Metabolic engineering strategies have been successfully implemented to improve the production of isobutanol,a next-generation biofuel,in Saccharomyces ***,we explore how two of these strategies,pathway re-localization...
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Metabolic engineering strategies have been successfully implemented to improve the production of isobutanol,a next-generation biofuel,in Saccharomyces ***,we explore how two of these strategies,pathway re-localization and redox cofactor-balancing,affect the performance and physiology of isobutanol producing *** equipped yeast with isobutanol cassettes which had either a mitochondrial or cytosolic localized isobutanol pathway and used either a redox-imbalanced(NADPH-dependent)or redox-balanced(NADH-dependent)ketol-acid reductoisomerase *** then conducted transcriptomic,proteomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate molecular differences between the engineered *** localization had a large effect on isobutanol production with the strain expressing the mitochondrial-localized enzymes producing 3.8-fold more isobutanol than strains expressing the cytosolic ***-balancing did not improve isobutanol titers and instead the strain with the redox-imbalanced pathway produced 1.5-fold more isobutanol than the balanced version,albeit at low overall pathway *** genomic analyses suggested that the poor performances of the cytosolic pathway strains were in part due to a shortage in cytosolic Fe-S clusters,which are required cofactors for the dihydroxyacid dehydratase *** then demonstrated that this cofactor limitation may be partially recovered by disrupting iron homeostasis with a fra2 mutation,thereby increasing cellular iron *** resulting isobutanol titer of the fra2 null strain harboring a cytosolic-localized isobutanol pathway outperformed the strain with the mitochondrial-localized pathway by 1.3-fold,demonstrating that both localizations can support flux to isobutanol.
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