证明药物毒性和用药时间的关系.如果连续6 d在白天或其睡眠期给小鼠注射一定剂量的阿拉伯糖苷(arcC),只有15%的小鼠会因药物毒性而死亡;而如果在晚上或其活动期注射同样剂量的药物,则小鼠的死亡率会增加至75%.用表阿霉素(doxorubicin)和顺铂(cisplatin)治疗晚期卵巢癌的临床研究是另一个例子.对病人采用晚间注射表阿霉素和早晨注射顺铂的治疗方案产生副作用的机率明显高于采用早晨注射表阿霉素和晚间注射顺铂的方案.5氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)的抗癌疗效和副作用的产生也有很强的时间依赖性.对这种时间依赖性的机制现已有所了解.二氢嘧啶脱氢酶(DPD)是氟嘧啶代谢的限速酶,它可以将5-Fu及代谢衍生物转化成无细胞毒性的产物而排出体外.研究表明DPD在大鼠肝脏中的表达是有昼夜节律的,正是DPD在肝脏有节律地代谢、清除5-Fu及代谢衍生物才使得5-Fu的疗效和副作用有很强的时间依赖性.抗癌药物的发展是一个复杂、代价高昂和充满冒险的过程.许多化合物或衍生物被设计、合成或生产,这些备选药物可能针对细胞周期的不同阶段或机制,其中很多备选药物在层

关键词：治疗癌症时间生物学太阳黑子活动中国传统医学生命节律季节性变化生物学意义生命进化动态变化气候变化日照时间生理变化节律变化基因密码西方医学因时施治实验数据理论探讨科学基础现代科学中医理论

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Ethanol Fermentation by High-Stress-Tolerance Aquatic Yeasts and Their Mutants

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第11期11卷 616-629页

作者： Naoto Urano masami Ishida Yuka Naito Rintaro Endo Toshinori Takei Masachika Takashio Masahiko Okai Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry Department of Ocean Sciences Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Zensho Laboratories of Food Technology Zensho Holdings Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan

Bioethanol is thought to be a renewable source of energy, because the biomasses used to make ethanol, such as sugar cane and its residual substance, molasses, are resources that can be continuously produced. But the practical use of ethanol to replace fossil fuels or atomic energy has been limited, because the production efficiencies of ethanol in relation to its substrates are not so high. Thus, for industrial production of the bioethanol, yeast fermentation would ideally be carried out in biomasses containing more highly concentrated carbohydrates. However, the environmental stresses in highly concentrated cultures might weaken the yeast’s physiological activities. From various kinds of aquatic yeast with stress tolerance, Torulaspora derbrueckii F2-11 and Wicherhamomyces anomalus AN2-64 were selected as candidates for high-sugar-tolerance yeasts as they showed remarkable growth in the YPD + sorbitol (600 g/L) medium at 25°C for 120 hrs. When the amounts and kinds of sugar alcohols in the cells of the two strains were measured in cultures containing 20 g/L or 400 g/L of D-glucose, maltose, or sucrose, the main two sugar alcohols that accumulated as the sugar concentration increased were glycerol and arabitol. Mutation by ethyl methanesulfonate of the parent strains T. derbrueckii F2-11 and W. anomalus AN2-64 induced mutants F2-11M or AN2-64M, which showed higher sugar, heat, and ethanol tolerances than their respective parents. Ethanol productivities and sugar assimilation activities of the mutants were also higher than those of the parents in the 25% (v/v) molasses.

关键词： Ethanol Fermentation Stress Tolerance Aquatic Yeast Mutant Ethyl

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