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The particular species determining spatial heterogeneity in shady and terrace on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2023年第1期15卷 39-47页

作者： XiaoMing Mou YingWen Yu Min Zhao YuQiang Li masae shiyomi Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Naiman Desertification Research StationChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730020China Ibaraki University Professor EmeritusBunkyo 2-1Mito 310-8512Japan

Spatial patterns of plant species and patchy community are important properties in grasslands.However,research regarding spatial patterns of formed patches with various species has not fully advanced until now.Our purpose is to clarify differences in spatial pattern formed by species and community constructed under shady and terrace habitats.The three common Kobresia-Carex patches(Size 1,0.6–0.9 m^(2);Size 2,3.0–3.8 m^(2) and Size 3,6.5–8.8 m^(2))were selected in shady and terrace on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and corresponding quadrats of 1m1m,2m2m and 3m3m were placed for S1,S2 and S3 patches,respectively.The surveyed quadrats were divided into 20cm20cm large cells(L-cells),and further divided into four 10cm10cm small cells(S-cells).We used the binary occurrence system(presence/absence data)to record occurrences of all species in S-cells.The analysis shows that the power law model was well able to determine the spatial distribution pattern of species or patchy community in shady and terrace.All species and patches show aggregated distribution in shady and terrace habitats.In the shady habitat,the relative spatial heterogeneity(ε)of individual plant species was lowest at presence frequency(P)of 0.1–0.3,whereas in the terrace habitatεwas lowest at P<0.1,andεincreased monotonically with increasing P.For most dominant species,P andεvalues were higher in terrace than those in shady.We concluded that the dominant species largely determine spatial heterogeneity of the Kobresia-Carex patches,while companion and rare species have weak influence on the community-level heterogeneity in shady and terrace habitats.

关键词： Dominant species Power law Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Spatial heterogeneity Vegetation patches

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Analysis of Grassland Vegetation of the Southwest Heilongjiang Steppe （China） Using the Power Law

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第8期47卷 917-926页

作者： Mikinori TSUIKI Yu-Sheng WANG Yiruhan Michio TSUTSUMI masae shiyomi Faculty of Agriculture lwate University Morioka 020-8550 Japan National Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China Environmental Engineering Department College of Science and Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510630 China National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science Ecology Department Tochigi 329-2724 Japan Faculty of Science lbaraki University Mito 310-8512 Japan

In 1997, we conducted a vegetation survey in three semi-arid natural grasslands （steppes） with different livestock grazing intensities in Southwest Heilongjiang Province, China, The dominant grassland species was the grass Stipa baicalensis Roshev. Grasslands with light, intermediate, and heavy grazing intensities were located 10, 5, and 2 km from a village, respectively. Villagers use the steppe to raise cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. Each of the three grasslands was surveyed by placing 100 quadrats （50 cm×50 cm） along a 50 m line transect. Each quadrat was divided into four equal areas （25 cm×25 cm; S-quadrats） and all plant species occurring in each of these smaller areas were identified and recorded. These data were summarized into frequency distributions and the percentage of S-quadrats containing a given species and the variance of each species were estimated. The power law was applied to these estimates. The power law was used to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity and frequency of occurrence for each species in the grassland community. The lightly grazed grassland exhibited high spatial heterogeneity （caused by large plant size）, the highest species diversity, and a high occurrence of S. baicalensis. In contrast, the heavily grazed grassland exhibited high spatial heterogeneity （caused by patchy populations of small plant size）, low species diversity, and a low occurrence of S. baicalensis. We judged that the heavily grazed grassland was overgrazed and exclusion of livestock from the degraded areas is necessary for recovery.

关键词： degradation grazing intensity Heilongjiang （China） spatial heterogeneity species diversity steppe Stipa baicalensis.

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Effects of Feces on Spatial Distribution Patterns of Grazed Grassland Communities

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第1期9卷 121-129页

作者： Tamanna Islam Eiki Fukuda masae shiyomi Molla Rahman Shaibur Shigenao Kawai Mikinori Tsuiki The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate UniversityMorioka 020-8550Japan National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region Morioka 020-0198Japan Faculty of Science Ibaraki UniversityMito 310-8512Japan Department of Environmental Science and Health Management Jessore Science and Technology UniversityJessore 7400Bangladesh

Animals excrete feces during grazing. The uneven distribution of feces causes a spatial heterogeneity in grassland communities. In this study, we attempted to clarify the effects of feces on spatial distribution patterns of plant species. A field study was conducted on four grasslands each grazed by a single cow. These four grasslands were defined as Poa pratensis （Kentucky bluegrass） dominated grassland without feces （PoF-）, Poa pratensis dominated grassland with feces （PoF＋）, Zoysia japonica Steud. （Japanese lawngrass） dominated grassland without feces （ZyF-）, and Zoysia japonica Steud. dominated grassland with feces （ZyF＋）. A 50 m line that transects 100 equally spaced quadrats （L-quadrats） was drawn on each of the four grasslands. Each quadrat was 0.50 m × 0.50 m in size and consisted of four equal-area cells of 0.25 m ×0.25 m （S-quadrats）. The occurrences of all plant species were recorded in each S-quadrat. The binomial distribution （BD） and beta-binomial distribution （BBD） were used to represent the variation in spatial patterns. The BBD provided a significant description of the frequency distribution of plants per quadrat. A power law was used to calculate the spatial heterogeneity of each species together with the community heterogeneity. The results revealed that the plants on each of the four grasslands were aggregatively distributed. The ZyF＋ exhibited greater spatial heterogeneity than the ZyF-due to the uneven deposition of feces by cows grazing on the grasslands. Additionally we also found that the feces had effect on the heterogeneity inZyF＋ and did not have effect in PoF＋.

关键词： beta-binomial distribution power law feces grazing grassland spatial distribution

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Fractals in Spatial Patterns of Vegetation Formations

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第4期11卷 462-469页

作者：宋志远黄大明 masae shiyomi 王昱生 Shigeo Takahashi Hori Yoshimichi Yasuo Yamamuru 陈俊 Institute of Ecology Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Bunkyo 2-1-1 Mito 310-8512 Japan Grassland Research Station College of Animal Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science 768 Senbonmatsu Nishinasuno Tochigi 329-2793 Japan

The spatial distribution patterns of species are always scale-dependent and spatially self-similar in ecological systems. In this work, vegetation distribution data collected from the vegetation map of the Xigaze region was analyzed using a box-counting method. The power law of the box-counting dimension （DB） across a range of scales （5-160 km） confirms the fractal patterns for most vegetation formations, while the fluctuations of the scale-specific DB among the different abundance groups indicate limitations of fractal coherence. The fractal method is shown to be a useful tool for measuring the distribution patterns of vegetation formations across scales, which provides important information for both species and habitat conservation, especially in landscape management.

关键词： area of occupancy box-counting dimension fractal scale vegetation formation

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Spatial Heterogeneity of Vegetation in China

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2007年第4期12卷 424-434页

作者：黄大明王昱生 masae shiyomi 柳小妮宋百敏陈俊 Shigeo Takahashi Yoshimichi Hori Yasuo Yamamura Ecology Research Station Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Grassland Research Station College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Bunkyo 2-1-1 Mito 310-8512 Japan National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science 768 Senbonmatsu Nishinasuno Tochigi 329-2793 Japan

The spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics of 74 vegetation types and the lack of vegetation type within the 9.6 million km2 of Chinese territory were studied using data from the China vegetation map. The analysis used 877 large quadrats 10 mm×10 mm （actual size 100 km×100 km）, which covered about 8.77 million km^2. Each large-quadrat was divided into four small 5 mm×5mm quadrats （actual size 50 km×50 km）. The frequency of occurrence of all vegetation types was recorded in each small quadrat. The survey using the shiyomi method of vegetation analysis based on the beta-binomial distribution was adopted to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average heterogeneity of all the vegetation types in the landscape provides a measure of the landscape level heterogeneity which describes the spatial intricacy of the existing vegetation composition. The maximum spatial vegetation heterogeneity was 0.8620 in the frigid-temperate coniferous forest of Larix （V1）, which dominates cold moist northeast China. The minimum spatial heterogeneity with a low occurrence was the Caragana tibetica in the gravel desert in the western Yellow River Hetao area. The minimum occurrence with a low spatial heterogeneity was the Monsoon rainforest on rock in Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces. The vegetation types on the Qing-Zang Plateau were found to be representative of Chinese vegetation because of the very high occurrence and spatial heterogeneity of these vegetation types. The weighted average of the heterogeneity was 0.677, while the vegetation diversity index was 3.29.

关键词： spatial heterogeneity beta-binomial distribution ecosystem evaluation Chinese vegetation

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Vegetation Spatial Heterogeneity of Different Soil Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2007年第4期12卷 413-423页

作者：黄大明柳小妮宋百敏陈俊 masae shiyomi 王昱生 Shigeo Takahashi Yoshimichi Hori Yasuo Yamamura Ecology Research Station Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Grassland Science College Gansu Agricultural University Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Bunkyo 2-1-1 Mito 310-8512 Japan Grassland Research Station College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science 768 Senbonmatsu Nishinasuno Tochigi 329-2793 Japan

The vegetation spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics in different soil regions were analyzed by surveying the vegetation in 12 different soil regions of Inner Mongolia, China, including coniferous-broadleaf deciduous forests, shrub, grassland, and desert regions with 1122 large 2 cm × 2 cm quadrats （actual size 30 km × 30 km, referred to as L-quadrat hereafter） in about 1.18 million km2. Each L-quadrat was divided into four small 1 cm × 1 cm quadrats （actual size 15 km × 15 km, S-quadrat）. The vegetation was analyzed based on the beta-binomial distribution to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average of the heterogeneity of all vegetation in the same soil region provides a measure of the soil regional landscape level heterogeneity which describes the spatial complexity of the regional landscape composition of the existing vegetation. Comparison of the vegetation characteristics in the 12 soil regions shows that, the calcic gray soil has the highest average vegetation type per quadrat. The largest soil region is calcic chestnut soil and has the most vegetation types. Every soil region has its own dominant vegetation sequence which dominates in occurrence and dominant vegetation types which dominates in spatial heterogeneity. For the Inner Mongolian vegetation, the weighted average of the heterogeneity is 0.60 and the vegetation diversity index is 4.47.

关键词： spatial heterogeneity soil region beta-binomial distribution vegetation Inner Mongolia

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内蒙古锡林格勒草原植被的空间分布模型(英文)

内蒙古锡林格勒草原植被的空间分布模型(英文)

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国际草业（草地）学术大会

作者： masae shiyomi Taisuke Yasuda Yoshimichi Hori Ibaraki University Graduate School of Science and ErgineeringBunkyo Ibaraki University Graduate School of Science and ErgineeringBunkyo Ibaraki University Graduate School of Science and ErgineeringBunkyo

＜正＞Small-scale spatial heterogeneity of grassland vegetation is measured by spatial distributions of individualspecies constructing the community, associations of species constructing the community, the community itself and the biomass, andthe species diversity.The spatiak heterogeneity in grassland is determined by uneven management by human, uneven behavior oflivestock and the uneven environment.

关键词： Beta-binomial distribution Grassland community Inner Mongolia Spatial heterogeneity Species diversity Steppe Vegetation analysis

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Spatial Heterogeneity and Variability of a Large-Scale Vegetation Community Using a Power-Law Model

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第4期10卷 469-477页

作者：宋志远黄大明 shiyomi masae 王昱生 TAKAHASHI Shigeo YOSHIMICHI Hori YAMAMURU Yasuo 陈俊 Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Bunkyo 2-1-1 Mito 310-8512 Japan College of Animal Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science 768 Senbonmatsu Nishinasuno Tochigi 329-2793 Japan

Spatial heterogeneity and stability are fundamental indices for describing vegetation communities. The spatial distribution characteristics of the vegetation in Nenjiang region of northeastern China were evaluated using a variance power-law model. The data fits the model well with estimates given for the levels of heterogeneity for not only single species but also the community as a whole. The linear regression indicates that the species in the community exhibit a consistently organized spatial pattern, as is often discovered in field surveys but rarely seen in artificial systems. The species deviations from the regression line, which exhibit a leptokurtic distribution, may reflect the variability of the community. Thus, the model provides a general tool for management and regulation of ecosystems, especially where there is human disturbances.

关键词： power-law model spatial heterogeneity community variability leptokurtic distribution resilience

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放牧梯度上群落物种数与物种组成结构异质性的数量分析

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干旱区地理 2011年第6期34卷 904-911页

作者：乌云娜张凤杰盐见正卫大连民族学院环境与资源学院辽宁大连116600 日本茨城大学

放牧干扰对草原的植物物种组成以及群落结构的影响过程是群落生态学的重要内容。在内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原轻牧、中牧、重牧3个样地上,设置100个0.25 m2的小样方,通过调查种类组成,比较小尺度区分面积上的物种多样性及物种数目的空间分异性... 详细信息

放牧干扰对草原的植物物种组成以及群落结构的影响过程是群落生态学的重要内容。在内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原轻牧、中牧、重牧3个样地上,设置100个0.25 m2的小样方,通过调查种类组成,比较小尺度区分面积上的物种多样性及物种数目的空间分异性;采用Bray-Curtis相似性指数法研究了不同放牧梯度上物种组成结构异质性的变化趋势。结果表明:样地群落物种数表现为轻牧>中牧>重牧,而小尺度样方内物种数与物种多样性均呈现中牧>轻牧>重牧趋势;在轻牧条件下,整体来看,小样方内物种数目的分布围绕平均值具有较小波动;在重度放牧区,不存在维持多个物种数的样方;而在中度放牧区,物种数的空间分布呈现"凹型"格局,相比于轻牧、重牧阶段,物种数在样方中的平均分布程度降低,即物种数目很多或很少的样方大量存在。从物种结构的空间异质性来看,轻牧区样方之间种类组成的相似性不明显,群落物种形成均匀分布;中度和重度放牧区,具有随机分布的群落物种结构。牧压影响小尺度区间面积上的物种数、种类构成及其空间异质性,物种数目的频度分布及种类成分相似性的蒙特卡罗模似统计运算,能够较好地拟合不同放牧梯度上物种分布的空间格局,反映群落演替动态。

关键词：物种数目物种结构空间异质性草原群落放牧梯度

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A measure for spatial heterogeneity of vegetation in the Center of Inner Mongolia

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第3期18卷 289-295页

作者： Baimin Songa,b, Daming Huangc,d, Renqing Wanga, shiyomi masae d, Fei Xua, Wei Wanga, Gaosheng Zhanga, Xianqiang Zhanga, Jian Qiaoe a College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China b Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China c Institute of Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China d Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito 310-8512, Japan e Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China College of Life Science Shandong University Jinan 250100 China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Institute of Ecology Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Bunkyo 2-1-1 Mito 310-8512 Japan Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This study surveyed and analyzed the vegetation heterogeneity in the Center of Inner Mongolia (CIM) by a new method based on the beta-binomial distribution for each kind of vegetation. As many as 190 large quadrats of 5 mm 5 mm (representing an area of 50 km 50 km) (referred to as L-quadrats hereafter) were extracted from about an area of 475,000 km2. Each L-quadrat was divided into four small quadrats (S-quadrat) of 2.5 mm 2.5 mm (equivalent to 25 km 25 km) and the frequency of occurrence of each type of vegetation was recorded in each small quadrate. The weighted average heterogeneity from all of the vegetations composing a land- scape provides a measure at landscape level to determine the spatial intricateness of landscape composition. Our results indicated that each vegetation has its own distribution pattern and the degree of heterogeneity is different from one kind of vegetation to the other. The results proved that the beta-binomial distribution can be very useful for analyzing vegetation landscapes.

关键词： Heterogeneity Beta-binomial distribution Frequency Occurrence Inner Mongolia

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