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Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidative Enzymes of Two Turfgrass Species Under Salinity Stress

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Pedosphere 2013年第2期23卷 213-222页

作者： R.XU M.yamada H.FUJIYAMA United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University

Salinity stress is a major factor limiting the growth of turfgrass irrigated with recycled wastewater. The change in lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde （MDA） content and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, ascorbate peroxide （APX） and glutathione reductase （GR） in the shoots and roots of Kentucky bluegrass and tall rescue were investigated under salinity stress. Plants were subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mmol L-1 NaCl for 40 d. The MDA content under salinity stress was lower in tall fescue than in Kentucky bluegrass in both shoots and roots. Activities of SOD in the shoots of both species increased with salinity stress. The activities of CAT and APX decreased in Kentucky bluegrass, but no significant difference in the activities of CAT and APX was observed in tall rescue. The activities of SOD, CAT and APX in the shoots of tall fescue were higher than those in Kentucky bluegrass. In the roots of Kentucky bluegrass, SOD and GR activities increased and CAT and APX activities decreased in comparison with the control. In the roots of tall fescue, salinity increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and APX. These results suggested that tall fescue exhibited a more effective protection mechanism and mitigated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by maintaining higher SOD, CAT and APX activities than Kentucky bluegrass.

关键词： antioxidants malondialdehyde oxidative stress recycled wastewater salt tolerance

Development of a roll-to-roll high-speed laser micro processing machine for preparing through-holed anodes and cathodes of lithium-ion batteries

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2023年第3期5卷 534-546页

作者： Mitsuru yamada Naohiko Soma Masaya Tsuta Susumu Nakamura Nobuo Ando Futoshi Matsumoto Department of Materials and Life Chemistry Kanagawa University3-27-1RokkakubashiKanagawa-kuYokohamaKanagawa221-8686Japan Wired Co. Ltd2-4-15kitashinboSanjoNiigata955-0861Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering National Institute of TechnologyNagaoka College888NishikatakaiNagaokaNiigata940-8532Japan Research Institute for Engineering Kanagawa University3-27-1RokkakubashiKanagawa-kuYokohamaKanagawa221-8686Japan

Aiming to improve the battery performance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),modification of the cathodes and anodes of LIBs using laser beams to prepare through-holes,non-through-holes or ditches arranged in grid and line patterns has been proposed by many researchers and *** this study,a laser processing system attached to rollers,which realizes this modification without large changes in the present mass-production system,was *** laser system apparatus comprises roll-to-roll equipment and laser *** roll-to-roll equipment mainly consists of a hollow cylinder with openings on its circumferential *** and anode electrodes for LIBs are wound around the cylinder in the longitudinal direction of the electrodes.A pulsed beam reflected from the central axis of the cylinder can continuously open a large number of through-holes in the thin ***-holes were formed at a rate of 100000 holes per second on lithium iron phosphate cathodes and graphite anodes with this *** through-holed cathodes and anodes prepared with this system exhibited higher C-rate performance than nontreated cathodes and anodes.

关键词： lithium-ionbatteries laser processingsystem roll-to-roll system through-holing structure high-rate performance

Initial management for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第1期25卷 69-84页

作者： Tomonori Aoki Yoshihiro Hirata Atsuo yamada Kazuhiko Koike Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo Division of Advanced Genome Medicine the Institute of Medical Sciencethe University of Tokyo

Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding(LGIB) is a common indication for hospital admission. Patients with LGIB often experience persistent or recurrent bleeding and require blood transfusions and interventions, such as colonoscopic,radiological, and surgical treatments. Appropriate decision-making is needed to initially manage acute LGIB, including emergency hospitalization, timing of colonoscopy, and medication use. In this literature review, we summarize the evidence for initial management of acute LGIB. Assessing various clinical factors,including comorbidities, medication use, presenting symptoms, vital signs, and laboratory data is useful for risk stratification of severe LGIB, and for discriminating upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Early timing of colonoscopy had the possibility of improving identification of the bleeding source, and the rate of endoscopic intervention, compared with elective colonoscopy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography before colonoscopy may help identify stigmata of recent hemorrhage on colonoscopy, particularly in patients who can be examined immediately after the last hematochezia. How to deal with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) and antithrombotic agents after hemostasis should be carefully considered because of the risk of rebleeding and thromboembolic events. In general, aspirin as primary prophylaxis for cardiovascular events and NSAIDs were suggested to be discontinued after LGIB. Managing acute LGIB based on this information would improve clinical outcomes. Further investigations are needed to distinguish patients with LGIB who require early colonoscopy and hemostatic intervention.

关键词： Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Predictive model Colonoscopy Computed tomography Medication

Differential Responses of NHX1 and SOS1 Gene Expressions to Salinity in two Miscanthus sinensis *** with Different Salt Tolerance

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第3期90卷 827-836页

作者： Qian Sun Toshihiko yamada Yulai Han Tetsuo Takano Asian Natural Environmental Science Center(ANESC) The University of TokyoTokyo188-0002Japan College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido UniversitySapporo060-0811Japan

The lignocellulosic crop Miscanthus *** been identified as a good candidate for biomass *** responses of Miscanthus sinensis *** salinity were studied to satisfy the needs for high yields in marginal areas and to avoid competition with food *** results indicated that the relative advantages of the tolerant accession over the sensitive one under saline conditions were associated with restricted Na^(+)accumulation in *** of two accessions(salt-tolerant‘JM0119’and salt-sensitive‘JM0099’)were subjected to 0(control),100,200,and 300 mM NaCl stress to better understand the salt-induced biochemical responses of genes involved in Na^(+)accumulation in *** adaptation responses of genes encoding for Na^(+)/H^(+)antiporters,NHX1 and SOS1 to NaCl stress were examined in JM0119 and *** cDNA sequences of genes examined were highly conserved among the relatives of *** based on the sequencing on approximate 600 bp-long cDNA fragments obtained from degenerate *** salt-induced variations of gene expression investigated by quantitative real-time PCR provided evidences for insights of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in *** expression of NHX1 was up-regulated by salt stress in JM0119 shoot and root ***,it was hardly affected in JM0099 shoot tissue except for a significant increase at the 100 mM salt treatment,and it was salt-suppressed in the JM0099 root *** the root tissue,the expression of SOS1 was induced by the high salt treatment in JM0119 but repressed by all salt treatments in ***,the remarkably higher expression of NHX1 and SOS1 were associated with the resistance to Na^(+)toxicity by regulation of the Na^(+)influx,efflux,and sequestration under different salt conditions.

关键词： Salinity Miscanthus sinensis NHX1 SOS1

Hydrothermal Formation of Lath-Shaped Trioctahedral Smectite with High Crystallinity

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第2期80卷 290-295页

作者： Hirohisa yamada Kenji TAMURA Shingo YOKOYAMA Yujiro WATANABE Ecomaterials Center Nuclear Fuel Cycle Back-end Research Center College of Environmental Engineering and Architecture

Lath-shaped and highly crystalline trioctahedral smectites were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The quenched glasses with stoichiometrically dehydrated Na-smectite compositions were treated at （a） 500℃ and 100 MPa for 1 and 11 days; and （b） 300℃ and 100 MPa for 7 days. The crystallinity and particle size of products were dependent on the chemical composition of the starting glass, synthetic temperature and duration of hydrothermal treatment. The high structural ordering and large dimensions of the products were confirmed from the sharpness of XRD peaks; and hydration behavior under controlled relative humidity. Transmission electron microscopy was also performed for the characterization of the particle size of product. Particle sizes vary from ca. 10 nm to a few pm by changing the chemical compositions of the starting materials. The product with the highest structural ordering and largest dimension was obtained from Nao.33（Mg1.83Al0.67）Si4O11 glass treated at 500℃ and 100 MPa for 1 day. The obtained results also confirmed the metastability and compositional dependency in the formation of highly crystalline trioctahedral smectite at hydrothermal conditions.

关键词： high crystallinity hydration behavior hydrothermal formation lath-shaped trioctahedral smectite

Two-dimensional optical tomography of hemodynamic changes in a preterm infant brain

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Chinese Optics Letters 2007年第8期5卷 472-474页

作者：高峰薛媛赵会娟 Takashi Kusaka Masanori Ueno Yukio yamada College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering Tianjin University Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Kagawa 761-0793Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems University of Electro-Communications Tokyo 182-8585Japan

Our preliminary results on two-dimensional （2D） optical tomographic imaging of hemodynamic changes in a preterm infant brain are reported. We use the established 16-channel time-correlated single photon counting system for the detection and generalized pulse spectrum technique based algorithm for the image reconstruction. The experiments demonstrate that diffuse optical tomography may be a potent means for investigating brain functions and neural development of infant brains in the perinatal period.

关键词： In Two-dimensional optical tomography of hemodynamic changes in a preterm infant brain

Influence of oxygen flow rate and compost addition on reduction of organic matter in aerated waste layer containing mainly incineration residue

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第1期25卷 53-58页

作者： Hiroshi Asakura Kei Nakagawa Kazuto Endo Masato yamada Yusaku Ono Yoshiro Ono Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies Onogawa 16-2TsukubaIbaraki 305-8506Japan Nippon Institute of Technology 4-1 GakuendaiMiyashiro-machiMinamisaitama-gunSaitama 345-8501Japan Kyoto Institute of Technology MatsugasakiSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8585Japan

Landfilling municipal solid waste incineration （MSWI） residue alkalizes the waste layer, causing a subsequent decrease in microbial activity and a delay in the decomposition of organic matter. In this study, efficiencies of neutralization of the leachate and organic matter decomposition in the waste layer in a column filled with MSWI residue using aeration and compost addition were evaluated. Total organic carbon （TOC） reduction in the waste layer is large at high oxygen flow rate （OFR）. To effectively accelerate TOC reduction in the waste layer to which compost was added, a high OFR exceeding that by natural ventilation was required. At day 65, the pH of the leachate when OFR was above 102 mol-O2/（day.m3） was lower than that when OFR was below 101 mol-Oz/（day.m3）. At the same OFR, the pH of waste sample was lower than that of waste sample with compost. Although leachate neutralization could be affected by compost addition, TOC reduction in the waste layer became rather small. It is possible that humic substances in compost prevent the decomposition of TOC in MSWI residue.

关键词： waste landfill aeration neutralization acceleration of stabilization

Grazing and heat stress protection of native grass by a sand-fixing shrub in the arid lands of northern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第8期14卷 867-876页

作者： Keiichi KIMURA Akito KONO Susumu yamada Tomoyo F KOYANAGI Toshiya OKURO Department of Ecosystem Studies Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8657Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya UniversityAichi 464-8601Japan Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of AgricultureKanagawa 243-0034Japan Field Studies Institute for Environmental Education Tokyo Gakugei UniversityTokyo 184-0015Japan

Shrub species are used in restoration projects on dryland for their facilitation effects,which include environmental improvements and protection from herbivore *** effects on forage grasses are potentially important in improving grazing capacity on ***,the morphology-dependent performance of benefactor plants in facilitating forage species growth and supplementation under moderate grazing intensity remains ***,our main purpose was to measure facilitation performance in terms of the survival of a native forage grass,Agropyron cristatum(L.)Gaertn.(Gramineae).,in accordance with the growth conditions of a sand-fixing benefactor shrub,Caragana microphylla Lam.,in the Hulun Buir Grassland,northern *** study sites with patches of *** and *** were established at the foot of fixed sand *** each site,five quadrats were set in places where *** coverage was 100%and *** grew among the shrubs(shrub quadrats),and another five were set where *** grew alone without ***(grass quadrats).We measured the morphological traits of *** and *** in all 60 quadrats,along with the soil water content and soil *** data were compared between the shrub and grass quadrats by generalized linear mixed-effect models to assess the shrub's facilitation *** also used such models to elucidate the relationship between the average height of *** and the morphological traits of *** in the shrub *** maximum height,average grazed height,and the number of seed heads of *** were greater in the shrub quadrats than in the grass *** soil surface temperature was lower in the shrub *** maximum height and seed head number of *** were positively associated with the average height of *** results suggest that the grazing impact and heat stress were smaller in shrub quadrats than in grass quadrats,and that

关键词： Caragana microphylla dryland ecosystem restoration facilitation grazing impact heat stress

Seemingly maladaptive refraining from infanticidal probing at the third parasitism attack by the semi-solitary parasitoid Echthrodelphax fairchildii （Hymenoptera： Dryinidae）

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Insect Science 2006年第3期13卷 229-233页

作者： EMI ITO YOSHIHIRO Y. yamada Insect Ecology Laboratory Faculty of Bioresources Mie University Tsu Mie Japan

We assessed the adaptiveness of refraining from infanticidal probing at the third attack under triple parasitism in the parasitoid Echthrodelphaxfairchildii Perkins, by comparing fitness returns from the third attack with and without probing. Fitness returns were assessed in terms of the survival rate, mean developmental time, and mean adult head width of the progenies. Not probing was maladaptive under triple parasitism with oviposition intervals of 1/24 and 24/24 hours （where the numbers before and after the slash refer to the first-to-second and second-to-third oviposition intervals, respectively）, although no significant difference was detected in fitness returns for oviposition intervals of 24/1 hours. We suggest that the cost of probing （especially the decrease in the chance of future ovipositions） is a reason for the seemingly maladaptive absence of probing.

关键词： cost of reproduction Echthrodelphax fairchildii infanticide ovicide,superparasitism triple parasitism