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Optimized operation scheme of flash-memory-based neural network online training with ultra-high endurance

Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第1期45卷 33-37页

作者： Yang Feng Zhaohui Sun Yueran Qi Xuepeng Zhan Junyu Zhang Jing Liu masaharu kobayashi Jixuan Wu Jiezhi Chen School of Information Science and Engineering(ISE) Shandong UniversityQingdao 266200China Neumem Co. LtdHefei 230093China Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100084China Institute of Industrial Science The University of TokyoTokyoJapan

With the rapid development of machine learning,the demand for high-efficient computing becomes more and more *** break the bottleneck of the traditional Von Neumann architecture,computing-in-memory(CIM)has attracted increasing attention in recent *** this work,to provide a feasible CIM solution for the large-scale neural networks(NN)requiring continuous weight updating in online training,a flash-based computing-in-memory with high endurance(10^(9) cycles)and ultrafast programming speed is *** the one hand,the proposed programming scheme of channel hot electron injection(CHEI)and hot hole injection(HHI)demonstrate high linearity,symmetric potentiation,and a depression process,which help to improve the training speed and *** the other hand,the low-damage programming scheme and memory window(MW)optimizations can suppress cell degradation effectively with improved computing *** after 109 cycles,the leakage current(I_(off))of cells remains sub-10pA,ensuring the large-scale computing ability of *** characterizations are done on read disturb to demonstrate its robust *** processing CIFAR-10 tasks,it is evident that~90%accuracy can be achieved after 109 cycles in both ResNet50 and VGG16 *** results suggest that flash-based CIM has great potential to overcome the limitations of traditional Von Neumann architectures and enable high-performance NN online training,which pave the way for further development of artificial intelligence(AI)accelerators.

关键词： NOR flash memory computing-in-memory endurance neural network online training

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Interplay between epidermal stem cell dynamics and dermal deformation

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 280-288页

作者： Yasuaki kobayashi Yusuke Yasugahira Hiroyuki Kitahata Mika Watanabe Ken Natsuga masaharu Nagayama Center for Simulation Sciences Ochanomizu UniversityTokyo 112-8620Japan Graduate School of Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan Department of Physics Chiba UniversityChiba 263-8502Japan Department of Dermatology Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8638Japan Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0812Japan

Tissue growth is a driving force of morphological changes in living *** the buckling instability is known to play a crutial role for initiating spatial pattern formations in such growing systems,little is known about the rationale for succeeding morphological changes beyond this *** mammalian skin,the dermis has many protrusions toward the epidermis,and the epidermal stem cells are typically found on the tips of these *** the initial instability may well be explained by the buckling involving the dermis and the basal layer,which contains proliferative cells,it does not dictate the direction of these protrusions,nor the spatial patterning of epidermal stem *** we introduce a particle-based model of self-replicating cells on a deformable substrate composed of the dermis and the basement membrane,and investigate the relationship between dermal deformation and epidermal stem cell pattering on *** show that our model reproduces the formation of dermal protrusions directing from the dermis to the epidermis,and preferential epidermal stem cell distributions on the tips of the dermal protrusions,which the basic buckling mechanism fails to *** argue that cell-type-dependent adhesion strengths of the cells to the basement membrane are crucial factors influencing these patterns.

关键词： buckling rational initiating

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LINEARLY POLARIZED WHITE FLUORESCENCE FROM SHISH-KEBAB TYPE LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLY(P-PHENYLENEVINVLENE)S WITH(P-PHENYLENE)S AS KEBAB

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2012年第2期30卷 209-216页

作者：郑世军 Takaomi kobayashi College of the Material Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Department of Materials Science and Technology Nagaoka University of Technology1603-1 KamitomiokaNagaokaNiigata940-2188Japan

Liquid crystalline （LC） polymers with a shish-kebab-type moiety on their cross-conjugated （p-phenylene）s-poly（p- phenylenevinylene）s main chains were synthesized through Gilch polymerization in order to develop a kind of polymers available for linearly polarized white-light-emitting from single chain. In this system, the 2,5-bis（4＇-alkoxyphenyl）benzene as the ＂kebabs＂ connects with poly（p-phenylenevinylene）（PPV） main chain backbone using its molecular gravity center and the PPV as the ＂shish＂ or ＂skewer＂（the ＂shish-kebab＂）. The polymers possess desirable properties such as excellent solubility and liquid crystalline properties. To drop the ＂kebabs＂ of the 2,5-bis（4＇-alkoxyphenyl）benzene into the orientation microgroove of aligned polyimide film, not only the ＂shish＂ of polymer main chain can be aligned by the virtue of orientation of ＂kebabs＂ but also the uniform cross-conjugated structure between the ＂kebabs＂ and ＂shish＂ can be broken. Then, the alignment of the polymer main chain showed yellow light emission and was also accompanied by orientation of the LC side chains showing blue light emission, this gave rise to a notable linearly polarized white fluorescence.

关键词： Liquid crystalline conjugated polymer Shish-kebab Single chain white-light-emitting Linearly polarized whitefluorescence.

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Vortex structures downstream a lobed nozzle/mixer

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航空动力学报 2008年第7期23卷 1266-1278页

作者： Hui Hu Toshio kobayashi Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011-2271 Japan Automobile Research Institute Tokyo 105-0012 Japan

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the evolutions of unsteady vortex structures downstream a lobed mixer/nozzle.A novel dual-plane stereoscopic PIV system was used to measure all 3-components of vorticity distributions to revealed both the large-scale streamwise vortices produced by the lobed mixer/nozzle and the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex structures generated due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities simultaneously and quantitatively for the first *** instantaneous and the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions displayed quite different aspects about the evolutions of the unsteady vortex *** the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions indicated the overall effect of the special geometry of the lobed nozzle/mixer on the enhanced mixing process,the instantaneous vorticity distributions elucidated many details about how the enhanced mixing process was *** addition to quantitatively confirming conjectures of previous studies,further insight about the formation,evolution and interaction characteristics of the unsteady vortex structures downstream of the lobed mixer/nozzle were also uncovered quantitatively in the present study.

关键词：飞机涡旋不稳定性混频器

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OPTIMAL SUBSTRUCTURE OF SET-VALUED SOLUTIONS OF NORMAL-FORM GAMES AND COORDINATION

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2009年第1期22卷 63-76页

作者： Norimasa kobayashi Kyoichi KIJIMA Department of Value and Decision Science.Tokyo Institutc of Technology

A number of solution concepts of normal-form games have been proposed in the literature on subspaces of action profiles that have Nash type stability. While the literature mainly focuses oil the minimal of such stable subspaces, this paper argues that non-minimal stable subspaces represent well the multi-agent situations to which neither Nash equilibrium nor rationalizability may be applied with satisfaction. As a theoretical support, the authors prove the optimal substructure of stable subspaces regarding the restriction of a game. It is further argued that the optimal substructure characterizes hierarchical diversity of coordination and interim phases in learning.

关键词： Coordination curb set learning Nash equilibrium optimal substructure prep set rationalizability restriction retract.

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Development of a biliary multi-hole self-expandable metallic stent for bile tract diseases: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第11期7卷 1323-1329页

作者： Makoto kobayashi Division of Gastroenterology Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital

BACKGROUND Uncovered stents used for malignant obstructions in the biliary tree, especially in the hilar area, are prone to obstruction by tumor ingrowths. In comparison, however, covered stents may block bile duct branches and are at risk of migration. We have developed a multi-hole self-expandable metallic stent (MHSEMS), with a hole in each cell, to prevent the obstruction of bile duct branches. In addition, the holes may prevent migration due to small ingrowths by reducing the tension of the membrane. CASE SUMMARY MHSEMS were placed in five patients with a malignant obstruction and one with post-endoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding. Each MHSEMS was successfully deployed in all cases. Patients showed no complications. Two cases were reviewed. Case 1: A 74-year-old male presented with jaundice and was diagnosed with a sigmoid colon cancer and giant liver metastases in the right liver lobe. A MHSEMS was placed in the left bile duct. The jaundice improved and peroral cholangioscopy was performed. Case 2: A 90-year-old female was admitted to hospital for jaundice and diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma. A MHSEMS was placed in the left bile duct but after 8 months the stent became obstructed by tumor ingrowth. We treated the patient by ablation therapy. A silicone cover separated the internal bile duct from the surrounding tissue, protecting the latter from thermal injury during treatment by endobiliary ablation of the reobstruction. CONCLUSION A MHSEMS is a new choice of stent for biliary tract diseases.

关键词： Multi-hole self-expandable metallic stent Malignant biliary stricture Benign biliary stricture Hilar biliary obstruction Distal biliary obstruction Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation Case report

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A meta-analysis of responses of wheat yield formation to elevated ozone concentration

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第2期54卷 249-255页

作者： kobayashi Kazuhiko Department of Global Agricultural Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8657 Japan

The meta-analysis method was applied to quantitatively investigate effects of the elevated ozone concentration ([O3]) on chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange and yield components of wheat. There were 39 effective references through Web of Science (ISI, USA) and Chinese journal full-text database (CNKI, China). The results of meta-analysis indicated that elevated [O3] decreased grain yield, grain weight, grain number per ear, ear number per plant and harvest index by 26%, 18%, 11%, 5% and 11%, respectively, relative to ambient air. The decrease in leaf physiological characters was much greater than that in yield when wheat was expose to elevated [O3], while light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (Gs) and chlorophyll content (Chl) decreased by 40%, 31%, and 46%, respectively. The responses to elevated [O3] between spring wheat and winter wheat were similar. Most of the variables showed a linear decrease trend with an increase of [O3]. The most significant decrease for Asat, Gs and Chl was found in grain filling stage. Elevated [CO2] could significantly ameliorated or offset the detrimental effects caused by elevated [O3].

关键词：小麦二氧化碳浓度臭氧气体交换

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Hepatic pseudolesions caused by alterations in intrahepatic hemodynamics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第46期27卷 7894-7908页

作者： Satoshi kobayashi Department of Quantum Medical Technology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa 9200942IshikawaJapan

Hepatic pseudolesion may occur in contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging due to the unique haemodynamic characteristics of the *** concept of hepatic arterial buffer response(HABR)has become mainstream for the understanding of the mechanism of the reciprocal effect between hepatic arterial and portal venous *** HABR is thought to be significantly related to the occurrence of the abnormal imaging findings on arterial phase of contrast enhanced images,such as hepatic arterial-portal vein shunt and transient hepatic attenuation difference,which mimic hypervascular tumor and may cause clinical *** inflow to the liver also cause hepatic pseudolesion,and some of the cases may show histopathologic change such as focal hyperplasia,focal fatty liver,and focal sparing of fatty liver,and called *** understand these phenomena might be valuable for interpreting the liver imaging findings.

关键词： Pseudolesion Focal sparing of fatty liver Computed tomography Hepatic blood flow Hepatic hemodynamics Hyperplastic change

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Microfluidic-based flexible reflective multicolor display

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 244-254页

作者： Kazuhiro kobayashi Hiroaki Onoe School of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan

This paper describes a microfluidic-based flexible reflective display constructed using dyed water droplets and air gaps as pixel *** display is composed of a flexible polydimethylsiloxane sheet with a connected pixel-patterned *** types of dyed water droplets and air gaps are sequentially introduced to the microchannel through a suction process to display a multicolor *** displayed image is stable and can be retained without an energy *** ensure that images are displayed correctly,the geometric parameters of the dot pixel design and minimum differential pressure necessary to drive the water droplets are *** a demonstration,we successfully display three-color dot-matrix reflective images and bitmap characters in the *** proposed method can be applied to energy-less and color-changeable displays for use in future daily-life accessories,such as bags,shoes,and clothes,and can change the surface color and pattern of these accessories.

关键词： reflective fluid sequentially

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The Gauss maps of Demoulin surfaces with conformal coordinates

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Science China Mathematics 2021年第7期64卷 1479-1492页

作者： Jun-ichi Inoguchi Shimpei kobayashi Institute of Mathematics University of TsukubaTsukuba 305-8571Japan Department of Mathematics Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan

Demoulin surfaces in the real projective 3-space are investigated. Our result enables us to establish a generalized Weierstrass type representation for definite Demoulin surfaces by virtue of primitive maps into a cer... 详细信息

关键词： Demoulin surface Wilczynski frame Gauss map

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