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Health 2013年第11期5卷 12-15页

作者： V. Monsef Kasmaei M. T. Talebian A. shams Akhtari Sh. Keykhah Emergency Department Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran Emergency Department Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Emergency Department Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Guilan Road Trauma Center Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran

Objectives: Local digital nerve blockade is frequently used in many trauma cases. Two commonly used techniques of digital nerve block with local anesthetic are the two-injection dorsal technique and the single-injection volar subcutaneous technique. In this study we compare various parameters of the single-injection volar subcutaneous block and the two-injection dorsal block. Pain score, amount of injected anesthetic, time of effect onset, patients’ and physicians’ satisfaction scores in each injection technique was compared. Methods: 128 participating patients were randomly divided into two equal experimental groups. Two-percentage Lidocaine was used as an anesthetic agent. Doses of 1.8 and 3-4 ml were used in the single-injection subcutaneous block and the two-injection dorsal block groups, respectively. Following injections, the patients were asked to score their discomfort experience on a standard visual analog scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (most pain imaginable). They also were asked to score the rate of their satisfaction from 1(no satisfaction) to 5 (most satisfaction). The onset of effect was determined using the pinprick test. Results: Our results demonstrate that the two-injection dorsal block technique imposes more pain but the pain score difference was not statistically significant. Both patients and physicians were more comfortable with the single-injection subcutaneous digital block method. This satisfaction difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: The single-injection method is more efficient and the patients were more pleased. The advantages of this method are its safety, user friendly, need of lower amount of anesthetic drug and its easiness to teach and learn.

关键词： Hand Surgery Volar Subcutaneous Block Two-Injection Dorsal Block

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铌处理钢的断裂韧性

国外低合金钢（合金钢） 1989年第1期 52-55页

作者： shams,N 王正跃

A novel 2-C reactivity studies of 1-aroyl-l,2dihydro-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran-3-ones

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 1990年第5期8卷 446-450页

作者： EL-KASABY,M.A. HASSAN,M.A. SHIBA,S.A. ABOU-EL-REGAL,M.M.Department of Chemistry,Faculty of Science,Ain shams University,Cairo,Egypt

The 2-C,methylene group of 1-aroyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran-3-ones (2)have been showed to possess a superior reactivity towards many of organic *** na- phthopyrones(2)condensed with aromatic aldehydes to give the 2-arylidine derivatives(3).Bromin- ation of 2 gave 1,2-dibromo(4)or 5-bromo(5)derivatives depending on the reaction conditions. The base catalyzed addition or cycloaddition of naphthopyrones(2)to 4-methoxy benzalacetophenone gave the expected Michael adduct(6)or the cyclic adducts(7-9)depending on the type of catalytic base and reaction *** of the products have been established by elemental analyses, IR and ~1H NMR spectroscopic methods.

关键词： CDC A novel 2-C reactivity studies of 1-aroyl-l,2dihydro-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran-3-ones 占一

Optimization of Liver Iron Load Assessment by Pixel-Based T2* MRI in Thalassemic Patients

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Open Journal of Radiology 2012年第2期2卷 46-51页

作者： Neda Gholizadeh Shahram Akhlaghpoor Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh Emad Fatemizadeh Mohammad Reza Alinaghizadeh Amin shams Akhtari Mohammad Nourizadeh Cardivascular Disease Research Center Ahvaz Joundishapour University Ahvaz Iran Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE) School of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of CT & MRI Imaging Tehran Medical Imaging Center Tehran Iran Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Noor Medical Imaging Center Tehran Iran Department of Nuclear Engineering Science and Research Branch of Azad University Tehran Iran School of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

Purpose: To improve liver iron load assessment by investigating the precision of different approaches of T2* Measurement. Background: Iron overload is a major problem in the treatment of thalassemic patients. Liver iron concentration (LIC) is an important index toward the management of body iron load. The accuracy of iron load estimation may suffer from the methodology of T2* measurement and there is no complete agreement upon the best approach of T2* calculation. Methods: 32 β-thallasemic patients (18 male) with the mean age of 20.0 ± 6.5 years were involved in this study. A multi-echo fast gradient-echo technique on a 1.5 T MRI system was used to measure liver iron overload and the T2* map of liver was reconstructed on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The T2* map and MRI images were utilized to deter- mine accurate location of ROI (region of interest). The mean of T2* were computed from the ROIs. The reproducibility of calculated T2* values in two methods were obtained. Moreover, the mean of the pixel’s T2* was calculated in the entire liver parenchyma of one slice. The T2* value of the entire slice was compared with the ROI approach. Results: In the ROI based method, the CoV for the intra-observer reproducibility was 8.5% and for the inter-observer was 9.78%. In the pixel based method, the CoVs for intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility were 2.79% and 3.91%. There was an acceptable correlation (r = 0.96) between the T2* values calculated by the ROI and the entire slice. Conclusions: The pixel-based approach is more precise to determine the appropriate placement of the ROI. The assessment of T2* in the entire slice reduces the user-based errors significantly.

关键词： Thalassemia Liver Iron Overload MRI T2*

The Influence of Zn<sup>2+</sup>Ions Substitution on the Microstructure and Transport Properties of Mn-Zn Nanoferrites

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2014年第13期5卷 932-942页

作者： Mohamed Ali Ahmed Kasim El-Sayed Rady Kamel Mohamed El-Shokrofy Ahmed Abo Arais Mohamed Said shams Materials Science Laboratory Physics Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt Engineering Basic Sciences Department Faculty of Engineering Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom Egypt Department of Physics and Engineering Mathematics Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Al Minufya Egypt

The effect of Zn2+ ions on the microstructure and electrical properties of Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 in steps of 0.1) through a solid state reaction has been investigated. The structural properties have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The XRD analysis confirms that all samples are in a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The experimental lattice parameter (aexp) was decreased with increasing Zn2+ ions substitution due to the smaller ionic radius of zinc content. The crystallite size (t) of samples was estimated by Scherrer’s formula and found in the range (90 - 115 nm). Dc electrical resistivity and Seebeck voltage coefficients were measured as a function of temperature using the two probe methods. The temperature variation of resistivity exhibits two breaks, each break referring to a change in the activation energy. The Curie temperature estimated from dc resistivity measurement decreases with increasing Zn2+ ions. Seebeck voltage coefficient measurements reveal n-type conduction for all samples.

关键词： Mn-Zn Ferrite XRD Microstructure IR DC Resistivity Seeback Coefficient

Evaluation of preventable trauma death in emergency department of Imam Reza hospital

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第2期7卷 135-137页

作者： Changiz Gholipour Bahram Samadi Rad Samad shams Vahdati Amir Ghaffarzad Armita Masoud Road Traffic Injury Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran Legal Medicine Research Center Legal Medicine Organization. Tehran Iran Emergency Department Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran

BACKGROUND: Trauma is considered as a worldwide problem despite socio-economic development. Motor vehicle accidents(MVAs) are the most important cause of trauma. Trauma related deaths are mostly preventable. This study aimed to investigate the causes and prevention of death in trauma ***: This retrospective, descriptive-analytic study assessed 100 trauma patients referred to our emergency department(ED) from January 2013 to Januanry 2015. The included patients were those with trauma died after arrival at our ED. Age, sex, cause of trauma, clinical causes of death, causes of death def ined by autopsy, way of transfer to the ED, time of ambulance arrival at the scene of trauma, and time elapsed to enter the ED from the scene of trauma were ***: In the 100 patients, 21(21%) patients were female and 79(79%) male. Fortythree patients were older than 60 years. Trauma was largely due to pedestrian accidents in 31% of the patients, and 33% had a hypo-volemic shock. About 80% of deaths were due to intra-cranial hemorrhage(ICH) or intra-ventricular hemorrhage(IVH), and spinal injuries were not preventable. Autopsy revealed that 28% of the patients suffered from internal injuries. Autopsy revealed that 19% of the deaths were not preventable and 81% were considered preventable. In our patients, 76 were transferred to the hospital by emergency medicine services(EMS). Analysis of time for ambulance arrival to the scene and frequency of death revealed that 52.2% of the deaths occurred between 11 and 15 minutes. Analysis of time for admission to the ED from the scene of trauma showed that 74.6% deaths occurred between 6 and 10 ***: The rate of hospital preventable deaths is about 80%, a high mortality rate, which denotes a lack of proper diagnosis and treatment. The time for arrival of EMS at the scene of trauma is longer than that in other countries.

关键词： Trauma Preventable death

Aqueous Extract of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) Increases Brain Dopamine and Glutamate Concentrations in Rats

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第3期3卷 315-319页

作者： Hosseinali Ettehadi Seyedeh Nargesolsadat Mojabi Mina Ranjbaran Jamal shams Hedayat Sahraei Mahdi Hedayati Farzad Asefi Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine and Neuroscience Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Fat Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Institute of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Neuroscience Research Center Baqyiatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

Recent studies involving human and animal models have identified that saffron helps in the improvement of depression. Antidepressants are known to function in part by increasing brain serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations. Therefore, to identify the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) underlying this property of saffron, we measured changes in rat brain dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and glutamate concentrations after administration of varying doses of an aqueous extract of saffron stigma. Male Wistar rats (250 ± 30 g) were administered a single dose of saffron extract (5, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 250 mg/kg, i.p.), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), and/or desipramine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and were sacrificed 30 min later. Brains were removed, homogenized, and centrifuged at 4?C. The supernatant was used for subsequent neurotransmitter detection by ELISA. Our results indicated that the aqueous extract of saffron (50, 100, 150 and 250 mg/kg, i.p.) increased brain dopamine concentration in a dose-dependent manner compared with saline. In addition, the brain glutamate concentration increased in response to the highest dose of the extract (250 mg/kg, i.p.). Interestingly, the extract had no effect on brain serotonin or norepinephrine concentration. Our findings show that the aqueous extract of saffron contains an active component that can trigger production of important neurotransmitters in brain, namely, dopamine and glutamate. In addition, these results provide a cellular basis for reports concerning the antidepressant properties of saffron extract in humans and animals.

关键词： Saffron Glutamate Dopamine Norepinepherine Serotonin

Comparison of the Use of Conventional and Antibiotic-Coated Tracheal Tubes and EVAC on the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 45-56页

作者： Mehrdad Taghizadeh Amin shams Akhtari Babak Heidariaghdam Seyedeh Hedieh Mousavipak Siamak Moghadamzadeh Mohammad Reza Haji Esmaili Faeze Vahid Department of Emergency Medicine Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Clinical Research Development Unit of Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Emergency Department of Hervey Bay Hospital Queensland Hervey Bay Australia Department of Cardiology Jam Hospital Tehran Iran Department of Basic Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Anesthesia Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Independent Researcher Tehran Iran

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most important hospital infections in hospitalized patients, which is associated with increased mortality and patient costs. The tracheal tube itself seems to be a major risk factor for VAP. Contaminated secretions pass through the endotracheal tube and reach the lungs. Also, bacteria form a bacterial biofilm on the tracheal tube and are transferred from there to the lungs. Different tracheal tube designs have been produced to overcome these cases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of an Evac tracheal tube covered with antibiotics and normal on the incidence of pneumonia caused by the ventilator. Research method: 180 patients were randomly intubated in three groups of 60 people with three types of tracheal tubes, Evac and Bactiguard. Clinical examinations, endotracheal tube aspiration culture, and chest radiography were obtained from the patients and the incidence of VAP was calculated based on the CPIS standard. The relationship between the type of endotracheal tube and the incidence of VAP and the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and being discharged alive from the ICU were investigated. Findings and conclusions: The average incidence of VAP for the group of patients intubated with a conventional tracheal tube was 50%, EVAC was 45% and Bactiguard was 40%. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the incidence of ventilator-induced pneumonia and the type of tracheal tube. The incidence of ventilator-induced pneumonia was not significantly reduced by suctioning subglottic secretions and Bactiguard tracheal tubes. It seems that using one method alone is not effective in reducing ventilator-induced pneumonia.

关键词： Intensive Care Unit Pneumonia Suction Ventilator

Effect of Fasting during Ramadan on Migraine Sufferers

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第4期3卷 373-378页

作者： Wael M. Gabr Enaase A. M. E. Barakat Mohamed E. E. shams Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Mansoura Mansoura Egypt Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine University of Mansoura Mansoura Egypt Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy University of Mansoura Mansoura Egypt

Background: Fasting during Ramadan in Muslim communities is distinct from regular voluntary or experimental fasting. Its consequent caffeine withdrawal, stress and low blood glucose level (hypoglycemia) may trigger headache in patients with migraine. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Ramadan fasting on the frequency of migraine attacks among observant Muslim migraine sufferers. Material and Methods: This research study was based on fasting Muslims;both genders were aged between 18 and 65 years. Fifty migraineurs were selected, participated and gave consent at Internal Medicine and Neurology Clinics in Riyadh National Hospital, KSA. Those patients were recruited over three consecutive months of Ragab, Shaban and Ramadan during the period of 2010 and 2013. The effect of fasting and special eating pattern during the month of Ramadan compared with the preceding two months (Ragab and Shaban) was studied. The primary parameters used for comparisons were migraine attack count, duration of migraine attacks in days, attack duration and severity of the attacks. Results: Only forty three migraine sufferers completed the current study to the end, 4 patients of them were males (9.3%) and 39 were females (90.7%). They were aged between 18 and 44 years (Mean ± SD, 30.9 ± 6.9 years). Most of the fasting migraineurs during Ramadan were caffeine drinkers (n = 36, 83.7%), cigarette smokers (n = 2, 4.6%), overweight or obese (with BMI?> 25) n = 27, 62.8%), under stress (n = 29, 67.4%) and with low to moderate physical activities (No exercise) (n = 31, 72%). The worst time for the fasting individuals was afternoon between 2:00 PM to 4:30 PM because majority of them had headache during these hours. This study showed a significant reduction in migraine attack count, number of headache days, number of attacks with acute medication and total medication intake among migraineurs during the month of Ramadan compared with the two pre-Ramadan months. Howeve

关键词： Migraine Fasting Hypoglycemia Migraine in Ramadan