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Age and sex specific t.ming, frequency, and spat.al dist.ibut.on of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay:Insight. from a large-scale radio t.lemet.y array

引用

Current.Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 563-574页

作者： David R.SMIt. Lorne J.BROUSSEAU mary t. mandt Michael J.MILLARD USGS Leet.wn Science Cent.r Cornell Universit. Cooperat.ve Ext.nsion U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

t. st.dy horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus spawning behavior and migrat.on over a large-spat.al ext.nt.（〉100 km）, we arrayed fixed st.t.on radio receivers t.roughout.Delaware Bay and deployed radio t.ansmit.ers and archival t.gs on adult.horseshoe crabs prior t. t.eir spawning season. We t.gged and released 160 females and 60 males in 2004 and 217 females in 2005. t.e array covered approximat.ly 140 km of shoreline. Recapt.re rat.s were 〉70% wit. mult.-year recapt.res. We cat.gorized adult.age by carapace wear. Older females t.nded t. spawn earlier in t.e season and more frequent.y t.an young females, but.t.ose t.ndencies were more apparent.in 2004 when spawning overall occurred earlier t.an in 2005 when spawning was delayed possibly due t. decreased wat.r t.mperat.res. t.ming of init.al spawning wit.in a year was correlat.d wit. wat.r t.mperat.re. Aft.r adjust.ng for day of first.spring t.de, t.e day of In＇st.spawning was 4 days earlier for every 1 degree （℃） rise in mean daily wat.r t.mperat.re in May. Sevent. nine % of spawning occurred during night.ime high t.des. Fift. five % of spawning occurred wit.in 3 d of a spring t.de, which was slight.y higher t.an t.e 47% expect.d if spawning was uniformly dist.ibut.d regardless of t.dal cycle. Wit.in t.e same spawning season, males and females were observed spawning or int.rt.dally rest.ng at.more t.an one beach separat.d by 〉5 kin. Bet.een years, most.（77%） did not.ret.rn t. spawn at.t.e same beach. Probabilit. of st.anding was st.ongly age dependent.for males and females wit. older adult. experiencing higher st.anding rat.s. Horseshoe crabs st.ging in t.e shallow wat.rs east.of t.e channel spawned exclusively along t.e east.rn （N J） shoreline, but.t.ose st.ging west.of t.e channel spawned t.roughout.t.e bay. Overall, several insight. emerged from t.e use of radio t.lemet.y, which advances our underst.nding of horseshoe crab ecology and will be useful in conserving t.e Delaware Bay horseshoe crab populat.on and habit.

关键词： Spawning behavior Marine art.ropod Xiphosurid Limulus polyphemus Delaware Bay Radio t.lemet.y

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