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Thermo-chemo-radiotherapy for advanced bile duct carcinoma

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第27期11卷 4206-4209页

作者： Terumi Kamisawa Yuyang Tu Naoto Egawa Katsuyuki Karasawa Tadayoshi Matsuda Kouji Tsuruta Atsutake okamoto Department of Internal Medicine Tadayoshi Matsuda Department of Surgery

AIM： Complete resection of the bile duct carcinoma is sometimes difficult by subepithelial spread in the duct wall or direct invasion of adjacent blood vessels. Nonresected extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma has a dismal prognosis,with a life expectancy of about 6 mo to i year. To improve the treatment results of locally advanced bile duct carcinoma, we have been conducting a clinical trial using regional hyperthermia in combination with chemoradiation ***： Eight patients complaining of obstructive jaundice with advanced extrahepatic bile duct underwent thermo-chemo-radiotherapy （TCRT）. All tumors were located in the upper bile duct and involved hepatic bifurcation, and obstructed the bile duct *** capacitive hyperthermia was administered simultaneously with chemotherapeutic agents once weekly immediately following radiotherapy at 2 *** administered heat to the patient for 40 rain after the tumor temperature had risen to 42℃. The chemotherapeutic agents employed were cis-platinum （CDDP,50 mg/m^2） in combination with 5-fluorouracil （5-FU,800 mg/m^2） or methotrexate （MTX, 30 mg/m^2） in combination with 5-FU （800 mg/m^2）. Number of heat treatments ranged from 2 to 8 sessions. The bile duct at autopsy was histologically examined in three patients treated with ***： In respect to resolution of the bile duct, there were three complete regression （CR）, two partial regression （PR）, and three no change （NC）. Mean survival was 13.2＋10.8 mo （mean＋SD）. Four patients survived for more than 20 too. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage （PTBD） tube could be removed in placement of self-expandable metallic stent into the patency-restored bile duct after TCRT. No major side effects occurred. At autopsy, marked hyalinization or fibrosis with necrosis replaced extensively bile duct tumor and wall, in which suppressed cohesiveness of carcinoma cells and degenerative cells were sparsely ***： Although the number of cases is r

关键词： Hyperthermia Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Bile duct carcinoma

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Decomposition and stabilization of organic matter in an old-growth tropical riparian forest:effects of soil properties and vegetation structure

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 173-181页

作者： Pedro Henrique de Godoy Fernandes Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de Souza Marcel okamoto Tanaka Renata Sebastiani Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil Department of Environmental Sciences(DCAm) Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil Department of Nature Mathematicsand Education SciencesFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil

Background:Nutrient cycling in tropical forests has a large importance for primary productivity,and decomposition of litterfall is a major process influencing nutrient balance in forest *** large-scale factors strongly influence decomposition patterns,small-scale factors can have major influences,especially in old-growth forests that have high structural complexity and strong plant-soil *** we evaluated the effects of forest structure and soil properties on decomposition rates and stabilization of soil organic matter using the Tea Bag Index(TBI)in an old-growth riparian forest in southeastern *** data sets were described separately using Principal Components Analysis(PCA).The main axes for each analysis,together with soil physical properties(clay content and soil moisture),were used to construct structural equations models that evaluated the different parameters of the TBI,decomposition rates and stabilization *** best model was selected using Akaike’s ***:Forest structure and soil physical and chemical properties presented large variation among plots within the studied *** content was strongly correlated with soil moisture and the first PCA axis of soil chemical properties,and model selection indicated that clay content was a better predictor than this *** rates presented a large variation among tea bags(0.009 and 0.098 g·g^(−1)·d−1)and were positively related with forest structure,as characterized by higher basal area,tree density and larger *** stabilization factor varied between 0.211–0.426 and was related to forest stratification and soil clay ***:The old-growth forest studied presented high heterogeneity in both forest structure and soil properties at small spatial scales,that influenced decomposition processes and probably contributed to small-scale variation in nutrient *** rates were only influenced by forest structure,whereas the stabilizat

关键词： Tea bag index Forest structure Carbon fixation Nutrient cycling

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Efficacy of an orally active small-molecule inhibitor of RANKL in bone metastasis

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Bone Research 2019年第1期7卷 66-75页

作者： Yuta Nakai Kazuo okamoto Asuka Terashima Shogo Ehata Jun Nishida Takeshi Imamura Takashi Ono Hiroshi Takayanagi Department of Immunology Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoHongo 7-3-1Bunkyo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Orthodontic Science Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityYushima 1-5-45Bunkyo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Osteoimmunology Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoHongo 7-3-1Bunkyo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Molecular Pathology Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoHongo 7-3-1Bunkyo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis Ehime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan

Bone is one of the preferred sites for the metastasis of malignant tumours,such as breast cancer,lung cancer and malignant *** cells colonizing bone have the capacity to induce the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL),which promotes osteoclast differentiation and ***-induced osteoclastic bone resorption leads to a vicious cycle between tumours and bone cells that fuels osteolytic tumour growth,causing bone pain and ***,RANKL contributes to bone metastasis by acting as a chemoattractant to bone for tumour cells that express its receptor,*** inhibition of the RANKL–RANK pathway is a promising treatment for bone metastasis,and a human monoclonal anti-RANKL antibody,denosumab,has been used in the ***,orally available drugs targeting RANKL must be developed to increase the therapeutic benefits to *** we report the efficacy of the small-molecule RANKL inhibitor AS2676293 in treating bone metastasis using mouse *** administration of AS2676293 markedly inhibited bone metastasis of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231-5a-D-Luc2 as well as tumour-induced ***2676293 suppressed RANKLmediated tumour migration in the transwell assay and inhibited bone metastasis of the murine cell line B16F10,which is known not to trigger osteoclast *** on the results from this study,RANKL inhibition with a small-molecule compound constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy for treating bone metastasis by inhibiting both osteoclastic bone resorption and tumour migration to bone.

关键词： Bone tumours metastasis

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Study on Change of Topography in Water Area with Field Measurement

Study on Change of Topography in Water Area with Field Measu...

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作者： Satoshi Iwakami masahiko Tamega Masahide Sanada Michiaki Mohri Yoshitaka Iwakami Naoki okamoto Shuji Jimbo Masaji Watanabe Earth Rise Company Inc. Okayama University

Disastrous flood events in recent years include 2018 Japan floods（July 2018）,Typhoon 19（Hagibis, October 2019） and the following heavy rain event, and July 2020 heavy rain disaster. Such disastrous flood events are expected to occur more frequently as the climate change progresses, and it is indispensable to update information regarding water areas such as rivers, reservoirs, and coastal waters. This study demonstrates practical techniques to analyze underwater topography. Longitude and latitude components of ellipsoidal data recorded by a GPS receiver are projected to a rectangular coordinate system,and results are combined with vertical components including data recorded by an echo sounder unit so that tracks on an underwater floor are obtained. A mapping on a finite dimensional space of continuous functions over a triangular mesh is formulated, and its fixed point gives rise to an underwater floor that fits the tracks. Our techniques are illustrated with data obtained in measurement conducted in a reservoir called Kojima Lake located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

关键词： Underwater Topography RTK-GPS Echo Sounder Triangular Mesh Fixed Point Iteration

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Energy-Saving and Economical Evaluations of a Ceramic Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2013年第2期2卷 89-96页

作者： Satoru okamoto Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Shimane University Matsue Japan

A ceramic gas turbine can save energy because of its high thermal efficiency at high turbine inlet temperatures. This paper deals with the thermodynamic and economic aspects of a ceramic gas turbine cogeneration system. Here cogeneration means the simultaneous production of electrical en-ergy and useful thermal energy from the same facility. The thermodynamic performance of a ceramic gas turbine cycle is assessed using a computer model. This model is used in parametric studies of performance under partial loads and at various inlet air temperatures. The computed performance is compared to the measured performance of a conventional gas turbine cycle. Then, an economic evaluation of a ceramic gas turbine cogeneration system is investigated. Energy savings provided by this system are estimated on the basis of the distributions of heat/power ratios. The computed economic evaluation is compared to the actual economic performance of a conventional system in which boilers produce the required thermal energy and electricity is purchased from a utility.

关键词： Energy Exergy Energy-Saving Economical Evaluation Ceramic Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant

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Case Studies of Energy Saving and CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction by Cogeneration and Heat Pump Systems

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2013年第2期2卷 107-120页

作者： Satoru okamoto Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Shimane University Matsue Japan

This paper describes two case studies: 1) a cogeneration system of a hospital and 2) a heat pump system installed in an aquarium that uses seawater for latent heat storage. The cogeneration system is an autonomous system that combines the generation of electrical, heating, and cooling energies in a hospital. Cogeneration systems can provide simultaneous heating and cooling. No technical obstacles were identified for implementing the cogeneration system. The average ratio between electric and thermal loads in the hospital was suitable for the cogeneration system operation. An analysis performed for a non-optimized cogeneration system predicted large potential for energy savings and CO2 reduction. The heat pump system using a low-temperature unutilized heat source is introduced on a heat source load responsive heat pump system, which combines a load variation responsive heat pump utilizing seawater with a latent heat-storage system (ice and water slurry), using nighttime electric power to level the electric power load. The experimental coefficient of performance (COP) of the proposed heat exchanger from the heat pump system, assisted by using seawater as latent heat storage for cooling, is discussed in detail.

关键词： Cogeneration System Heat Pump System Energy Saving CO2 Reduction Hospital Aquarium

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Flow-Induced Acoustic Resonances in Exhaust Gas Economizer Tube Banks

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2013年第3期3卷 159-167页

作者： Satoru okamoto Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Shimane University Matsue 690-8504 Japan

To investigate the conditions under which acoustic resonances occur, staggered arrays of closely spaced rigid tubes were tested in a wind tunnel under various flow velocities. The author investigated the Strouhal numbers at which flow periodicities occur, the relation between these Strouhal numbers and those at which acoustic resonances occur, and the effects of Reynolds number and longitudinal tube spacings on the occurrence of acoustic resonance. This investigation showed the following：（1） Acoustic resonance can be produced at a frequency well removed from that of vortex shedding. The results also show evidence of vortex shedding and acoustic resonance existing simultaneously but at different frequencies. （2） Acoustic resonance behavior is consistent with that of a self-excited system. （3） A new model of this phenomenon provides an improved procedure for avoiding acoustic resonances in closely spaced tube banks.

关键词： Flow-induced vibration flow measurements vortex aerodynamic acoustics resonance tube arrays.

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Use of Accelerators for Biomechanical Analysis of Walking Motion Aided by Wheeled Walking Frames

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2014年第9期4卷 699-708页

作者： Satoru okamoto Interdisciplinary Faculty of Science and Engineering Shimane University Matsue 690-8504 Japan

Walkers improve self-reliability. We examined the effectiveness of a newly developed wheeled walking frame for use by physically handicapped persons. Unstable gaits in walker users were analyzed by tri-axial accelerometers and a motion capture system. Several markers were placed on subjects＇ backs and legs. Subjects were requested to walk around a test course at a comfortable speed, while their motion was recorded by two high-speed video cameras. The activities performed on the test course comprised standing, normal walking, fast walking, and walking over a barrier. Any accidental falls were also recorded. We established the characteristic rules of gait motion using a walker. Furthermore, we demonstrated that gait characteristics are more conveniently extracted from acceleration sensors than from motion capture systems, since the sensors can be affixed to subjects for self-monitoring and goal achievements. The methods employing acceleration sensors are considered suitable for determining the average gait motions of elderly persons living in nursing homes, and can be used to evaluate walking motion before and aider rehabilitation.

关键词： Wheeled walking frame gait motion biomechanical analysis acceleration sensor high-speed video camera.

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A patient with unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer achieving long-term survival with Gemcitabine chemotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第44期14卷 6876-6880页

作者： Yoshiki okamoto Takashi Maeba Keitarou Kakinoki Keiichi Okano Kunihiko Izuishi Hisao Wakabayashi Hisashi Usuki Yasuyuki Suzuki Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kagawa UniversityKagawa 7610793Japan Department of Surgery Social Insurance Ritsurin HospitalKagawa 7610793Japan

A 68-year-old female visited a local clinic with epigastralgia. A routine laboratory test revealed jaundice and liver dysfunction. She was referred to this hospital. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) revealed that the density of the entire pancreas had decreased,and showed dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) and the main pancreatic duct (MPD). Pancreatic cancer was diagnosed by cytological examination analyzing the pancreatic juice obtained by ERCP. When jaundice had decreased the tumor was observed via laparotomy. No ascites,liver metastasis,or peritoneal dissemination was observed. The entire pancreas was a hard mass,and a needle biopsy was obtained from the head,body and tail of the pancreas. These biopsies diagnosed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Hepaticojejunostomy was thus performed,and postoperative progress was good. Chemotherapy with 1000 mg/body per week of gemcitabine was administered beginning 15 d postoperatively. However,the patient suffered relatively severe side effects,and it was necessary to change the dosing schedule of gemcitabine. Abdominal CT revealed a complete response (CR) after 3 treatments. Therefore,weekly chemotherapy was stopped and was changed to monthly administration. To date,for 4 years after chemotherapy,the tumor has not reappeared.

关键词： Gemcitabine Long-term survival Unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer

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Colon-specific drug delivery systems based on cyclodextrin prod rugs: In vivo evaluation of 5-aminosalicylic acid from its cyclodextrin conjugates

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第47期11卷 7457-7460页

作者： Mei-Juan Zou Gang Cheng Hirokazu okamoto Xiu-Hua Hao Feng An Fu-De Cui Kazumi Danjo School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 Liaoning Province China Faculty of Pharmacy Meijo University 150 Yagotoyama Tempaku-ku Nagoya 468-8503 Japan

AIM： To investigate the release of cyclodextrin-S-amino- salicylic acid （CyD-S-ASA） in cecum and colon. METHODS： An anti-inflammatory drug 5-ASA was conjugated onto the hydroxyl groups of α-, β- and γ-cydodextrins （CyDs） through an ester linkage, and the in vivo drug release behavior of these prodrugs in rat＇ s gastrointestinal tract after the oral administration was investigated. RESULTS： The 5-ASA concentration in the rat＇s stomach and small intestine after the oral administration of CyD- 5-ASA conjugate was much lower than that after the oral administration of 5-ASA alone. The lower concentration was attributable to the passage of the conjugate through the stomach and small intestine without significant degradation or absorption, followed by the degradation of the conjugate site-specific in the cecum and colon. The oral administration of CyD-S-ASA resulted in lower plasma and urine concentration of 5-ASA than that of 5-ASA alone. CONCLUSION： CyD-5-ASA conjugates may be used as prodrugs for colon-specific drug delivery system.

关键词： Cyclodextrin 5-Aminosalicylic acid In vivo Colon-specific

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