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Family medicine: Global health in practice

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2015年第3期3卷 37-40页

作者： masahiro J.Morikawa Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH 44106-5036USA

For nearly 40 years,family medicine has been providing guiding principles in major global health *** article has two aims:(1)to review past major global health campaigns with a specific focus on the roles of family medicine to illustrate its relevance in global health,and(2)to address practical approaches to attain health,which nurture sustainability of local health resources and resilience of the *** of the differences in the goals of past global health campaigns,three key approaches have emerged as essential interventions in the field based on family medicine principles,the so-called six *** key approaches are(1)to protect families,(2)to train health care providers,and(3)to empower *** medicine continues to be a powerful tool to improve people’s health in our own communities and in global health practice.

关键词： Family medicine primary care global health

Are direct-acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus infection not associated with the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第4期8卷 423-425页

作者： masahiro Ogawa Tatsuo Kanda Mitsuhiko Moriyama Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Before the use of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) against HCV, liver transplantation was one of the best ways to achieve long-term survival and a better prognosis in patients with HCV infection and advanced liver fibrosis (1). In the interferon era, it is difficult for HCV infected patients with advanced liver fibrosis to achieve sustained virological response (SVR) because interferon therapy causes severe adverse events and these completely hamper this treatment in these patients.

关键词： interferon infection hepatocellular

Airflow adjustment and minimization of the air power of ventilation network

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2011年第3期17卷 237-242页

作者： INOUE masahiro YANG Wen-yu Department of Earth Resources Engineering Kyushu University Japan

It is often required to know which roadway （adjustment roadway） resistances and how much values of the resis- tances should be changed to make the airflow rates in roadways （target roadways） to certain required values in the practice of mine ventilation. In this case, the airflow rates of the target roadways and the resistances of the roadways other than the ad- justment roadways are the given conditions and the resistances of the adjustment roadways are the solutions to be found. No straightforward method to solve the problem has been found up to now. Therefore, trial and error method using the ventilation network analysis program is utilized to solve the problem so far. The method takes long calculation time and the best answer is not necessarily obtained. The authors newly defined ＂airflow element＂ as an element of the ventilation network analysis. The resistances that satisfy the airflow requirements can be calculated straight forwardly by putting the function of the airflow element into the ventilation network analysis. The air power required for the ventilation can be minimized while meeting the airflow requirements by the advanced application of the method. The authors made the computer program fulfill the method. The program was applied to actual ventilation network and it was found that the method is very practical and the time required for the analysis is short.

关键词： airflow adjustment mine ventilation airflow resistance optimization

Preoperative assessment of liver function and perioperative management of posthepatectomy liver failure

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 527-529页

作者： masahiro Shiihara Mitsugi Shimoda Shuji Suzuki Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Ibaraki Medical CenterTokyo Medical UniversityIbarakiJapan

PHLF is the status of disfunction in synthesis,excretion and *** to International Study Group of Liver Surgery(ISGLS),PHLF is defined by an increased bilirubin level and international normalized ratio(INR)on or after postoperative 5 days,and is graded by clinical severity from grades A to C(1,2).Grade A is the condition without any *** B deviates from normal postoperative management and requires blood products,diuretics,oxygen administration,and so *** C is the status with multiple organ failure which requires intensive management including respirator,dialysis,and liver transplantation,*** mortality rates in A,B and C were estimated 0%,12%,and 54%,respectively(1).Although PHLF has decreased due to extensive studies of risk factors for PHLF and improvements in surgical techniques,it remains high for several types of *** to a nationwide survey of board-certified training institutions by the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery,90-day mortality rates is 10.3%and 6.7%after left trisectionectomy and hepatopancreatectomy,respectively(3).Further,the mortality rates after associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)was reported over 5%(4).

关键词： Hepatectomy posthepatectomy liver failure posthepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)

Decreased incidence followed by comeback of pediatric infections during the COVID‑19 pandemic in Japan

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第8期18卷 564-567页

作者： Cyrus Ghaznavi Haruka Sakamoto Takayuki Kawashima Sayaka Horiuchi masahiro Ishikane Sarah Krull Abe Daisuke Yoneoka Akifumi Eguchi Yuta Tanoue masahiro Hashizume Shuhei Nomura Department of Health Policy and Management School of MedicineKeio University35 ShinanomachiShinjuku-kuTokyo 160-8582Japan Medical Education Program Washington University School of Medicine in St.LouisSaint LouisUSA Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research TokyoJapan Department of Hygiene and Public Health Tokyo Women’s Medical UniversityTokyoJapan Department of Mathematical and Computing Science Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapan Center for Birth Cohort Studies University of YamanashiYamanashiJapan Disease Control and Prevention Center National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan Division of Prevention National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer ControlTokyoJapan Infectious Disease Surveillance Center National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan Department of Sustainable Health Science Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan Institute for Business and Finance Waseda UniversityTokyoJapan

During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the Japanese government implemented several infection control measures,such as states of emergency(SoE)and school closures,and encouraged universal masking and hand *** activity restrictions and improved hygiene were found to be associated with declines in the incidence of infuenza during the 2019–2020 winter season[1].Prior studies have found that the incidence of seven pediatric infections,such as pharyngoconjunctivitis and varicella,decreased during and after the school closures in Japan[2].As activity restrictions continue to be lifted,there is growing concern that pediatric infections may suddenly return given that the pool of susceptible children increased during the pandemic[3].In this study,we use national infectious disease sentinel data from January 2012 to October 2021 to assess changes in the reported number of pediatric infections in Japan during the COVID-19 *** hypothesize that the reporting of many infectious diseases decreased during the early stages of the pandemic but ultimately returned to normal when activity restrictions were lifted.

关键词： closure return suddenly

Recent update on electrochemical CO_(2)reduction catalyzed by metal sulfide materials

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Materials Reports(Energy) 2023年第2期3卷 103-123,I0003页

作者： An Niza El Aisnada masahiro Miyauchi Min Liu Akira Yamaguchi Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1 OokayamaMeguro-kuTokyo152=8552Japan Biofunctional Catalyst Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science2=1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351-0198Japan Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization State Key Laboratory of Powder MetallurgySchool of Physical and ElectronicsCentral South UniversityChangsha410083China

Seeking and developing efficient CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)electrocatalysts is a hot topic in this era of global *** material candidates for sustainable and cost-effective applications,metal sulfides have attracted attention as promising nature-inspired materials due to multiple adsorption sites which are enhanced by the covalent character of *** article summarizes the current status regarding the utilization and development of metal sulfide materials as CO_(2)RR ***,the research background and basic principles of electrochemical CO_(2)RR are ***,an overview of the main obstacles to developing efficient CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts is *** section is followed by a summary of the empirical evidence supporting the application of metal sulfides as CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts beside nature-inspired *** summary of synthesis methods of various metal sulfides is also ***,the paper also highlights the recent works on metal sulfide as efficient CO_(2)RR including the undertaking strategy on the activity enhancement,and finally,discusses the challenges and prospect of metal sulfides-based CO_(2)RR *** recent efforts,metal sulfides remain relatively unexplored as materials for CO_(2)RR electrocatalytic ***,this review aims to stimulate novel ideas and research for improved catalyst designs and functionality.

关键词： Metal sulfides Electrocatalyst Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction Bi-metal sulfides Active site Defect engineering Selectivity Faradaic efficiency

High-precision group-delay dispersion measurements of optical fibers via fingerprint-spectral wavelength-to-time mapping

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Photonics Research 2016年第1期4卷 13-16页

作者： Takashi Ito Ondrej Slezak masahiro Yoshita Hidefumi Akiyama Yohei Kobayashi Institue for Solid State Physics University of Tokyo HiLASE Centre Institute of Physics ASCR

The group-delay dispersion of an optical fiber was measured with the time-of-flight method, using fingerprint-like characteristic spectra from a mode-locked fiber laser source. To determine the group-delay dispersion up to the fourth order, least-squares fitting was applied to the overall time waveform mapped on the time axis for the fingerprint-spectral broadband pulses through a long optical fiber. The analysis of all 4003 data points reduced statistical uncertainty, and provided second-, third-, and fourth-order dispersion with uncertainties of 0.02%, 0.4%, and 4%,respectively.

关键词： length time High-precision group-delay dispersion measurements of optical fibers via fingerprint-spectral wavelength-to-time mapping

Metachronous penile metastasis from rectal cancer after total pelvic exenteration

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第38期18卷 5476-5478页

作者： Yuta Kimura Keiichi Nasu Hiroki Matsunaga masahiro Warabi Satoru Inoue Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital 4-23-15 Koto-bashi Sumida-ku Tokyo 1308575 Japan Department of Pathology Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital 4-23-15 Koto-bashi Sumida-ku Tokyo 1308575 Japan

Despite its abundant vascularization and extensive circulatory communication with neighboring organs, metastases to the penis are a rare event. A 57-yearold male, who had undergone total pelvic exenteration for rectal cancer sixteen months earlier, demonstrated an abnormal uptake within his penis by positron emission tomography/computed tomography. A single elastic nodule of the middle penis shaft was noted deep within Bucks fascia. No other obvious recurrent site was noted except the penile lesion. Total penectomy was performed as a curative resection based on a diagnosis of isolated penile metastasis from rectal cancer. A histopathological examination revealed an increase of well differentiated adenocarcinoma in the corpus spongiosum consistent with his primary rectal tumor. The immunohistochemistry of the tumor cells demonstrated positive staining for cytokeratin 20 and negative staining for cytokeratin 7, which strongly supported a diagnosis of penile metastasis from the rectum. The patient is alive more than two years without any recurrence.

关键词： Penile metastasis Rectal cancer Corpus spongiosum

Polaprezinc protects human colon cells from oxidative injury induced by hydrogen peroxide:Relevant to cytoprotective heat shock proteins

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第38期12卷 6178-6181页

作者： Tatsuya Ohkawara Jun Nishihira Rika Nagashima Hiroshi Takeda masahiro Asaka Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Kita15 Nishi7 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8678 Japan Department of Research and Development GeneticLab Co. Ltd. Kita9 Nishi15 Chuou-ku Sapporo 060-0009 Japan Department of Research and Development GeneticLab Co. Ltd. Kita9 Nishi15 Chuou-ku Sapporo 060-0009 Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Kita15 Nishi7 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8678 Japan

AIM： To investigate the effect of polaprezinc on cellular damage induced by hydrogen peroxide （H202） in human colon CaCo2 cells. METHODS： CaCo2 cells were treated with polaprezinc （10-100 pmol/L） for 6 h. After polaprezinc treatment, the cells were incubated with H202 （20μmol/L） for 1 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Western blot analysis for heat shock protein （HSP） 27 and HSP72 in the cells was performed. Moreover, cells were pretreated with quercetin （200 μmol/L）, an inhibitor of HSP synthesis, 2 h before polaprezinc treatment, and cell viability and the expression of HSP27 and 72 were assessed in these cells. RESULTS： Polaprezinc significantly protected CaCo2 cells from cell damage induced by H2O2, and up-regulated the expressions of HSP27 and HSP72 in the cells （10, 30 and 100 pmol/L of polaprezinc; 35.0% ± 7.7%, 58.3% ± 14.6% and 64.2% ± 8.2%, respectively. P 〈 0.01 versus polaprezinc-nontreated cells; 6.0% ± 4.4%）. Quercetin inhibited the up-regulation of HSP27 and HSP72 by polaprezinc and diminished the protective effect of polaprezinc against H2O2-caused injury in the cells. CONCLUSION： Polaprezinc is a useful therapeutic agent for treatment of colitis and its effects depend on the function of cytoprotective HSP in colon.

关键词： Heat shock protein Oxidative injury Polaprezinc