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Root growth dynamics during recovery of tropical mountain forest in North-east India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第10期16卷 2335-2347页

作者： Chalthleng LALNUNZIRA francis Q.BREARLEY Shri Kant TRIPATHI Department of Forestry Mizoram UniversityAizawl 796 004India School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK

Ever increasing pressures on tropical forests worldwide due to anthropogenic disturbances have greatly affected both above-and belowground functioning of these *** fine roots play major ecological roles in forests through assisting in nutrient and water uptake and returning elements to the soil environment,coarse roots play an important role in C *** studied changes in fine and coarse root biomass,production,turnover and carbon and nitrogen return to the soil in two regenerating forest stands(RFs)following stonemining that were 5 years(RF-5)and 15 years(RF-15)post-disturbance compared with a natural forest stand(NF)in Mizoram,North-east ***(<2mm)and coarse root(2-10 mm)biomass differed significantly among the forest stands and ranged from239(RF-5)to 415(NF)and 230(RF-5)to 436(NF)g m 2,*** root(fine+coarse)biomass increased during stand development but the proportion of very fine root(<0.5 mm)to total root production *** root biomass decreased with increasing soil *** and total root biomass showed strong seasonal correlations with soil moisture,more so than for rainfall and temperature,whereas these relationships were less clear for the coarse root *** amount of N(25-55 kg ha-1)and C(1.9-3.6t ha-1)stored in root biomass increased with stand age with a corresponding increase in production and turnover of C and N to the *** to these tropical forests negatively affected root dynamics,influenced their spatiotemporal patterns,and reduced the production,amount and availability of nutrients returned to the soil along with a strong reduction in the root biomass carbon pool and sequestration in carbon residence *** observed that root growth,especially fine roots,is dependent on abiotic variables,and plays a significant role in early stages of secondary succession by adding organic matter and nutrients through high turnover rates in these forests.

关键词： Total root biomass Element return Regenerating forest Root production and turnover Anthropogenic disturbance

Abundance and prey capture success of Common Terns(Sterna hirundo)and Pied Kingfishers(Ceryle rudis)in relation to water clarity in south-east coastal Ghana

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 226-238页

作者： Lars H.Holbech francis Gbogbo Timothy Khan Aikins Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaP.O.Box LG 67LegonAccraGhana Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Management University for Development StudiesBox TL 1882Nyankpala CampusTamaleGhana

Background: Water clarity may negatively influence rate of plunge diving and prey capture success of piscivorous plunge-diving birds, and therefore has implications for their conservation in polluted urban wetlands. We studied the relationship between water clarity and the abundance and prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers(Ceryle rudis) and Common Terns(Sterna hirundo) in two polluted coastal waters of south-east Ghana—the Weija Lake and Densu Delta Ramsar ***: On each wetland, data on abundance and prey capture success of plunge-divers were collected in four spatio-temporal quadrats of 100 m × 100 m and analysed with concurrent measurements of water quality parameters using GLM regression with Pearson's correlation ***: Mean prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers(34.7 e two species responded differently to water clarity. The± 13.1%) and Common Terns(35.3 abundance of Common Terns was± 11.0%) were similar but th significantly higher in less transparent/more turbid water while that of Pied Kingfishers showed no significant relationship with turbidity and transparency. In contrast, the prey capture success of Common Terns was neither related to transparency nor turbidity, as opposed to that of Pied Kingfishers which was significantly higher in more turbid/less transparent waters. Correlations between capture success and bird abundance, as well as capture attempts were insignificant, suggesting that increased fish abundance associated with cloudy water may not necessarily promote higher abundance and capture success of foraging birds. Thus, when foraging in less transparent water, capture success may depend more on predator avoidance by fish prey than lower prey detectability of foraging ***: Within a gradient of 15–51 cm transparency studied, lower water clarity did not constrain prey capture success of Common Terns and Pied Kingfishers. Further studies on the foraging ecology of plunge-divers in coastal Ghana are however r

关键词： Coastal Ghana Common Tern Pied Kingfisher Prey capture success Water turbidity and transparency

Fate and transport of theβ-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil–water systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 40-48页

作者： Heldur Hakk Weilin L.Shelver francis X.M.Casey USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory 1605 Albrecht Blvd.FargoND 58102USA Department of Soil Sciences North Dakota State UniversityAlbrecht Blvd.FargoND 58108USA

The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter（OM）.Sampling of the liquid layer for 14 days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. Less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4 hr,and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336 hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil：water systems, i.e., 42%–51% of the dose at14 days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption,these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils,may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events.

关键词： Ractopamine Transport Degradation β-Adrenergic agonist Soil

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Ship bow waves

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第4期25卷 491-501页

作者： NOBLESSE francis DELHOMMEAU Gerard LIU Hua WAN De-cheng YANG Chi State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides Ecole CentraleNantes France School of Physics Astronomy and Computational Sciences George Mason University

The bow wave generated by a ship hull that advances at constant speed in calm water is considered. The bow wave only depends on the shape of the ship bow （not on the hull geometry aft of the bow wave）. This basic property makes it possible to de- termine the bow waves generated by a canonical family of ship bows defined in terms of relatively few parameters. Fast ships with fine bows generate overturning bow waves that consist of detached thin sheets of water, which are mostly steady until they hit the main free surface and undergo turbulent breaking up and diffusion. However, slow ships with blunt bows create highly unsteady and turbulent breaking bow waves. These two alternative flow regimes are due to a nonlinear constraint related to the Bernoulli relation at the free surface. Recent results about the ove^urning and breaking bow wave regimes, and the boundary that divides these two basic flow regimes, are reviewed. Questions and conjectures about the energy of breaking ship bow waves, and free-surface effects on flow circulation, are also noted.

关键词： bow wave overturning wave breaking wave wave height wave energy

EFFICIENCY AND COMFORT THROUGH DEEP ENERGY RETROFITS: BALANCING ENERGY AND MOISTURE MANAGEMENT

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Journal of Green Building 2010年第3期5卷 3-15页

作者： Aaron Lubeck francis Conlin Duke University’s Nicholas School for the Environment Southern Energy Management(SEM)

Homes that survived to be called“historic”did so because they worked;that is,they delivered a level of performance that met the owner’s expectations and tolerance level without catastrophic damage to the home,pocketbook,or surrounding *** performance expectations have changed and now include a desire to use less energy while at the same time realizing a level of comfort that includes air conditioning and constant temperatures in all *** order to meet these performance expectations,old homes often require some“re-engineering.”Increasing insulation will advance energy efficiency goals,reduce costs,and make a home more sustainable but by itself is insufficient,and,often,it can also upset the moisture balance resulting in unexpected mold and sick building *** in moisture management design is a critically important consideration whenever energy efficiency is increased;however,many projects fail to address moisture *** article will walk through the process of insulating and air sealing a house(two very different activities,sometimes combined,sometimes not),and shed particular light on how different approaches encourage or discourage moisture problems.

关键词： air barrier energy auditing energy retrofits envelope historic retrofits insulation moisture control old houses recommissioning reengineering residential design thermal wall systems

Don’t Call Them Lobbyists

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国际经济合作 2009年第8期 1-1,95页

作者： Theo francis Steve LeVine

Businessweek, August 10, 2009Despite the rhetoric of the past 18 months, few in the nation's capital really believed the Beltway lobbyist would disappear overnight just because a new President vowed to change

关键词：美国国会政客议会

Is there a role for fish oil in inflammatory bowel disease?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第7期2卷 250-252页

作者： Affifa Farrukh John francis Mayberry Department of Digestive Diseases University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester General HospitalLeicester LE5 4PWUnited Kingdom

A number of animal and human studies suggest omega3-fatty acids are anti-inflammatory. As a result they may have a therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). The aim of this review is to briefly assess the literature about the utility of poly-unsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) in the management of IBD. Taken together, almost all studies suggest some beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs in IBD but the mechanism remains controversial. In addition, clinical benefit seems to be largely confined to ulcerative colitis. However all studies have concluded that these compounds have no potential for a steroid/aminosalicylic acid sparing effect or to maintain remission. Now the question arises as to whether this treatment is of real value to IBD patients?Clearly they have some therapeutic potential but further work is needed.

关键词： Fish oil Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Treatment n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids

Oxcarbazepine for trigeminal neuralgia may induce lower extremity weakness: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第5期8卷 922-927页

作者： Hyun-Gul Song francis Sahngun Nahm Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical CenterSeoul 07061South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam 13620South Korea

BACKGROUND Although few studies have reported hyponatremia due to carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine in patients with epilepsy,no study has investigated cases of carbamazepine-or oxcarbazepine-induced hyponatremia or unsteady gait in patients with neuropathic ***,we report a case of oxcarbazepineinduced lower leg weakness in a patient with trigeminal neuralgia and summarize the diagnosis,treatment,and changes of clinical *** SUMMARY A 78-year-old male with a history of lumbar spinal stenosis was admitted to the hospital after he experienced lancinating pain around his right cheek,eyes,and lip,and was diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia at the right maxillary and mandibular *** was prescribed oxcarbazepine(600 mg/d),milnacipran(25 mg/d),and oxycodone/naloxone(20 mg/10 mg/d)for four *** years later,the patient experienced symptoms associated with spinal stenosis,including pain in the lower extremities and unsteady *** serum sodium level was 127 mmol/*** oxcarbazepine to be the cause of the hyponatremia,oxcarbazepine administration was put on hold and the patient was switched to *** subsequent visit,the patient’s serum sodium level had normalized to 143 mmol/L and his unsteady gait had *** Oxcarbazepine-induced hyponatremia may cause lower extremity weakness and unsteady gait,which should be differentiated from those caused by spinal stenosis.

关键词： Case report Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions Hyponatremia Oxcarbazepine Spinal stenosis Trigeminal neuralgia

Evidence for Vacancy Injection during the Oxidation of Iron

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中国腐蚀与防护学报 2009年第4期29卷 293-295页

作者： D.G.LEES R.francis School of Materials University of ManchesterGosvenor StreetManchester M1 7HS UK

Iron discs have been oxidised at 890℃on one side only,with the other side protected by an inert *** scale-metal adhesion was very ***,scale-metal adhesion was maintained by the scale relaxing towards the metal but after a time which depended upon the initial metal thickness,oxide relaxation ceased and the inert face moved towards the scale-metal *** the face which was normally inert was coveredwith a non-growing oxide layer,the scale-metal adhesion *** results show that vacancies which were produced by oxidation were annihilated within the metal,that the inert face played a part and that the scale-metal interface is not a good sink for vacancies.

关键词：金属腐蚀防护铁材料