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Analysis of Grassland Vegetation of the Southwest Heilongjiang Steppe （China） Using the Power Law

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第8期47卷 917-926页

作者： Mikinori TSUIKI Yu-Sheng WANG Yiruhan Michio TSUTSUMI masae shiyomi Faculty of Agriculture lwate University Morioka 020-8550 Japan National Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China Environmental Engineering Department College of Science and Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510630 China National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science Ecology Department Tochigi 329-2724 Japan Faculty of Science lbaraki University Mito 310-8512 Japan

In 1997, we conducted a vegetation survey in three semi-arid natural grasslands （steppes） with different livestock grazing intensities in Southwest Heilongjiang Province, China, The dominant grassland species was the grass Stipa baicalensis Roshev. Grasslands with light, intermediate, and heavy grazing intensities were located 10, 5, and 2 km from a village, respectively. Villagers use the steppe to raise cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. Each of the three grasslands was surveyed by placing 100 quadrats （50 cm×50 cm） along a 50 m line transect. Each quadrat was divided into four equal areas （25 cm×25 cm; S-quadrats） and all plant species occurring in each of these smaller areas were identified and recorded. These data were summarized into frequency distributions and the percentage of S-quadrats containing a given species and the variance of each species were estimated. The power law was applied to these estimates. The power law was used to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity and frequency of occurrence for each species in the grassland community. The lightly grazed grassland exhibited high spatial heterogeneity （caused by large plant size）, the highest species diversity, and a high occurrence of S. baicalensis. In contrast, the heavily grazed grassland exhibited high spatial heterogeneity （caused by patchy populations of small plant size）, low species diversity, and a low occurrence of S. baicalensis. We judged that the heavily grazed grassland was overgrazed and exclusion of livestock from the degraded areas is necessary for recovery.

关键词： degradation grazing intensity Heilongjiang (China) spatial heterogeneity species diversity steppe Stipa baicalensis.

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Effects of Feces on Spatial Distribution Patterns of Grazed Grassland Communities

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第1期9卷 121-129页

作者： Tamanna Islam Eiki Fukuda masae shiyomi Molla Rahman Shaibur Shigenao Kawai Mikinori Tsuiki The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate UniversityMorioka 020-8550Japan National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region Morioka 020-0198Japan Faculty of Science Ibaraki UniversityMito 310-8512Japan Department of Environmental Science and Health Management Jessore Science and Technology UniversityJessore 7400Bangladesh

Animals excrete feces during grazing. The uneven distribution of feces causes a spatial heterogeneity in grassland communities. In this study, we attempted to clarify the effects of feces on spatial distribution patterns of plant species. A field study was conducted on four grasslands each grazed by a single cow. These four grasslands were defined as Poa pratensis （Kentucky bluegrass） dominated grassland without feces （PoF-）, Poa pratensis dominated grassland with feces （PoF＋）, Zoysia japonica Steud. （Japanese lawngrass） dominated grassland without feces （ZyF-）, and Zoysia japonica Steud. dominated grassland with feces （ZyF＋）. A 50 m line that transects 100 equally spaced quadrats （L-quadrats） was drawn on each of the four grasslands. Each quadrat was 0.50 m × 0.50 m in size and consisted of four equal-area cells of 0.25 m ×0.25 m （S-quadrats）. The occurrences of all plant species were recorded in each S-quadrat. The binomial distribution （BD） and beta-binomial distribution （BBD） were used to represent the variation in spatial patterns. The BBD provided a significant description of the frequency distribution of plants per quadrat. A power law was used to calculate the spatial heterogeneity of each species together with the community heterogeneity. The results revealed that the plants on each of the four grasslands were aggregatively distributed. The ZyF＋ exhibited greater spatial heterogeneity than the ZyF-due to the uneven deposition of feces by cows grazing on the grasslands. Additionally we also found that the feces had effect on the heterogeneity inZyF＋ and did not have effect in PoF＋.

关键词： beta-binomial distribution power law feces grazing grassland spatial distribution

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The particular species determining spatial heterogeneity in shady and terrace on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2023年第1期15卷 39-47页

作者： XiaoMing Mou YingWen Yu Min Zhao YuQiang Li masae shiyomi Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Naiman Desertification Research StationChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730020China Ibaraki University Professor EmeritusBunkyo 2-1Mito 310-8512Japan

Spatial patterns of plant species and patchy community are important properties in ***,research regarding spatial patterns of formed patches with various species has not fully advanced until *** purpose is to clarify differences in spatial pattern formed by species and community constructed under shady and terrace *** three common Kobresia-Carex patches(Size 1,0.6–0.9 m^(2);Size 2,3.0–3.8 m^(2) and Size 3,6.5–8.8 m^(2))were selected in shady and terrace on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and corresponding quadrats of 1m1m,2m2m and 3m3m were placed for S1,S2 and S3 patches,*** surveyed quadrats were divided into 20cm20cm large cells(L-cells),and further divided into four 10cm10cm small cells(S-cells).We used the binary occurrence system(presence/absence data)to record occurrences of all species in *** analysis shows that the power law model was well able to determine the spatial distribution pattern of species or patchy community in shady and *** species and patches show aggregated distribution in shady and terrace *** the shady habitat,the relative spatial heterogeneity(ε)of individual plant species was lowest at presence frequency(P)of 0.1–0.3,whereas in the terrace habitatεwas lowest at P<0.1,andεincreased monotonically with increasing *** most dominant species,P andεvalues were higher in terrace than those in *** concluded that the dominant species largely determine spatial heterogeneity of the Kobresia-Carex patches,while companion and rare species have weak influence on the community-level heterogeneity in shady and terrace habitats.

关键词： Dominant species Power law Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Spatial heterogeneity Vegetation patches

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Fractals in Spatial Patterns of Vegetation Formations

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第4期11卷 462-469页

作者：宋志远黄大明 masae shiyomi 王昱生 Shigeo Takahashi Hori Yoshimichi Yasuo Yamamuru 陈俊 Institute of Ecology Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Bunkyo 2-1-1 Mito 310-8512 Japan Grassland Research Station College of Animal Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science 768 Senbonmatsu Nishinasuno Tochigi 329-2793 Japan

The spatial distribution patterns of species are always scale-dependent and spatially self-similar in ecological systems. In this work, vegetation distribution data collected from the vegetation map of the Xigaze region was analyzed using a box-counting method. The power law of the box-counting dimension （DB） across a range of scales （5-160 km） confirms the fractal patterns for most vegetation formations, while the fluctuations of the scale-specific DB among the different abundance groups indicate limitations of fractal coherence. The fractal method is shown to be a useful tool for measuring the distribution patterns of vegetation formations across scales, which provides important information for both species and habitat conservation, especially in landscape management.

关键词： area of occupancy box-counting dimension fractal scale vegetation formation

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Spatial Heterogeneity and Variability of a Large-Scale Vegetation Community Using a Power-Law Model

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第4期10卷 469-477页

作者：宋志远黄大明 shiyomi masae 王昱生 TAKAHASHI Shigeo YOSHIMICHI Hori YAMAMURU Yasuo 陈俊 Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Bunkyo 2-1-1 Mito 310-8512 Japan College of Animal Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science 768 Senbonmatsu Nishinasuno Tochigi 329-2793 Japan

Spatial heterogeneity and stability are fundamental indices for describing vegetation communities. The spatial distribution characteristics of the vegetation in Nenjiang region of northeastern China were evaluated using a variance power-law model. The data fits the model well with estimates given for the levels of heterogeneity for not only single species but also the community as a whole. The linear regression indicates that the species in the community exhibit a consistently organized spatial pattern, as is often discovered in field surveys but rarely seen in artificial systems. The species deviations from the regression line, which exhibit a leptokurtic distribution, may reflect the variability of the community. Thus, the model provides a general tool for management and regulation of ecosystems, especially where there is human disturbances.

关键词： power-law model spatial heterogeneity community variability leptokurtic distribution resilience

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Spatial Heterogeneity of Vegetation in China

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2007年第4期12卷 424-434页

作者：黄大明王昱生 masae shiyomi 柳小妮宋百敏陈俊 Shigeo Takahashi Yoshimichi Hori Yasuo Yamamura Ecology Research Station Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Grassland Research Station College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Bunkyo 2-1-1 Mito 310-8512 Japan National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science 768 Senbonmatsu Nishinasuno Tochigi 329-2793 Japan

The spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics of 74 vegetation types and the lack of vegetation type within the 9.6 million km2 of Chinese territory were studied using data from the China vegetation map. The analysis used 877 large quadrats 10 mm×10 mm （actual size 100 km×100 km）, which covered about 8.77 million km^2. Each large-quadrat was divided into four small 5 mm×5mm quadrats （actual size 50 km×50 km）. The frequency of occurrence of all vegetation types was recorded in each small quadrat. The survey using the shiyomi method of vegetation analysis based on the beta-binomial distribution was adopted to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average heterogeneity of all the vegetation types in the landscape provides a measure of the landscape level heterogeneity which describes the spatial intricacy of the existing vegetation composition. The maximum spatial vegetation heterogeneity was 0.8620 in the frigid-temperate coniferous forest of Larix （V1）, which dominates cold moist northeast China. The minimum spatial heterogeneity with a low occurrence was the Caragana tibetica in the gravel desert in the western Yellow River Hetao area. The minimum occurrence with a low spatial heterogeneity was the Monsoon rainforest on rock in Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces. The vegetation types on the Qing-Zang Plateau were found to be representative of Chinese vegetation because of the very high occurrence and spatial heterogeneity of these vegetation types. The weighted average of the heterogeneity was 0.677, while the vegetation diversity index was 3.29.

关键词： spatial heterogeneity beta-binomial distribution ecosystem evaluation Chinese vegetation

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Vegetation Spatial Heterogeneity of Different Soil Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2007年第4期12卷 413-423页

作者：黄大明柳小妮宋百敏陈俊 masae shiyomi 王昱生 Shigeo Takahashi Yoshimichi Hori Yasuo Yamamura Ecology Research Station Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Grassland Science College Gansu Agricultural University Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Bunkyo 2-1-1 Mito 310-8512 Japan Grassland Research Station College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science 768 Senbonmatsu Nishinasuno Tochigi 329-2793 Japan

The vegetation spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics in different soil regions were analyzed by surveying the vegetation in 12 different soil regions of Inner Mongolia, China, including coniferous-broadleaf deciduous forests, shrub, grassland, and desert regions with 1122 large 2 cm × 2 cm quadrats （actual size 30 km × 30 km, referred to as L-quadrat hereafter） in about 1.18 million km2. Each L-quadrat was divided into four small 1 cm × 1 cm quadrats （actual size 15 km × 15 km, S-quadrat）. The vegetation was analyzed based on the beta-binomial distribution to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average of the heterogeneity of all vegetation in the same soil region provides a measure of the soil regional landscape level heterogeneity which describes the spatial complexity of the regional landscape composition of the existing vegetation. Comparison of the vegetation characteristics in the 12 soil regions shows that, the calcic gray soil has the highest average vegetation type per quadrat. The largest soil region is calcic chestnut soil and has the most vegetation types. Every soil region has its own dominant vegetation sequence which dominates in occurrence and dominant vegetation types which dominates in spatial heterogeneity. For the Inner Mongolian vegetation, the weighted average of the heterogeneity is 0.60 and the vegetation diversity index is 4.47.

关键词： spatial heterogeneity soil region beta-binomial distribution vegetation Inner Mongolia

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中国土壤有效硼分布的异质性研究

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中国科技纵横 2017年第16期 220-225页

作者：黄善迎黄大明付一宸 masae shiyomi 清华大学生命学院生态学实验室北京100084 日本茨城大学理学部日本水户 310-8512

根据《中国土壤有效硼图》(地图出版社,1986)提供的相关数据,使用Masea shiyomi[1]提出的贝塔二项分布模型分析中国土壤有效硼分布的异质性.该方法在研究植物群落分布异质性中具有良好效果,我们尝试使用该方法对中国土壤有效硼的分布异... 详细信息

根据《中国土壤有效硼图》(地图出版社,1986)提供的相关数据,使用Masea shiyomi[1]提出的贝塔二项分布模型分析中国土壤有效硼分布的异质性.该方法在研究植物群落分布异质性中具有良好效果,我们尝试使用该方法对中国土壤有效硼的分布异质性进行描述,并通过结果对模型有效性进行评价.研究区域被分为479个10mm×10mm的大样方(实际大小为140km×140km),每个大样方被均分为4个5mm×5mm的小样方(实际大小为70km×70km).记录小样方中出现的土壤有效硼等级类型.实验结果表明,很低浓度土壤有效硼(1)在所有类型中拥有最高的异质性(ρ=0.8670),该类型土壤有效硼主要分布于中国东南沿海地区;很高浓度的土壤有效硼表现出最低的出现频率p=0.0756和最低的异质性程度,该类型土壤有效硼仅零星分布于中国西南内陆地区.全中国土壤有效硼加权异质性为0.7927.

关键词：空间异质性贝塔二项分布中国土壤有效硼

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内蒙古锡林格勒草原植被的空间分布模型(英文)

内蒙古锡林格勒草原植被的空间分布模型(英文)

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国际草业（草地）学术大会

作者： masae shiyomi Taisuke Yasuda Yoshimichi Hori Ibaraki University Graduate School of Science and ErgineeringBunkyo Ibaraki University Graduate School of Science and ErgineeringBunkyo Ibaraki University Graduate School of Science and ErgineeringBunkyo

＜正＞Small-scale spatial heterogeneity of grassland vegetation is measured by spatial distributions of individualspecies constructing the community, associations of species constructing the community, the community itself and the biomass, andthe species *** spatiak heterogeneity in grassland is determined by uneven management by human, uneven behavior oflivestock and the uneven environment.

关键词： Beta-binomial distribution Grassland community Inner Mongolia Spatial heterogeneity Species diversity Steppe Vegetation analysis

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缺失物种的群落生态:隐性多样性与黑色多样性

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中国科技纵横 2017年第16期 232-235页

作者：黄大明付一宸黄善迎杨丹 masae shiyomi Meelis Partel 清华大学生命学院生态学实验室北京100084 日本茨城大学理学部日本水户 310-8512 爱沙尼亚塔图大学生态与地学研究所爱沙尼亚塔图 51005

一直以来,群落生态学家仅仅关注研究地点的物种识别.但我认为,关注样本群落中的缺失物种可以帮助我们更好地理解群落模式以及它们的潜在过程,而不同种类的缺失物种中包含着不同的信息.隐藏的多样性由那些在我们视线以外的物种组成:它们... 详细信息

一直以来,群落生态学家仅仅关注研究地点的物种识别.但我认为,关注样本群落中的缺失物种可以帮助我们更好地理解群落模式以及它们的潜在过程,而不同种类的缺失物种中包含着不同的信息.隐藏的多样性由那些在我们视线以外的物种组成:它们处于休眠中或是局部数量稀少而被传统采样方式忽视.幸运的是,利用基于DNA研究的现代技术对环境信息进行分析可以帮助我们找到这些隐藏的物种.另外,根据栖息地类型和取样尺度可以得出一批基于共生数据的隐藏物种,而黑色多样性就由这些组成了该栖息地特定物种池的隐藏物种组成.黑色多样性可以由物种分布、扩散潜力及其生态需求确定.如果我们同时掌握了实际观测到的的物种多样性和黑色多样性,就可以估算出群落完整性并能够由此推断出某些物种在物种池中实际上是共存的.另外,世界上大多数物种其实并不属于所处群落的,具有栖息地特异性的物种池.可能是它们的生态需求不同于此栖息地,或者是它们的分布区在其它地方,所以这些缺失物种通常不与某个特定群落直接相关.然而,了解这些来自其它地区但能够适应当地生态环境的物种可以对未来可能入侵的外来物种进行预警(外来的黑色多样性).最后,在取样中出现的物种信息只有在其它物种没有出现时才存在意义,反之亦然.检测缺失物种的技术手段正在迅速发展,并将很快能够形成一个用于群落生态学研究的标准工具箱.

关键词：缺失物种群落组成黑色多样性 DNA 缺失物种(Missingspecies) 物种多样性物种池物种丰盛度

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