检索结果-南通市图书馆

The Strategic Form of Quantum Prisoners' Dilemma

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第5期30卷 4-9页

作者： Ahmad nawaz National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University CampusIslamabad 45320Pakistan

In a normal form, prisoners' dilemma (PD) is represented by a payoff matrix showing players' strategies and payoffs. To obtain the distinguishing trait and strategic form of PD, certain constraints are imposed on the elements of its payoff matrix. We quantize PD by a generalized quantization scheme to analyze its strategic behavior in the quantum domain. The game starts with a general entangled state of the form |ψ>=cos(ξ/2)|00>+sin(ξ/2)|11> and the measurement for payoffs is performed in entangled and product bases. We show that for both measurements, there exist respective cutoff values of entanglement of the initial quantum state up to which the strategic form of the game remains intact. Beyond these cutoffs the quantized PD behaves like the chicken game (CG) up to another cutoff value. For the measurement in the entangled basis the dilemma is resolved for sinξ >1/7 with Q⊗Q as a Nash Equilibrium (NE). However, the quantized game behaves like PD when sinξ >1/3;whereas in the range 1/7

关键词： bases behave strategic

Quantum State Tomography and Quantum Games

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第3期29卷 37-40页

作者： Ahmad nawaz National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University CampusIslamabadPakistan

A technique is developed for single qubit quantum state tomography using the mathematical setup of generalized quantization scheme for *** this technique,Alice sends an unknown pure quantum state to Bob who appends it with|0><0|and then applies the unitary operators on the appended quantum state and finds the payoffs for Alice and *** is shown that for a particular set of unitary operators,these payoffs are equal to Stokes parameters for an unknown quantum *** this way an unknown quantum state can be measured and *** speaking,this technique is not a game as no strategic competitions are involved.

关键词： state quantum operators

Distributed Stochastic Security Constrained Unit Commitment for Coordinated Operation of Transmission and Distribution System

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第4期7卷 708-718页

作者： Aamir nawaz Hongtao Wang Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Shandong UniversityJinan 250000China

With the high penetration of renewable energies in modern power systems,deterministic coordination algorithms are facing two major problems:one is degradation in accuracy if fewer scenarios are utilized for uncertainty evaluation while second is the high computational time if a high number of scenarios are considered for better accuracy・In both cases,the efficiency of the algorithm is degraded・To solve these problems in coupled transmission system and distribution systems(TSDS),probabilistic coordination algorithms are adopted to solve with less *** this paper,a TSDS probabilistic coordination model is proposed to solve the coordinated security-constrained unit commitment problem.A mean and standard deviation matching based probabilistic analytical target cascading algorithm has been utilized for evaluation of TSDS coordination *** of solving each scenario as a separate problem,the proposed algorithm considers a single coordination problem with probabilistic characteristics as shared variables and hence,achieves fast convergence・Different case studies are performed to prove the efficacy of the proposed *** verify that the proposed algorithm reduces computational time and resources for large-scale systems.

关键词： Distribution system mean probabilistic analytical standard deviation target Cascading transmission system

Risk-aware Distributed Optimal Power Flow in Coordinated Transmission and Distribution System

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第3期9卷 502-515页

作者： Aamir nawaz Hongtao Wang Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Shandong UniversityJinan 250000China

Active distribution grids cause bi-directional power flow between transmission system(TS)and distribution system(DS),which not only affects the optimal cost but also the secure operation of the power *** paper proposes a hybrid coordination method to solve the risk-aware distributed optimal power flow(RA-DOPF)problem in coordinated TS and *** operation risk evaluation,the weather-based contingencies are considered in both TS and DS.A hybrid coordination method is developed that entails analytical target cascading(ATC)and Benders decomposition(BD).Moreover,the risk-aware optimal power flow(RAOPF)in TS and risk-based security-constrained optimal power flow in DS have been performed using the BD method considering basic optimal power flow as a master problem,whereas N-1 and N-2 contingencies are considered as *** case studies are performed using the IEEE 30-bus system with generation reserves as a TS and a 13-bus system as a *** results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.

关键词： Analytical target cascading Benders decomposition distribution system preventive and corrective contingen-cies risk awareness transmission system

Enhanced catalytic complete oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane over mesoporous transition metal-doped γ-Al_2O_3

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 199-209页

作者： Abbas Khaleel Muhammad nawaz Department of Chemistry United Arab Emirates University

High-surface-area mesoprous powders of γ-Al2O3 doped with Cu^2＋, Cr^3＋, and V^3＋ ions were prepared uia a modified sol-gel method and were investigated as catalysts for the oxidation of chlorinated organic compounds. The composites retained high surface areas and pore volumes comparable with those of undoped γ-Al2O3 and the presence of the transition metal ions enhanced their surface acidic properties. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts in the oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane （DCE） was studied in the temperature range of 250-400℃. The catalytic activity and product selectivity were strongly dependent on the presence and the type of dopant ion. While Cu^2＋- and Cr^3＋-containing catalysts showed 100% conversion at 300℃ and 350℃, V3＋-containing catalyst showed considerably lower conversion. Furthermore, while the major products of the reactions over γ-alumina were vinyl chloride （C2H3Cl） and hydrogen chloride （HCl） at all temperatures, Cu- and Cr-doped catalysts showed siguiticantly stronger capability for deep oxidation to CO2.

关键词： Chlorinated organic compounds Catalytic oxidation Sol-gel method Mixed metal oxides

Gender disparities and woman-specific trends in Barrett’s esophagus in the United States:An 11-year nationwide populationbased study

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 60-71页

作者： Karina Fatakhova Faisal Inayat Hassam Ali Pratik Patel Attiq Ur Rehman Arslan Afzal Muhammad Sarfraz Shiza Sarfraz Gul nawaz Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Rubaid Dhillon Arthur Dilibe Benjamin Glazebnik Lindsey Jones Emily Glazer Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mather Hospital and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversityPort JeffersonNY 11777United States Department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahorePunjab 54550Pakistan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterWilkes-BarrePA 18711United States Department of Internal Medicine East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Dominic's HospitalJacksonMS 39216United States Department of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Internal Medicine Mather Hospital and Hofstra University ZuckerSchool of MedicinePort JeffersonNY 11777United States

BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus(BE)is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States,but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not *** practice guidelines include male gender as a predisposing factor for BE and *** population-based clinical evidence regarding female gender remains *** To study comparative trends of gender disparities in patients with BE in the United *** A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the 2009-2019 National Inpatient Sample(NIS)*** with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of BE were *** major outcome of interest was determining the gender disparities in patients with *** analysis for respective outcomes for females was also reported to ascertain any time-based *** We identified 1204190 patients with BE for the study *** the included patients,717439(59.6%)were men and 486751(40.4%)were *** mean age was higher in women than in men(67.1±0.4 vs 66.6±0.3 years,P<0.001).The rate of BE per 100000 total NIS hospitalizations for males increased from 144.6 in 2009 to 213.4 in 2019(P<0.001).The rate for females increased from 96.8 in 2009 to 148.7 in 2019(P<0.001).There was a higher frequency of obesity among women compared to men(17.4%vs 12.6%,P<0.001).Obesity prevalence among females increased from 12.3%in 2009 to 21.9%in 2019(P<0.001).A lower prevalence of smoking was noted in women than in men(20.8%vs 35.7%,P<0.001).However,trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of smoking among women,from 12.9%in 2009 to 30.7%in 2019(P<0.001).Additionally,there was a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse,Helicobacter pylori(***),and diabetes mellitus among females than males(P<0.001).Trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and a decreasing prevalence of *** and diabetes mellitus among women(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The prevalence of BE among

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Gender disparity Epidemiological trends Esophageal adenocarcinoma Screening endoscopy Female gender Risk factors

EFFECT OF THE COMPOSITION OF m-CRESOL/H_2O SOLVENT ON HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF NYLON 6

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第4期24卷 369-377页

作者： Musa Kaleem Baloch Mohsan nawaz Department of Chemistry

The intrinsic viscosity [η], Huggins constant （Ku）, [η]0, α^3 and flow activation energy values of nylon 6 have been measured in wateηm-cresol （0/100-20/80） systems at different temperatures （20-60℃）. It has been found that the intrinsic viscosity, [η]0 and α^3 increase with the increase in water contents in m-cresol up to 15% and then decrease. They increase with the increase in temperature irrespective of solvent composition. It has been noted that the percent increase of α^3 is the highest at 60℃ and the lowest at 20℃ for a particular solvent system. The intrinsic viscosity data obey Arrhenius equation over the considered conditions. The activation energy and the KH values decrease very sharply with the addition of water, giving a minimum value at 15% of water and then increase slowly. The variation of all the parameters has been explained in terms of variation in thermodynamic quality of solvent with the addition of water to m-cresol and change in temperature, resulting in the change of conformational and orientational properties of polymer molecules. This change of solvent quality also results in variation of selective sorption of solvent over the polymer, such as hydrogen bonding, etc.

关键词： Intrinsic viscosity Huggins constant Thermodynamic quality of solvent Activation energy Hydrogen bonding Conformation Selective sorption.

An indicator model for assessing community resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic and its validation: A case study in Hong Kong

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 222-234页

作者： Nan Liao Muhammad nawaz Departnent of Geography Faculty Art and Social SciencesSingapore 65166666Singapore

The COVID-19 outbreak had a significant negative impact on the world,and the fifth wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong brought a considerable shock to Chinese *** is a growing call for more resilient ***,empirical evidence and validation of modeling studies of resilience indicators for urban community responses to the COVID-19 pandemic still need to be *** this study,a resilience assessment indicator model comprising 4 subsystems,7 indicators,and 12 variables was developed to assess the resilience of Hong Kong communities in response to COVID-19(i.e.,Resilience Index).Furthermore,this study utilized regression models such as geographically weighted regression(GWR)and multiscale GWR(MGWR)to validate the resilience model proposed in this study at the model and variable *** the regression model,the Resilience Index and the individual variables in the resilience model are explanatory variables,and the outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic(confirmed cases,confirmation rate,discharged cases,discharge rate)are dependent *** results showed that:(i)the resilience of Hong Kong communities to the COvID-19 pandemic was not strong in general and showed some clustered spatial distribution characteristics;(i)the validation results at the model level showed that the Resilience Index did not explain the consequences of the COvID-19 pandemic to a high degree;(ii)the validation results at the variable level showed that the MGWR model was the best at identifying the relationships between explanatory variables and the dependent variable;and(iv)compared with the model-level assessment results,the variable-level assessment explained the consequences of the COvID-19 pandemic better than the model level assessment *** above analysis and the spatial distribution maps of the resilience variables can provide empirically based and targeted insights for policymakers.

关键词： Resilience Community resilience CoVID-19pandemic Resilience assessment indicator model Resilience model validation MGWR

Influence of absorber doping in a-SiC:H/a-Si:H/a-SiGe:H solar cells

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Semiconductors 2012年第4期33卷 1-6页

作者： Muhammad nawaz Ashfaq Ahmad University Graduate Centre(UNIK) Gunnar Randers Vei 19P.O.Box 70N-2027 KjellerNorway COMSATs Institute of Information Technology Off-Raiwand RoadLahore-54000Pakistan

This work deals with the design evaluation and influence of absorber doping for aSi：H/aSiC：H/a SiGe：H based thinfilm solar cells using a twodimensional computer aided design （TCAD） tool. Various physical parameters of the layered structure, such as doping and thickness of the absorber layer, have been studied. For reliable device simulation with realistic predictability, the device performance is evaluated by implementing nec essary models （e.g., surface recombinations, thermionic field emission tunneling model for carrier transport at the heterojunction, SchokleyRead Hall recombination model, Auger recombination model, bandgap narrowing ef fects, doping and temperature dependent mobility model and using FermiDirac statistics）. A single absorber with a graded design gives an efficiency of 10.1% for 800 nm thick multiband absorption. Similarly, a tandem design shows an efficiency of 10.4% with a total absorber of thickness of 800 nm at a bandgap of 1.75 eV and 1.0 eV for the top aSi and bottom aSiGe component cells. A moderate ndoping in the absorber helps to improve the efficiency while p doping in the absorber degrades efficiency due to a decrease in the Voc （and fill factor） of the device.

关键词： solar cells modeling TCAD amorphous silicon HIT cells