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Effect of forest thinning on hydrologic nitrate exports from a Nsaturated plantation

Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 387-395页

作者： masaaki Chiwa Hirokazu Haga Tamao Kasahara Makiko Tateishi Takami Saito Hiroaki Kato Kyoichi Otsuki Yuichi Onda Kyushu University Forest Kyushu UniversityFukuoka 811-2415Japan Faculty of Agriculture Tottori UniversityTottori 680-8553Japan Faculty of Agriculture Kyoto UniversityKitashirakawa Oiwake-choSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8502Japan Department of Plant Ecology Forestry and Forest Product Research InstituteForest Research and Management OrganizationTsukuba 305-8687Japan Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of TsukubaTsukuba 305-8572Japan

Although several studies have assessed the effects of thinning on water quality,including nitrogen(N)exports,few have examined N-saturated *** study assessed the short-term effect of thinning on N exports from a N-saturated plantation forest in northern Kyushu,western Japan,that was thinned(43%of basal area)during January-March *** levels at the gauging station were continually measured,and streamwater baseflow and stormflow samples were collected before(2011)and after(2013)forest *** precipitation before(2469 mm)and after(2418 mm)forest thinning differed little,and annual water discharge after thinning(1641 mm)was similar to that before thinning(1609 mm).However,direct flow during stormflow periods was higher after thinning(260 mm)than before(153 mm).The concentrations of major ions in stream water did not differ before and after *** a result,the high annual dissolved inorganic N(DIN)exports differed little before(35.8 kg N ha^-1 a^-1)and after(36.5 kg N ha^-1 a^-1)forest *** exports during stormflow periods were slightly higher after(12.2 kg N ha^-1 a^-1)than before thinning(10.5 kg N ha^-1 a^-1)and were proportional to the increased direct flow after thinning(561 mm after vs.470 mm before thinning).We concluded that thinning does not affect annual N exports from the N-saturated plantation forest,but it can increase the proportion of N exported during stormflow periods in proportion to increased water volume of direct flow after thinning.

关键词： Thinning Nitrogen saturation Nitrogen export Direct flow Baseflow

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Adaptive Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Dynamic Exchange of Control Parameters

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American Journal of Operations Research 2016年第5期6卷 401-413页

作者： masaaki Suzuki Department of Industrial Administration Tokyo University of Science Chiba Japan

Updating the velocity in particle swarm optimization (PSO) consists of three terms: the inertia term, the cognitive term and the social term. The balance of these terms determines the balance of the global and local search abilities, and therefore the performance of PSO. In this work, an adaptive parallel PSO algorithm, which is based on the dynamic exchange of control parameters between adjacent swarms, has been developed. The proposed PSO algorithm enables us to adaptively optimize inertia factors, learning factors and swarm activity. By performing simulations of a search for the global minimum of a benchmark multimodal function, we have found that the proposed PSO successfully provides appropriate control parameter values, and thus good global optimization performance.

关键词： Swarm Intelligence Particle Swarm Optimization Global Optimization Metaheuristics Adaptive Parameter Tuning

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Covering Salesman Problem with Nodes and Segments

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American Journal of Operations Research 2017年第4期7卷 249-262页

作者： Takafumi matsuura Takayuki Kimura Department of Computer & Information Engineering Nippon Institute of Technology Saitama Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nippon Institute of Technology Saitama Japan

In the Covering Salesman Problem (CSP), a distribution of nodes is provided, and the objective is to identify the shortest-length tour of a subset of all given nodes such that each node is not on the tour which is within a radius r of any node on the tour. In this paper, we define a new covering problem called the CSP with Nodes and Segments (CSPNS). The main difference between the CSP and the CSPNS is that in the CSPNS, not only the nodes on the tour but also the segments on the tour can cover the nodes not on the tour. We formulated the CSPNS via integer programming and found an optimal solution by using a general-purpose mixed-integer program solver. Benchmark instances of the CSPNS were generated by DIMACS, which is one of the benchmark problems of the Traveling Salesman Problem. Optimal solutions could not be obtained in a reasonable time frame for a large size of instances. Thus, in this study, we developed a simple heuristic method to find good near-optimal solutions to the CSPNS. The proposed heuristic method quickly finds good solutions.

关键词： Covering Salesman Problem Covering Salesman Problem with Nodes and Segments Combinatorial Optimization Problem Local Search Method

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Biochemically curative surgery for gastrinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第10期17卷 1343-1353页

作者： Masayuki Imamura Izumi Komoto Shuichi Ota Takuya Hiratsuka Shinji Kosugi Ryuichiro Doi masaaki Awane Naoya Inoue Department of Surgery Kansa Electric Power Company Hospital Departments of Surgery and Pathology Saiseikai Noe Hospital Medical Gene Research Center Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Department of Surgery Graduate School of MedicineKyoto University

AIM： To search for the optimal surgery for gastrinoma and duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. METHODS： Sixteen patients with genetically confirmed multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 （MEN 1） and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome （ZES） underwent resection of both gastrinomas and duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors （NETs） between 1991 and 2009. For localization of gastrinoma, selective arterial secretagogue injection test （SASI test） with secretin or calcium solution was performed as well as somatostatin receptor scintigraphy （SRS） and other imaging methods such as computed tomography （CT） or magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. The modus of surgery for gastrinoma has been changed over time, searching for the optimal surgery： pancreaticoduodenectomy （PD） was first performed guided by localization with the SAST test, then local resection of duodenal gastrinomas with dissection of regional lymph nodes （LR）, and recently pancreas-preserving total duodenectomy （PPTD） has been performed for multiple duodenal gastrinomas. RESULTS： Among various types of preoperative localizing methods for gastrinoma, the SASI test was the most useful method. Imaging methods such as SRS or CT made it essentially impossible to differentiate functioning gastrinoma among various kinds of NETs. However, recent imaging methods including SRS or CT were useful for detecting both distant metastases and ectopic NETs; therefore they are indispensable for staging of NETs. Biochemical cure of gastrinoma was achieved in 14 of 16 patients （87.5%）; that is, 100% in 3 patients who underwent PD, 100% in 6 patients who underwent LR （although in 2 patients （33.3%） second LR was performed for recurrence of duodenal gastri- noma）, and 71.4% in 7 patients who underwent PPTD. Pancreatic NETs more than 1 cm in diameter were resected either by distal pancreatectomy or enucleations, and no hepatic metastases have developed postoperatively. Pathological study of the

关键词： Gastrinoma Duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Selective arterial secretagogue injection test 5omatostatin receptor scintigraphy Pancreas-preserving total duode- nectomy Pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Aspirin-induced small bowel injuries and the preventive effect of rebamipide

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第46期17卷 5117-5122页

作者： Kazuhiro Mizukami Kazunari Murakami Takashi Abe Kunimitsu Inoue Masahiro Uchida Tadayoshi Okimoto masaaki Kodama Toshio Fujioka Department of General Medicine and Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineOita University

AIM:To evaluate the influence of taking low-dose aspirin for 4 wk on small intestinal complications and to examine the preventive effect of ***:This study was conducted as a single-center,randomized,double-blind,cross-over,placebo-controlled *** healthy male subjects were *** subject underwent video capsule endos-copy after 1 and 4 wk of taking aspirin and omepra-zole,along with either rebamipide or placebo *** primary endpoint was to evaluate small bowel damage in healthy subjects before and after taking low-dose aspirin for 4 ***:The number of subjects with mucosal breaks(defined as multiple erosions and/or ulcers)were 1 at 1 wk and 1 at 4 wk on the jejunum,and 6 at 1 wk(P = 0.0061)and 7 at 4 wk on the ileum(P =0.0019).Rebamipide significantly prevented mucosal breaks on the ileum compared with the placebo group(P = 0.0173 at 1 wk and P = 0.0266 at 4 wk).CONCLUSION:Longer-term,low-dose aspirin adminis-tration induced damage in the small *** prevented this damage,and may be a candidate drug for treating aspirin-induced small bowel complications.

关键词： Healthy subjects Low-dose aspirin Smallbowel injury Capsule endoscopy Rebamipide

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A body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with acute pancreatitis: a study of Japanese patients

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第6期16卷 645-651页

作者： Tsukasa Ikeura Kota Kato Makoto Takaoka masaaki Shimatani Masanobu Kishimoto Kenichiro Nishi Shuji Kariya Kazuichi Okazaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kansai Medical University 2-5-1 Shinmachi Hirakata Osaka 5731010 Japan Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Kansai Medical University 2-5-1 Shinmachi Hirakata Osaka 5731010 Japan Department of Anesthesiology Kansai Medical University 2-5-1 Shinmachi Hirakata Osaka 5731010 Japan Department of Radiology Kansai Medical University 2-5-1 Shinmachi Hirakata Osaka 5731010 Japan

BACKGROUND:In Asian population, there is limited infor mation on the relevance between obesity and poor outcomes in acute pancreatitis(AP). The objective of this study was to examine the clinical impact of obesity based on body mass index(BMI) on prognosis of AP in Japanese ***:A total of 116 patients with AP were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine relations between BMI and patients’ outcomes. Additionally, to investigate whether including obesity as a prognostic factor improved the predic tive accuracy of a Japanese prognostic factor score(PF score)a receiver-operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis of mortality was ***:Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that BMI ≥25 kg/m2was associated with a significant higher mor tality [odds ratio(OR)=15.8; 95% confidence interval(CI):1.1-227; P=0.043]. The area under the ROC curve(AUC) for the combination of PF score and BMI ≥25 kg/m2(AUC=0.881;95% CI:0.809-0.952) was higher than that for the PF score alone(AUC=0.820; 95% CI:0.713-0.927)(P=0.034).CONCLUSIONS:The negative impact of a high BMI on the prognosis of AP was confirmed in a Japanese population Including BMI ≥25 kg/m2 as an additional parameter to PF score enhanced the predictive value of the PF score for AP-related mortality.

关键词： acute pancreatitis obesity body mass index severity criteria prognostic factor score

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Mechanism of T cell hyporesponsiveness to HBcAg is associated with regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第27期12卷 4310-4317页

作者： Yasuteru Kondo Koju Kobayashi Yoshiyuki Ueno masaaki Shiina Hirofumi Niitsuma Noriatsu Kanno Tomoo Kobayashi Tooru Shimosegawa Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machiAoba-kuSendai 980-8574Japan Tohoku University School of Health Sciences 2-1 Seiryo-machiAoba-kuSendai 980-8575Japan Department of Gastroenterology Sendai Medical Center2-8-8 MiyaginoMiyagino-kuSendai 983-0045Japan Department of Internal Medicine Furukawa City HospitalSenjujimae-machiFurukawa 919-6183Japan

AIM： To study the mechanisms of hyporesponsiveness of HBV-specific CD4^＋ T cells by testing TH1 and TH2 commitment and regulatory T cells. METHODS： Nine patients with chronic hepatitis B were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with HBcAg or HBsAg to evaluate their potential to commit to TH1 and TH2 differentiation. HBcAg-specific activity of regulatory T cells was evaluated by staining with antibodies to CD4, CD25, CTLA-4 and interleukin-10. The role of regulatory T cells was further assessed by treatment with anti-interleukin-10 antibody and depletion of CD4^＋CD25^＋ cells. RESULTS： Level of mRNAs for T-bet, IL-12R β2 and IL-4 was significantly lower in the patients than in healthy subjects with HBcAg stimulation. Although populations of CD4^＋CD25^highCTLA-4^＋ T cells were not different between the patients and healthy subjects, IL-10 secreting cells were found in CD4^＋ cells and CD4^＋CD25^＋ cells in the patients in response to HBcAg, and they were not found in cells which were stimulated with HBsAg. Addition of anti-IL-10 antibody recovered the amount of HBcAgspecific TH1 antibody compared with control antibody （P 〈 0.01, 0.34% ± 0.12% vs 0.15% ± 0.04%）. Deletion of CD4^＋CD25^＋ T cells increased the amount of HBcAgspecific TH1 antibody when compared with lymphoo/tes reconstituted using regulatory T cells （P 〈 0.01, 0.03% ± 0.02% vs 0.18% ± 0.05%）.CONCLUSION： The results indicate that the mechanism of T cell hyporesponsiveness to HBcAg includes activation of HBcAg-induced regulatory T cells in contrast to an increase in TH2-committed cells in response to HBsAg.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Regulatory T cells IL-10 FOXP3 TH1

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Considerations of elderly factors to manage the complication of liver cirrhosis in elderly patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第15期25卷 1817-1827页

作者： Kenya Kamimura Akira Sakamaki Hiroteru Kamimura Toru Setsu Takeshi Yokoo masaaki Takamura Shuji Terai Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University

The aging of the organ function causes sensitivity to the disease progression and need careful consideration for the medical treatment. With the increase of aging population, the opportunity to provide medical treatment for people in very old age is rapidly increasing therefore, the understanding of the various physiological changes of cellular function, size and function of organs are essential for the decision of therapeutic options. Among the various chronic conditions seen in elderly people, we have focused on liver cirrhosis, since despite specific therapeutic options for many of liver diseases including direct acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus, nucleoside analogs for hepatitis B, and corticosteroids for autoimmune hepatitis, there is currently no standard therapy to treat liver cirrhosis, which is the final stage of these liver diseases. Therefore,management of the various symptoms of liver cirrhosis is essential, and agingrelated parameters must be considered in the decision making for therapeutic strategies and dosage of the available medicine. In this mini-review, we have summarized the therapeutic options to manage various symptoms of liver cirrhosis, carefully considering the physiological changes of various organs associated with aging.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Elderly patients Quality of life Aging

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Detection accuracy for epithelial dysplasia using an objective autofluorescence visualization method based on the luminance ratio

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International Journal of Oral Science 2017年第4期9卷 200-209页

作者： nanami yamamoto koji kawaguchi hisako fujihara mitsuhiko hasebe yuta kishi masaaki yasukawa kenichi kumagai yoshiki hamada department of oral and maxillofacial surgery school of dental medicinetsurumi universityYokohamaJapan department of oral hygiene tsurumi junior collegeYokohamaJapan

The autofluorescence visualization method （AVM） uses blue excitation light to assist in the diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia. It detects epithelial dysplasia as a black area, which is known as fluorescence visualization loss （FVL）. In this study, we evaluated the detection accuracy for epithelial dysplasia of the tongue using the objective AVM and assessed its possible clinical utility. Seventy-nine tongue specimens clinically suspected to have leukoplakia or squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） were analyzed. First, the AVM was subjectively performed using the Visually Enhanced Lesion scope （VELscope）, and the iodine-staining method was then performed. After biopsy, the histopathological results and the luminance ratio between the lesion and healthy tissue were compared, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was created. The cutoff value for the objective AVM was determined; the lesion was considered FVL-positive or -negative when the luminance ratio was higher or lower than the cutoff value, respectively. The histopathological diagnoses among the 79 specimens were SCC （n = 30）, leukoplakia with dysplasia （n = 34）, and leukoplakia without dysplasia （n= 15）. The cutoff value of the luminance ratio was 1.62, resulting in 66 FVL-positive and 13 FVL-negative specimens. The luminance ratio was significantly higher in the epithelial dysplasia-positive than -negative group （P〈O.O00 1）. The objective AVM showed much higher consistency between histopathological results than did the two methods （kappa statistic = 0.656）. In conclusion, objective autofluorescence visualization has a potential as an auxiliary method for diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia.

关键词： autofluorescence epithelial dysplasia oral cancer Visually Enhanced Lesion scope

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Improvement of a temperature response function for divertor heat flux monitoring in fusion devices

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Plasma Science and Technology 2023年第3期25卷 217-221页

作者： Xuan Nhat Son BUI Hiroto matsuura Yousuke NAKASHIMA Quantum and Radiation Engineering Department Osaka Prefecture University Plasma Research Center University of Tsukuba

Temperature response functions have been developed to investigate sensor design and divertor heat flux estimation in magnetically confined plasmas. The time-dependent heat flux can be derived by fitting the response function to experimental thermocouple(TC) data. Because the TC signals have a time delay to transit events such as discharge start or confinement transition, the time delay is taken into account in a temperature response function. Such a function accurately describes the signal from each TC channel with time delay in a sensor test using a neutral beam injection. Measurement for commercial TCs shows that the time delay is caused by the finite heat capacity of TC wire and contact heat resistance between TC and target surface.

关键词： divertor temperature response function thermocouple system primary delay

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