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The Identification of Prenatal Exposure to Mitragynine Using Umbilical Cord Tissue

2014年

作者： mary jones Geoff jones

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022年第4期13卷 162-174页

作者： mary Ellen Wright Donna Coy Joseph jones Andre Sukta Amy Racines mary jones Clemson University School of Nursing Greenville SC USA United States Drug Testing Laboratories Des Plaines USA

Objective: Kratom is widely available and literature exploring the effects of prenatal kratom exposure is lacking. This study aims to report a validated method for the detection of mitragynine in the umbilical cord and report our observations for specimens received at a national commercial reference laboratory. Study Design: Assays were validated according to the recommendations of ANSI/ASB. A retrospective evaluation of records at a national reference laboratory was conducted to determine prevalence and co-exposure to other substances of abuse. Result: Mitragynine was detected in 19 of 4456 specimens (0.43%) with concentrations ranging from 4 to >50 ng/g. Thirteen (13) of these specimens were positive for only mitragynine while the other 6 were also positive for either marijuana or opiates. Conclusion: Umbilical cord is a suitable specimen type for the surveillance of maternal kratom use and can be used to identify exposed neonates for further investigations into short- or long- term health consequences.

关键词： Kratom Mitragyna Speciose Mitragynine Umbilical Cord Prenatal Exposure Maternal Drug Use

The Detection of 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphoethanol and Ethyl Glucuronide in Human Umbilical Cord

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第12期3卷 800-810页

作者： Joseph jones mary jones Charles Plate Douglas Lewis United States Drug Testing Laboratories Des Plaines USA

In utero exposure to ethanol continues to be a significant public health issue and neonatal healthcare professionals are in need of objective means to identify exposed newborns. The aim of this study was to fully validate two methods for the detection of two direct alcohol biomarkers, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol (POPE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG), in umbilical cord and apply the assays to a group of authentic specimens. The limits of detections were 2 and 1 ng/g for POPE and ETG and the limits of quantitation were 4 and 3 ng/g, respectively. Inter and intra-day precision and accuracy measurements were within 15%. The assays were applied to 308 authentic specimens where we detected POPE in five (1.6%) specimens and EtG in twelve (3.9%) specimens. The mean concentrations were 11.4 ng/g ± 9.4 ng/g and 127.2 ± 227.7 ng/g for POPE and EtG, respectively. This study suggested that umbilical cord was a suitable specimen type for the identification of newborns exposed to ethanol in the womb and the prevalence of POPE and EtG detected in umbilical cord were consistent with the prevalence of self-reported binge drinking reported by the National Birth Defect Prevention Study (NBDPS) and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Further studies are required to fully describe the association between the observed concentrations of POPE and EtG in umbilical cord to the level of maternal consumption of ethanol.

关键词： Phosphatidylethanol Ethyl Glucuronide Umbilical Cord Ethanol Fetus LC-MS/MS Prenatal Exposure Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders FASD

The Detection of THCA Using 2-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Human Fingernail Clippings: Method Validation and Comparison with Head Hair

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第10期4卷 1-8页

作者： Joseph jones mary jones Charles Plate Douglas Lewis United States Drug Testing Laboratories Inc. Des Plaines USA

Marijuana use as well as abuse is a significant public health and public safety concern in the United States and using hair to identify marijuana users and abusers has been gaining acceptance in a number of venues including workplace, court ordered, and substance abuse treatment monitoring. After the presentation of a fully validated 2-dimensional gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCA), the chief metabolite of the main psychoactive compound in marijuana, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), we evaluated the usefulness of fingernail clippings as an alternative specimen type to hair by the analysis of a set of 60 matched pairs of head hair and fingernail clippings. The limit of detection was 10 fg/mg, the limit of quantitation was 20 fg/mg, and the assay was linear from 20 fg/mg to 500 fg/mg. The intra- and inter-assay imprecision and bias studies at 4 different concentrations (50, 100, 500, and 1000 fg/mg) were acceptable where all % Target observations were within 16% of their expected concentrations and all %CV calculations were less than 13.5%. THCA was detectable in more fingernail specimens (53.3%) than hair specimens (46.7%) and the mean concentrations in nails were on average 4.9 times higher than in hair (1813 fg/mg and 364 fg/mg, respectively). The THCA concentrations in hair and nail were strongly associated (r = 0.974, P < 0.01, n = 60) and the association was significant. The study demonstrated that fingernail clippings are a suitable alternative specimen type to hair to monitor for marijuana use and abuse.

关键词： 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol THCA Carboxy-THC Hair Fingernail 2D-GC-MS/MS 2-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Long-Term Detection of Propofol Glucuronide in Urine Following Anesthetic Induction and Maintenance with Propofol

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第7期4卷 528-534页

作者： Joseph Salerno Joseph jones mary jones Charles Plate Douglas Lewis United States Drug Testing Laboratories Inc. (USDTL) Des Plaines USA United States Drug Testing Laboratories Inc. (USDTL) Des Plaines USA.

Propofol is the most commonly used compound for the intravenous induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Propofol addiction and abuse have become causes for concern in the healthcare community, especially among anesthesia and surgical professionals. The US Drug Enforcement Administration does not list propofol on any Schedules and most hospitals do not have inventory controls in place to prevent its misuse. Propofol is detectable in blood plasma as the parent compound for as much as 15 hours post-anesthesia. The metabolite propofol glucuronide (PPFG) has been detected in blood and urine as far out as 60 hours. Here we report the long-term renal excretion of PPFG in specimens from A) four participants following a 14-day course of orally ingested propofol dosing, and B) a female patient following anesthetic induction and 15 minutes’ maintenance with propofol. Urinary PPFG was measurable well above limits of quantitation up to 6 days following oral ingestion and 28 days post-anesthesia. We also present a third set of data evaluating the likelihood of passive exposure to aerosolized propofol in the surgical environment by analyzing the levels of urinary PPFG of healthcare workers following operating room work shifts. The results presented here demonstrate that quantitation of PPFG in urinary samples is an efficient method of long-term screening for propofol misuse and abuse.

关键词： Anesthetics Drug Testing Metabolism Pharmacokinetics Propofol Propofol Glucuronide Urine

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay to Detect Ethyl Glucuronide in Human Fingernail: Comparison to Hair and Gender Differences

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第1期3卷 83-91页

作者： Joseph jones mary jones Charles Plate Douglas Lewis Michael Fendrich Lisa Berger Daniel Fuhrmann United States Drug Testing Laboratories Inc. Des Plaines USA. Center for Addiction and Behavioral Health Research University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee USA.

Over the past decade, the use of hair specimens for the long-term detection of the alcohol biomarker ethyl glucuronide has been increasing in popularity and usage. We evaluated the usefulness of fingernail clippings as a suitable alterna-tive to hair for ethyl glucuronide detection. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of ethyl glucuronide in fingernail clippings was fully validated and used to analyze the hair and/or fingernail specimens of 606 college-aged study participants. The limit of detection was 2 pg/mg, the limit of quantitation was 8 pg/mg and the method was linear from 8 to 2000 pg/mg. Intra- and inter-assay imprecision studies at three different concentrations (20, 40, 200 pg/mg) were all within 7.8% and all intra- and inter-assay bias studies at these levels were within 115.1% of target concentration. Ethyl glucuronide levels in fingernail (mean = 29.1 ± 55.6 pg/mg) were higher than ethyl glucuronide levels in hair (mean = 9.48 ± 22.3 pg/mg) and a correlation of the matched pairs was observed (r = 0.552, P < 0.01, n = 529). Evaluating each gender separately revealed that the correlation of male fingernail to male hair was large and significant (r = 0.782, P < 0.01, n = 195) while female hair to female fingernail was small yet sig-nificant (r = 0.249, P < 0.01, n = 334). The study results demonstrated that fingernail may be a suitable alternative to hair for ethyl glucuronide detection and may be the preferred sample type due to the lack of a gender bias.

关键词： Alcohol Biomarkers Liquid Chromatography-Tandem mass Spectrometry LC-MS/MS Ethyl Glucuronide Fingernail Hair

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To The Secretary

Crouzon syndrome mouse model exhibits cartilage hyperproliferation and defective segmentation in the developing trachea

作者： (author.)Thompson-jones mary A.

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第10期62卷 1375-1380页

作者： Elizabeth A. Hines mary-Kayt N. jones Julie F. Harvey Chad Perlyn David M. Ornitz Xin Sun Jamie M. Verheyden Laboratory of Genetics University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Surgery Florida International University College of MedicineMiamiFL 33199USA Department of Developmental Biology Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO 63110USA Department of Pediatrics University of California-San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Crouzon syndrome is the result of a gain-of-function point mutation in FGFR2. Mimicking the human mutation, a mouse model of Crouzon syndrome(Fgfr2342Y) recapitulates patient deformities, including failed tracheal cartilage segmentation, resulting in a cartilaginous sleeve in the homozygous mutants. We found that the Fgfr2C342Y/C^342Y mutants exhibited an increase in chondrocytes prior to segmentation. This increase is due at least in part to over proliferation. Genetic ablation of chondrocytes in the mutant led to restoration of segmentation in the lateral but not central portion of the trachea. These results suggest that in the Fgfr2C342Y/C342Y mutants, increased cartilage cell proliferation precedes and contributes to the disruption of cartilage segmentation in the developing trachea.

关键词： trachea lung mouse development

An innovation in child health:Globally reaching out to child health professionals

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2016年第3期4卷 35-44页

作者： Russell jones Kathryn Currow mary Kwong Pramila Menon School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityWAAustralia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health University of SydneyThe Children’s Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNSWAustralia Hong Kong College of Family Physicians AberdeenHong KongChina Department of Genetics ImmunologyBiochemistry and NutritionMaharashtra University of Health SciencesAundh Civil HospitalSanghavi PhataAundh PuneIndia

Worldwide deaths of children younger than 5 years reduced from 12.7 million in 1990 to 6.3 million in *** of this decline is attributed to an increase in the knowledge,skills,and abilities of child health *** turn this increase in knowledge,skills,and abilities has been brought about by increased child-health-focused education available to child health *** child-health-focused education must be part of the strategy to eliminate the remaining 6.3 million deaths and to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development *** article describes a child-health-focused program that was established in 1992 and operates in 20 countries:Australia,Bangladesh,Botswana,Cambodia,China,Ethiopia,Hong Kong,India,Kenya,Malawi,Mongolia,Myanmar,Sierra Leone,the Seychelles,the Solomon Islands,Tanzania,Tonga,Vanuatu,Vietnam,and *** Diploma in Child Health/International Postgraduate Paediatric Certificate(DCH/IPPC)course provides a comprehensive overview of evidence-based current best practice in *** includes all subspecialty areas from infectious diseases and emergency medicine through to endocrinology,respiratory medicine,neurology,nutrition,and *** is developed and presented by international medical experts in response to global child health *** is provided to students via a combination of learning outcomes,webcasts,lecture notes,personalized study,tutorials,case studies,and clinical *** hundred eleven webcasts are provided,and these are updated *** article includes a brief discussion of the value and focus of medical education programs;a description of the DCH/IPPC course content,approaches to teaching and learning,course structure and the funding model;the most recent evaluation of the DCH/IPPC course;and recommendations for overcoming the challenges for implementing a multinational child-health-focused program.

关键词： Child health pediatrics global health health education

The comparative efficacy of ezetimibe added to atorvastatin 10 mg versus uptitration to atorvastatin 40 mg in subgroups of patients aged 65 to 74 years or greater than or equal to 75 years

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Ori Ben-Yehuda Nanette K. Wenger Christian Constance Franklin Zieve mary E. Hanson Jian-Xin Lin Arvind K. Shah Charlotte jones-Burton Andrew M. Tershakovec University of California San Diego 200 West Arbor Drive La Jolla CA 92103 USA Emory University School of Medicine 49 Jess Hill Jr Dr SE Atlanta GA 30303 USA SHopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Recherche Clinique/Polyclinique 5415 Boulevard de l＇Assomption Suite 295 Montreal Quebec QC H1T2M4 Canada McGuire VA Medical Center 1201 Broad Rock Blvd （151） Richmond VA 23249 USA Merck-Sharp ＆ Dohme One Merck Drive Whitehouse Station NJ 08889 USA

Background Coronary heart disease （CHD） risk increases with age; yet lipid-lowering therapies are significantly under-utilized in patients 〉 65 years. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lipid-lowering therapies in older patients treated with atorvastatin 10 nag ＋ ezetimibe 10 mg （EZ/Atorva） vs. increasing the atorvastatin dose to 40 mg, Methods Patients 〉 65 years with atherosclerotic vascular disease （LDL-C ≥1.81 mmol/L） or at high risk for coronary heart disease （LDL-C 〉 2.59 mmol/L） were randomized to EZ/Atorva for 12 wk vs. uptitration to atorvastatin 20 nag for 6 wk followed by atorvastatin 40 nag for 6 wk. The percent change in LDL-C and other lipid parameters and percent patients achieving prespecified LDL-C levels were assessed after 12 wk. Results EZ/Atorva produced greater reductions in most lipid parameters vs. uptitration of atorvastatin in patients 〉 75 years （n = 228）, generally consistent with patients 65-74 years （n = 812）. More patients achieved LDL-C targets with combination therapy vs. monotherapy in both age groups at 6 wk and in patients 〉 75 years at 12 wk. At 12 wk, more patients 〉 75 years achieved LDL-C targets with monotherapy vs. combination therapy. EZ/Atorva produced more favorable improvements in most lipids vs. doubling or quadrupling the atorvastatin dose in patients 〉 75 years, generally consistent with the findings in patients 65-74 years. Conclusions Our results extended previous findings demonstrating that ezetimibe added to a statin provided a generally well-tolerated therapeutic option for improving the lipid profile in patients 65 to 74 years and 〉 75 years of age.

关键词： cholesterol absorption inhibitor LDL-C hypercholesterolemia statin