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Explainable artificial intelligence and interpretable machine learning for agricultural data analysis

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 257-265页

作者： masahiro Ryo Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF) Eberswalder Str.8415374 MünchebergGermany Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg Platz der Deutschen Einheit 103046 CottbusGermany

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have been increasingly applied for prediction in agricultural ***,many models are typically black boxes,meaning we cannot explain what the models learned from the data and the reasons behind *** address this issue,I introduce an emerging subdomain of artificial intelligence,explainable artificial intelligence(XAI),and associated toolkits,interpretable machine *** study demonstrates the usefulness of several methods by applying them to an openly available *** dataset includes the no-tillage effect on crop yield relative to conventional tillage and soil,climate,and management *** analysis discovered that no-tillage management can increase maize crop yield where yield in conventional tillage is<5000 kg/ha and the maximum temperature is higher than 32°.These methods are useful to answer(i)which variables are important for prediction in regression/classification,(ii)which variable interactions are important for prediction,(iii)how important variables and their interactions are associated with the response variable,(iv)what are the reasons underlying a predicted value for a certain instance,and(v)whether different machine learning algorithms offer the same answer to these questions.I argue that the goodness of model fit is overly evaluated with model performance measures in the current practice,while these questions are *** and interpretable machine learning can enhance trust and explainability in AI.

关键词： Interpretable machine learning Explainable artificial intelligence Agriculture Crop yield No-tillage XAI

Recent Advances in Protein Extraction and Chiral Separation of Biomolecules

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 194-201页

作者： masahiro Goto Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

Reverse micelles create unique environment in organic media. They are capable of solubilizing hydrophilic biomolecules （e.g., proteins, peptides, amino acids, and DNAs） in their aqueous interior. This feature brings about the practical use of biomaterials in organic media because reverse micelles solubilize them with the intrinsic activity. In this paper, we focus on recent two topics concerning protein extraction and chiral separation of biomolecules using liquid membranes. In the first topic, we present recent attempts to extract proteins from an aqueous solution into isooctane using reverse micelles, and some important operational parameters to achieve an efficient protein transfer are discussed. Furthermore, novel function of reverse micelles as a protein activation medium is introduced. In the reverse micellar phase, denatured proteins were completely reactivated in the reverse micellar solution. The reverse micellar technique is found to be a useful tool not only for protein separation but also for protein refolding. Furthermore, we found that a cyclic ligand carixarene has an extraction ability to set up optimum conditions for protein transfer. In the second topic, we have found that a supported liquid membrane （SLM） encapsulating enzymes shows high enantioselectivity （enantioselective excess value is over 96%） in the transport of racemic pharmaceutical compound ibuprofen. A different experiment also suggests that the α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed reactions droved the enantioselective transport of L-phenylalanine based on the enantioselectivity of the enzyme. The SLM encapsulating the surfactant-enzyme complex enabled the highly enantioselective separation of racemic mixtures. It can be envisioned that arrangement of appropriate enzymes in the SLM system will allow enantioselective separation of various useful organic compounds.

关键词： protein extraction chiral separation reverse micellar technique

Photocatalytic dry reforming of methane by rhodium supported monoclinic TiO_(2)-B nanobelts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 562-571,I0015页

作者： Masaru Kushida Akira Yamaguchi masahiro Miyauchi School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1 OokayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8552Japan

The conversion of methane and carbon dioxide into syngas(dry reforming of methane;DRM)has attracted attention owing to the potential to reuse greenhouse *** dioxide(TiO_(2))-based photocatalysts,which have been widely commercialized owing to their high efficiency,non-toxicity,and low cost,are strongly desired in ***,we report a monoclinic-phase TiO_(2)-B nanobelts-supported rhodium(Rh/TiO_(2)-B nanobelts)catalyst that efficiently promotes DRM under ultraviolet light irradiation at low *** holes in the TiO_(2)-B nanobelts were used to oxidize methane,while the electrons were trapped in rhodium to reduce carbon ***/TiO_(2)-B nanobelts exhibited considerably higher durability and activity than Rh-loaded conventional TiO_(2)(anatase and rutile),owing to the lattice and/or surface oxygen reactivity in TiO_(2)-B nanobelts,which was suggested by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and photocatalytic performance tests under an atmosphere of methane *** study paves the path for the effective utilization of methane by constructing active TiO_(2)-based nanometal photocatalysts.

关键词： Photocatalysis Dry reforming of methane Greenhouse gas conversion Gas-phase reaction Titanium dioxide TiO_(2)-B

Prolapsed tongue papilloma cured by administration of the traditional Japanese(Kampo) herbal medicine, Keishibukuryogan-ka-yokuinin:A case report

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第6期18卷 535-538页

作者： masahiro Sakata Jiro Watanabe National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center FukuyamaHiroshima 720-8520Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineDentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamashiOkayama 700-8558Japan

Squamous papilloma is a benign mass lesion of the oral mucosa. For papillomas of the tongue, surgery is recommended owing to their malignant potential;however, certain complications may be associated with surgery. A traditional Japanese(Kampo) herbal medicine, Keishibukuryogan-ka-yokuinin(KBGY),has been used to treat viral warts and various skin diseases in Japan. Therefore, the effect of KBGY on papillomas is promising. A 49-year-old Japanese man presented with a wart on his tongue that was about3 months old. He smoked 5 cigarettes per day. He did not drink alcohol. He had no history of malignant illnesses. He was taking alprazolam for panic disorder. The patient was diagnosed with a suspected papilloma of the tongue at the Department of Otolaryngology and was advised to undergo an excision biopsy to exclude malignancy. However, he refused owing to the fear of an invasive procedure. After informed consent was obtained from the patient, KBGY was prescribed. Three months later, the wart on his tongue spontaneously prolapsed. The histopathological diagnosis was squamous papilloma. There was no indication of malignancy, and the patient discontinued Kampo treatment. He has had no recurrence in the past 3 years. KBGY is a combination of Keishibukuryogan and yokuinin(adlay seeds).Keishibukuryogan may be beneficial for skin or oral mucosal remodeling, and yokuinin may have antiviral properties. The present case report suggests the use of KBGY as an appropriate complementary therapy for squamous papilloma.

关键词： Kampo Keishibukuryogan-ka-yokuinin Adlay Papilloma

Carleman Estimates for the Schrdinger Equation and Applications to an Inverse Problem and an Observability Inequality

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2010年第4期31卷 555-578页

作者： Ganghua YUAN masahiro YAMAMOTO School of Mathematics and Statistics Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro Tokyo 153 Japan

The authors prove Carleman estimates for spaces of negative orders, and use these estimates to problem of determining L^p-potentials. An L^2-1evel continuation results for the SchrSdinger equation are the Schrodinger ... 详细信息

关键词： Schrodinger equation Carleman estimate Observability inequality Inverse problem Unique continuation

Microwave Behavior of α-Fe/Fe_3B/Y_2O_3 Nanocomposites in GHz Range Prepared by Melt-Spun Technique

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Journal of Rare Earths 2004年第1期22卷 13-16页

作者： masahiro Itoh Ken-ichi Machida Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanOsaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan

Nanocomposites α-Fe/Fe 3B/Y 2O 3 were prepared by a melt-spun technique, and the electromagnetic wave absorption properties were measured in the 0 05～20 05 GHz range. Compared with α-Fe/Y 2O 3 composites, the resonance frequency (f r) of α-Fe/Fe 3B/Y 2O 3 shifted to a higher frequency range due to the large anisotropy field (H A) of tetragonal Fe 3B (～0 4 mA·m -1). The relative permittivity (ε r=ε r′-jε r″) was constantly low over the 0 5～10 GHz region, which indicates that the composite powders have a high resistivity (ρ=～100 Ωm). The effective electromagnetic wave absorption (RL<-20 dB) was obtained in a frequency range of 2.7～6.5 GHz on resin composites of 80% (mass fraction) α-Fe/Fe 3B/Y 2O 3 powders, with thickness of 6～3 mm respectively. A minimum reflection loss of -33 dB was observed at 4.5 GHz with an absorber thickness of 4 mm.

关键词： melt-spun nanocomposites electromagnetic wave absorption anisotropy field matching frequency

Surface Oscillation and Flow Structure of a Liquid Bridge under Small Vibration

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第4期31卷 81-84页

作者： LIANG Ru-Quan Kawaji masahiro Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Electromagnetic Process of Materials Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto MSS 3E5 Canada

A three-dimensional direct numerical simulation is carried out to predict the surface oscillation and flow structure of isothermal liquid bridges of 5 cSt silicone oil held vertically between solid disks. By subjecting liquid bridges to various horizontal vibrations, the surface resonance frequencies are clearly determined numerically and compared well with the existing analytical model predictions. The investigation on the flow structure inside the liquid bridge reveals, for the first time, the flow structure and the existence of transw＇,rsal vortices inside the liquid bridge when a horizontal vibration is applied.

关键词： Vibration Surface surface

Formation and Annealing of BaTiO_3 and SrTiO_3 Nanoparticles in KOH Solution

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第1期26卷 33-38页

作者： Tomoki Tsumura Keiichi Matsuoka masahiro Toyoda Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of EngineeringOita University

Barium titanate （BaTiO3） and strontium titanate （SrTiO3） nanoparticles were synthesized separately through hydrothermal reaction of crystalline TiO2 particles and corresponding alkaline earth hydroxides, Ba（OH）2 and St（OH）2 respectively, in 50 mol·dm^-3 KOH solution at 150℃. Each structural evolution of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 during the hydrothermal treatment was investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, field emission transmission electron microscopy （FE-TEM） and thermogravimetry- differential analysis （TG-DTA）. In the BaTiO3 system, round particles with cubic perovskite-type structure were obtained within 1 h. However, these particles were gradually dissolved and then were re-precipitated in the form of cube-shape BaTiO3 particles with a smaller lattice constant ac than that of the former phase. After the BaTiO3 particles formed firstly have disappeared completely, or the two phases coexistence stage with different lattice constant ac passed, lattice constant ac of BaTiO3 phase re-precipitated continuously decreased with annealing time. In contrast, once SrTiO3 particles are formed, the lattice constant ac decreased continuously throughout the reaction. The result indicates that SrTiO3 particles were annealed without dissolution and precipitation process under the present condition.

关键词： BaTiO3 SrTiO3 Nanoparticle Hydrothermal reaction

Laser Manipulation of Micro Untransmissive Particles in Water

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Journal of Thermal Science 2009年第1期18卷 85-90页

作者： masahiro OTA Makoto SHIMODA Yuuki SUSAI Division of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University

The laser trapping of untransmissive particles are discussed in this paper. Photon can generate the momentum tothe untransmissive particle by diffraction and reflection on the surface of the particles. We tried laser trapping ofuntransmissive particles using an attractive force caused by the diffraction and radiation force caused by *** laser trapping system includes CW YAG laser, which has 1.064 μm in wave length and an optical *** motions of particles were monitored by a CCD camera on the top of the microscope and recordedby PC connected to the CCD camera.

关键词： Laser manipulation Laser trapping Optical tweezers Micro manipulation Micro sphere