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GATA4 mutations are uncommon in patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development without heart anomaly

Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第6期20卷 629-631页

作者： Maki Igarashi Kentaro Mizuno masafumi kon Satoshi Narumi Yoshiyuki Kojima Yutaro Hayashi Tsutomu Ogata Maki Fukami Department of Molecular Endocrinology National Research Institute for Child Health and Development Tokyo 157-8535 Japan Department of Nephro-Urology Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya 467-8601 Japan Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University Fukushima 960-1295 Japan Department of Pediatrics Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu 431-3192 Japan

Dear Editor, Disorders of sex development （DSDs） are a group of conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical.1 DSD in genetic males （46,XY DSD） primarily results from impaired androgen production or action or perturbed genital morphogenesis？ The current understanding of the genetic basis of 46,XY DSD remains fragmentary. For example, although more than 15 genes have been implicated in the development ofnonsyndromic hypospadias,2 one of the most common forms of 46,XY DSD,~ mutations in these genes account for 〈20% of the cases.3

关键词： TRANSCRIPTION HYPOSPADIAS ETIOLOGY GENE

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The Impact of a Heterogeneous Surface on Spatiotemporal Uncertainties of Sensible Heat, Latent Heat, and CO<sub>2</sub>Flux Measured over the Secondary Forest

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第3期12卷 171-182页

作者： Nanami Sakai Daisuke Komori masafumi kon Wonsik Kim Department of Civil Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Japan

The turbulent fluxes, such as sensible and latent heat fluxes and CO2 flux, are globally observed over various terrestrial areas in order to understand the interaction between biosphere and atmosphere. Although the turbulent flux observations are generally performed on a horizontally homogeneous surface, the spatial distribution of the soil moisture is not homogeneous even on cultivated land with homogeneous vegetation, indicating that the development of each plant would be different and that the plant physiology, such as photosynthesis and growth, would be heterogeneous. In this study, to clarify the impact of a heterogeneous surface on spatiotemporal uncertainty of turbulent fluxes, a simultaneous flux observation experiment was conducted at different heights (20 m and 30 m) above the ground surface in a secondary seasonal tropical forest located in the Tak Province, Thailand. We defined ε as the spatial uncertainty of the turbulent flow flux, as proposed by Kim et al. (2011b) [1], and observed that ε of CO2 flux was high, whereas ε of sensible and latent heat fluxes were low. This is likely to be caused by spatial uncertainty such as a heterogeneous surface. The CO2 environment was heterogeneous;however, sensible and latent heat environments were homogeneous because the source area received insolation uniformly. Therefore, the analytical results for the CO2 flux presented a different pattern from those exhibited by the analytical results of the latent and sensible heat fluxes.

关键词： Eddy Covariance Fractional Uncertainty Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory Simultaneous Flux Observation

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