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Field survey of a sustainable sanitation system in a residential house

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第6期18卷 1088-1093页

作者： Naoko NAKAGAWA masahiro OTAKI Shinji MIURA Hironobu HAMASUNA Katsuyoshi ISHIZAKI Department of Human Environmental Sciences Ochanomizu University2-1-1OtsukaBunkyo-KuTokyo 112-8610Japan. City Maintenance Technical Research Center 2-9-23ShinjuShinjuku-KuTokyo 160-0023Japan Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science 536Abama-choNagasaki-shiNagasaki Pref.851-0123Japan Research Institute for a Sustainable Future Waseda University513 Tsurumaki-ChouWasedaShinjuku-KuTokyo 169-8050Japan

Sustainable sanitation is an approach for more ecological and sustainable water resources management. In this paper, we proposed one of the new integrated waste treatment systems： an ＂sustainable sanitation system＂ that includes separation of the black water from water system by a non-flushing toilet （bio-toilet）, and a gray water treatment based on a biological and ecological concept. Sustainable sanitation system also converts the domestic waste to soil conditioners and fertilizers, for farmland use. As one of the case studies, Environmentally Symbiotic Housing in which people actually live using the bio-toilet for the black water treatment and the household wastewater treatment facility for the gray water was introduced. The availability of this system was investigated by analyzing the sawdust used in the bio-toilet and the quality of the effluent in the household wastewater treatment facility. As the result, the water content of the sawdust did not exceed 60% in any of the sampling points and the BOD and COD of the effluent of the household wastewater treatment facility were below 10 and 20 mg/L respectively, due to the low loading. Compared to the pollution load on the water environment created by the conventional system, it was found that the effluent of the house has a lower load than the tertiary treatment and the volume of the water consumption is 75% of the conventional system.

关键词： bio-toilet pollution load sustainable sanitation system water consumption

Correlation between choroidal thickness and intraocular pressure after 23-gauge vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第11期11卷 1774-1778页

作者： masahiro Ishida Takashi Wakakuri Yutaka Imamura Department of Ophthalmology Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital Mizonokuchi

AIM： To determine the relationship between the subfoveal choroidal thickness（CT） and intraocular pressure（IOP） following idiopathic epiretinal membrane（ERM） ***： Retrospective observational case series of patients who had undergone 23-gauge vitrectomy for an ERM. The measurements of CT and IOP were done at the baseline and 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after the ***： Forty-four eyes of 43 patients with a mean age of 69.8±9.5 y were studied. The CT was 200.8±86.3 μm at the baseline, 210.1±83.5 μm at 1 d, 213.2±85.4 μm at 1 wk, 203.1±84.0 μm at 1 mo, 197.5±85.5 μm at 3 mo, 197.7±84.0 μm at 6 mo, and 191.2±86.8 μm at 12 mo after surgery. The CT on day 1 and week 1 after the surgery was significantly thicker than that at the baseline CT（P=0.0023 and P〈0.0001）. The CT at 12 mo after surgery was significantly thinner than the baseline（P=0.0062）. The IOP on day 1 and week 1 were significantly lower than the baseline（P〈0.0001 and P=0.0042）. The IOP at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after surgery were significantly higher than the baseline IOP（P=0.0087, P=0.0023, P〈0.00051, and P〈0.0001）. The rates of changes in the CT between baseline and day 1 and week 1 were significantly and negatively correlated with the rates of change in the IOP（P〈0.0001 and P=0.046）. In the group with the IOP change rate of-30% or less at 1 d postoperatively, the change rate of CT was-21.1% to 31.2%（9.8%±12.4%） and in the group of-29% or more, it was-8.9% to 28.0%（2.6%±8.9%）. The change rate of CT in the group with the IOP change rate of-30% or less was significantly higher than the group of-29% or more（P=0.016）.CONCLUSION： CT increases soon after the ERM surgery which is probably due to the transient hypotony, showing that IOP may be a significant confounding factor for CT.

关键词： choroidal thickness vitrectomy intraocular pressure epiretinal membrane

Structural and Spectral Studies of Some Geometric Isomers of N-Pivaloyl-Nˊ-dichlorophenyl Thiourea

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2013年第3期32卷 349-356页

作者： Muhammad Khawar Rauf masahiro Ebihara Sarwat Sultana Amin Badshah Department of Chemistry Quaid-I-Azam University Department of Chemistry Faculty of EngineeringGifu University Yanagido

N-pivaloyl-Nˊ-（3,4-dichlorophenyl）thiourea （1）： monoclinic, P21/a, a=11.57（1）, b=9.278（8）, c=13.51（1）, β=103.85（1）°, V=1408（2）3 , Z=4, μ=0.598 mm-1 ; N-pivaloyl-N＇-（3,5- dichlorophenyl）thiourea （2）： monoclinic, P21/a, a=7.176（2）, b=16.441（4）, c=11.923（2）, β=92.48（1）°, V=1405.3（6）3 , Z=4, μ=0.600 mm-1 ; N-pivaloyl-Nˊ-（2,6-dichlorophenyl）thiourea （3）： orthorhombic, Pnma, a=26.79（1）, b=8.780（4）, c=5.955（3）, V=1400.7（11）3 , Z=4, μ=0.601 mm-1 . All three complexes have an intramolecular hydrogen bond between NˊH and the carbonyl oxygen. Solution 1H NMR studies （CDCl3） show the NH resonance considerable downfield for each thiourea and their positions, as well as that of NH, is affected by substituents on the phenyl ring.

关键词： pivaloyl thioureas single-crystal XRD-studies hydrogen bonds spectral studies mirror plane

New method for long-term monitoring of intragastric pH

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第47期13卷 6410-6413页

作者： Shouko Ono Mototsugu Kato Yuji Ono masahiro Asaka Division of Endoscopy Hokkaido University HospitalSapporo 060-8648Japan Department of Gastroenterology Hokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporo 060-8648Japan

AIM: Consecutive monitoring of intragastric pH using the Bravo? capsule. METHODS: We put threads through a Bravo? capsule and then affixed it to the gastric wall by endoscopic hemoclipping in seven subjects. Study data were uploaded to a computer via Datalink every 48 h. In this way,repeated monitoring of intragastric pH was undertaken. RESULTS: All subjects were able to monitor gastric pH over a 1-wk period,and five for > 2 wk. No complications were encountered during the monitoring. After pH monitoring,we safely retrieved the capsule endoscopically. CONCLUSION: Clipping a Bravo? capsule onto the gastric wall enabled long-term intragastric pH monitoring. This is a methodological report of pH monitoring over a period of > 2 wk.

关键词： Gastric pH Ambulatory monitoring Bravo system

Accelerated biodegradation of nitrophenols in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 800-807页

作者： Risky Ayu Kristanti masahiro Kanbe Tadashi Toyama Yasuhiro Tanaka Kazuhiro Mori Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi 4-3-11 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi 400-8511 Japan

We investigated the biodegradation of 2-nitrophenol （2-NP）, 4-nitrophenol （4-NP）, and 2,4-dinitrophenol （2,4-DNP） in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza plants by conducting degradation experiments with three river water samples supplemented with each nitrophenol （NP）. We then isolated NP-degrading bacteria both from the S. polyrrhiza roots and from the river water. In the river water samples, removal of the three NP was accelerated in the presence of S. polyrrhiza plants. The three NPs persisted in an autoclaved solution with sterile plants suggests that NP removal was accelerated largely by bacterial NP biodegradation rather than by adsorption and uptake by the plants. We isolated 8 strains of NP-degrading bacteria： 6 strains from the S. polyrrhiza roots and 2 strains from river water without the plants. The 2-NP- and 2,4-DNP-degrading bacteria were isolated only from the S. polyrrhiza roots. The 4-NP- degrading bacteria different from those isolated from the river water samples were also found on S. polyrrhiza roots. The 2-NP- and 4-NP-degrading strains isolated from the roots utilized the corresponding NP （0.5 mmol/L） as the sole carbon and energy source. The 2,4-DNP-degrading strains isolated from the roots showed substantial 2,4-DNP-degrading activity, but the presence of other carbon and energy sources was required for their growth. The isolated NP-degrading bacteria from the roots must have contributed to the accelerated degradation of the three NPs in the rhizosphere of S. polyrrhiza. Our results suggested that rhizoremediation with S. polyrrhiza may be effective for NP-contaminated surface water.

关键词： Spirodela polyrrhiza rhizosphere nitrophenol biodegradation

Clarification of the dispersion mechanism of three typical chemical dispersants in lithium-ion battery (LIB) slurry

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Particuology 2023年第9期80卷 90-102页

作者： Zhilong Wang Zehua Wang Xiaodong Liu Xiayi Liu Tong Zhao masahiro Takei Faculty of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an710048China Division of Artificial Systems Science Graduate School of EngineeringChiba UniversityChiba2638522Japan

This paper mainly clarified the dispersion mechanism of three typical chemical dispersants which are polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether(Triton X-100,T-100),polyethylene pyrrolidone(PVP)and carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)within lithium-ion battery(LIB)***,the optimum amounts of T-100,PVP and CMC are selected from 0%,0.5%,1.5%and 2.5%by evaluating the impedance of LIB slurry in the case of adding each typical chemical dispersant with EIS ***,the impedance spectrum of three different slurry samples which are PVDF-NMP solution,LiCoO_(2) slurry and Carbon Black(CB)slurry with the optimum amount of each dispersant are also *** using SEM and C element distribution images of LIB slurry to verify the correctness of the dispersion mechanism of each dispersant,it is concluded that the dispersion CMC with its optimum amount 1.5%is the best one to promote the formation of conductive paths and CB-coated LiCoO_(2) network structure within LIB slurry,which has the considerably potential to improve the performance of LIB.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery(LIB)slurry Chemical dispersants Electrochemical characterizations Electrical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)

Unique Continuation Property with Partial Information for Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Elasticity Systems

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2020年第1期36卷 3-17页

作者： Jin CHENG Yi-kan LIU Yan-bo WANG masahiro YAMAMOTO School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Mathematics Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsShanghai 200433China Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0812Japan Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences The University of TokyoTokyo 153-8914Japan Academy of Romanian Scientists 54 Splaiul Independentei StreetBucharest 050094Romania Peoples’Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University Moscow 117198Russia

In this paper,we establish a novel unique continuation property for two-dimensional anisotropic elasticity systems with partial *** precisely,given a homogeneous elasticity system in a connected open bounded domain,we investigate the unique continuation by assuming only the vanishing of one component of the solution in a *** the corresponding Riemann function,we prove that the solution vanishes in the whole domain provided that the other component vanishes at one point up to its second ***,we construct several examples showing the possibility of further reducing the additional information of the other *** result possesses remarkable significance in both theoretical and practical aspects because the required data are almost halved for the unique determination of the whole solution.

关键词： anisotropic elasticity system unique continuation,Riemann function

Stable Vertical Ladder Climbing with Rung Recognition for a Four-limbed Robot

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021年第4期18卷 786-798页

作者： Xiao Sun Kenji Hashimoto Shota Hayashi masahiro Okawara Takashi Mastuzawa Atsuo Takanishi Department of Mechatronics University of YamanashiYamanashiKofu400-8511Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Informatics Meiji UniversityTokyo214-8571Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda UniversityTokyo162-8480Japan

This paper proposes a system for stable ladder climbing of the human-sized four-limbed robot“WAREC-1”,including the following 3 components:(a)Whole-body motion planning;(b)Rung recognition system and(c)Reaction force *** 3 components guarantee appropriate ladder climbing motion,successful rung grub and proper reaction force distribution at contact points throughout the climbing motion,*** this system,(1)Stable ladder climbing in 2-point contact gait by a human-sized robot and(2)Successful and stable climbing of an irregular ladder(with a higher or inclined rung)in both 3-point and 2-point contact gait with the capability of recognizing the target rung and the corresponding motion planning are realized,which have rarely been realized by former ***,experiment results and data of the robot ladder climbing are also presented to evaluate the proposed system.

关键词： legged robot ladder climbing stability proximity sensor feedback force control

Visualization and Quantitative Evaluation of Eddy Current Loss in Bar-Wound Type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Mild-Hybrid Vehicles

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2019年第3期3卷 269-278页

作者： masahiro Aoyama Jianing Deng SUZUKI Motor Corporation ShizuokaJAPAN.He is now with the Department of EngineeringShizuoka University3-5-1 Johoku Naka-kuHamamatsuShizuokaJAPAN SUZUKI Motor Corporation ShizuokaJAPAN.He is now with DENSO CorporationAichi1-1 Showa-choKariyaAichiJAPAN

This paper describes the conductor eddy current loss that occurs in a permanent magnet type synchronous motor with a distributed winding stator using a rectangular copper wire designed for mild hybrid system applications for small *** with the conventional round wire inserter method,the space factor can be improved and the coil-end length can be shortened by applying a so-called hairpin windings using a pre-formed into hairpin shape of bar conductor,and as a result,DC current resistance of the armature winding can be ***,since the conductor cross-sectional area tends to increases,the conductor eddy current loss generated by the space harmonics linkage becomes too large to *** order to study the reduction of the conductor eddy current loss,it is important to visualize the spatial leakage flux distribution which causes loss and finely analyze how the magnetic path is ***,analysis of the conductor eddy current loss distribution generated in the bar-wound conductor is performed using the CAE model that faithfully reproduces the coil-end shape of the actual ***,it was qualitatively clarified what ratio of conductor eddy current loss at various driving ***,the results of preliminary study on reduction of conductor eddy current loss are reported.

关键词： Conductor eddy current loss hairpin windings type permanent magnet synchronous motor leakage magnetic flux.