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加拿大的博士培养及启示——访谈加拿大Phelim、mary、Ralph三位教授

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研究生教育研究 2019年第5期 83-88页

作者：刘秀霞严孟帅 Phelim BOYLE mary HARDY Ralph E.H.SMITH 华东师范大学教育学部上海200062 劳瑞尔大学滑铁卢N2L3C5 滑铁卢大学滑铁卢N2L3J1

加拿大的博士生培养机制和体系在百余载的发展历程中臻于完善,其培养质量业已位居世界前列。而我国的博士教育,尽管在四十年的发展历程中取得了长足进步,但在国际范围内而言,博士生教育在竞争力、创新力以及行业领导力等方面与加拿大等... 详细信息

加拿大的博士生培养机制和体系在百余载的发展历程中臻于完善,其培养质量业已位居世界前列。而我国的博士教育,尽管在四十年的发展历程中取得了长足进步,但在国际范围内而言,博士生教育在竞争力、创新力以及行业领导力等方面与加拿大等欧美高等教育强国之间还存有一定差距。因此,从博士生选择、培养过程、博士教育目标等三个方面阐述加拿大的博士教育经验,以期能为我国博士教育提供一定的借鉴价值。

关键词：加拿大博士教育中期管理培养目标

The control of soil-transmitted helminthiases in the Philippines: the story continues

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 98-98页

作者： mary Lorraine S.Mationg Veronica L.Tallo Gail M.Williams Catherine A.Gordon Archie C.A.Clements Donald P.McManus Darren j.Gray Department of Global Health Research School of Population HealthThe Australian National UniversityBuilding 62 Mills RdActon ACTCanberra 2601Australia 不详

Background:Soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections have long been an important public health concern in the *** this review,we describe the current status of STH infections there and highlight the control efforts undertaken to reduce STH *** text:A nationwide STH mass drug administration(MDA)programme was started in 2006 but the overall STH prevalence remains stubbornly high across the Philippines,rangi ng from 24.9%to 97.4%.

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Epidemiology Control The Philippines

Intraocular lens power calculation in eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 172-181页

作者： Giacomo Savini Kenneth j.Hoffer G.B.Bietti Eye Foundation RomeItaly. Stein Eye Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA.3 St.Mary’s Eye CenterSanta MonicaCAUSA

Background:This review aims to explain the reasons why intraocular lens(IOL)power calculation is challenging in eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery and what solutions are currently available to obtain more accurate ***:After IOL implantation in eyes with previous LASIK,PRK or RK,a refractive surprise can occur because (i)the altered ratio between the anterior and posterior corneal surface makes the keratometric index invalid;(ii)the corneal curvature radius is measured out of the optical zone;and (iii)the effective lens position is erroneously predicted if such a prediction is based on the post-refractive surgery corneal *** methods are currently available to obtain the best refractive outcomes in these eyes,even when the perioperative data(*** corneal power and surgically induced refractive change)are not *** this review,we describe the most accurate methods based on our clinical ***:IOL power calculation after myopic corneal refractive surgery can be calculated with a variety of methods that lead to relatively accurate outcomes,with 60 to 70%of eyes showing a prediction error within 0.50 diopters.

关键词： Cataract Intraocular lens power LASIK PRK Excimer laser Corneal surgery Keratometry

The Introduction of Bedaquiline Regimen for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Philippines: An Operational Study

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journal of Tuberculosis Research 2022年第4期10卷 205-219页

作者： Vincent M. Balanag jr. Vivian S. Lofranco Mariquita j. Mantala mary Rosary T. Santiago Patrice jamie E. Cabasis Arnyl G. Araneta Anna Marie Celina G. Garfin Lung Center of the Philippines National Center for Pulmonary Research Quezon Philippines Department of Health National Tuberculosis Control Program Management Office Manila Philippines Philippine Business for Social Progress The Global Fund Project Manila Philippines Department of Health Disease Prevention and Control Bureau Manila Philippines

Objectives: Bedaquiline (BDQ) is the first new anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug introduced to the market after 45 years. Recent studies have shown the potential benefits of adding bedaquiline to regimens for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). In search of more effective regimens for DR-TB, bedaquiline was introduced in the TB program in the Philippines under operational research to assess its effectiveness, safety, and tolerability when given with background regimens among patients with multi-or extensively DR-TB (MDR/XDR-TB). Design: A prospective cohort study of patients with MDR/XDR-TB was given with a bedaquiline-containing regimen from june 2016 to May 2017. Demographic data, presence of comorbidities, and microbiologic profile on entry were recorded. Bedaquiline was administered at the recommended dose of 400 mg once daily for 14 days, then 200 mg three times a week for 22 weeks together with World Health Organization (WHO)-compliant background regimen. The time to culture conversion, interim outcomes at the 6th month of treatment, end-of-treatment outcomes, and post-treatment follow-up outcomes after one year was determined. The frequency and severity of adverse events (SAE) were recorded as part of pharmacovigilance. Results: Seventy-five patients were given with bedaquiline-containing regimen during the study period. Forty-two (56.0%) had second-line injectable resistance, 23 (30.7%) had fluoroquinolone-resistance, 6 (8.0%) had MDR-TB, and 4 (5.3%) had XDR-TB. In the 6th month of post-enrolment, 79% were culture-negative. The treatment success rate was 65.3% (37 were cured and 12 completed treatment), 7 (9.3%) died, 17 (22.7%) lost to follow-up, and 2 (2.7%) were withdrawn from treatment. Adverse events included vomiting (80%), dizziness (69%), nausea (52%), cough (44%), and headache (36%). The post-treatment follow-up of 49 patients in the 12th month showed 92% were culture-negative while 8% of TBC were not done. Conclusion: Bedaquiline-containing regimens for patients

关键词： Bedaquiline Drug-Resistant TB XDR-TB

Species Identification of a Commonly Believed Sinarapan Fish Mystichtys luzonensis （Smith, 1902） in Lakes Buhi and Bato of Bicol Region

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journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2015年第10期5卷 691-700页

作者： jacob Anderson Cajuigan Sanchez Venus Banguilan Buraga Carmelita Pingol Mapanao mary Beth Bacano Maningas Mudjekeewis Dalisay Santos Graduate School of University of Santo Tomas (UST) EspaYta Manila 1008 Philippines Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences (RCNAS) University ofSanto Tomas Manila 1008 Philippines Genetic Fingerprinting Laboratory Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources-National Fisheries Research and DevelopmentInstitute (BFAR-NFRDI) Quezon City 1011 Philippines College of Arts and Sciences Polytechnic University of the Philippines Manila 1 016 Philippines College of Arts and Sciences Pampanga State Agricultural University Pampanga 2011 Philippines

The paper aimed to determine the true identity of a presumed or commonly believed Sinarapan fish and compare their phylogenetic relationships by using DNA barcoding. The fish samples were collected by researchers from a fisheries research and development institution in April 2015 from four different lakes of Bicol Region, i.e., Lakes Buhi, Danao, Manapao and Bato. DNA was extracted using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） extraction buffer. The polymerase chain reaction （PCR） profile for the reaction was 94 ℃ for 10 min, followed by 35 cycles of 1 min at 94℃, 1 min at 48℃ and 1.5 min at 72℃, and a final extension of 10 min at 72℃. The CO 1 region with approximately 650 bp was amplified because of its capability to differentiate taxa. Sequencing was done by Macrogen while phylogenetic analysis was produced using a Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis （MEGA） software version 6.0. The findings showed that CO1 can be used as a DNA marker in molecular identification of the fish samples. Samples from two of the four lakes were successfully sequenced. From basic local alignment search tool （BLAST） results, the maximum parsimony （MP） and neighbor-joining （N j） trees revealed that samples from Lakes Buhi and Bato are not species of Sinarapan but rather species of Leiopotherapon plumbeus and Rhinogobius giurinus, respectively. Furthermore, DNA barcoding is very useful in proving the true identity of unknown samples.

关键词： Goby fish Sinarapan DNA barcoding CO1 gene Bicol region.

Differential introgression suggests candidate beneficial and barrier loci between two parapatric subspecies of Pearson＇s horseshoe bat Rhinolophus pearsoni

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 405-412页

作者： Xiuguang MAO Shuyi ZHANG Stephen j. ROSSlTER Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E14NS UK

Observations that rates of introgression between taxa can vary across loci are increasingly common. Here, we test for differential locus-wise introgression in 2 parapatric subspecies of Pearson＇s horseshoe bat （Rhinolophus pearsoni chinensis and R. p. pearsoni）. To efficiently identify putative speciation genes and/or beneficial genes in our current system, we used a candidate gene approach by including loci from X chromosome that are suggested to be more likely involved in reproductive isolation in other organisms and loci underlying hearing that have been suggested to spread across the hybrid zone in another congeneric species. Phylogenetic and coalescent analyses were performed at 2 X-linked, 4 hearing genes, as well as 2 other autosomal loci individually. Likelihood ratio tests could not reject the model of zero gene flow at 2 X-linked and 2 autosomal genes. In contrast, gene flow was supported at 3 of 4 hearing genes. While this introgression could be adaptive, we cannot rule out stochastic processes. Our results highlight the utility of the candidate gene approach in searching for speciation genes and/or beneficial genes across the species boundary in natural populations.

关键词： gene flow hybridization hybrid zone reproductive isolation.

Effect of Impaired Lung Function on the Development and Progression of Endobronchial Premalignant Lesions

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journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第4期3卷 364-371页

作者： Vijayvel jayaprakash Gregory M. Loewen Martin C. Mahoney Samjot Dhillon Sai Yendamuri D. Kyle Hogarth Enrique Machare-Delgado Ravi j. Menezes Sandra M. jacob mary E. Reid Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo USA Department of Medical Imaging University Health Network Toronto Canada Department of Medicine Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo USA Department of Social and Preventive Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo USA Department of Thoracic Surgery Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo USA Pulmonary Oncology Sacred Heart Medical Center Spokane USA School of Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo USA Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Chicago Chicago USA

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and presence of endobronchial premalignant lesions (EPL) are individual risk factors for lung cancer (LC). However, effect of impaired lung function (ILF) on the natural history of EPL has not been explored. Patients and Methods: This study included 217 high-risk participants from a hospital-based LC surveillance cohort who underwent pulmonary function testing followed by bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsies. Baseline histopathology diagnoses included 91 cases (41.9%) with squamous metaplasia (SM), 25 (11.5%) with squamous dysplasia (SD), 1 (0.5%) with in-situ carcinoma and 5 (2.3%) with invasive LC. Follow-up biopsies were obtained for 69 patients, and 16 (23.2%) patients demonstrated progression to a higher grade lesion. Regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between ILF and EPL. All the models were adjusted for age, gender and tobacco smoking. Results: Patients with FEV1% of <50% had 4.5 times greater risk of being diagnosed with an EPL [95% confidence interval: 1.93-10.80] and 8-fold greater risk of SD, compared to patients with FEV1% ≥80. COPD was associated with 2.7 and 4.8 times greater risk of SM and SD, respectively. The mean time to progression to a higher-grade lesion was shorter in COPD patients compared to patients without COPD (27 versus 50 months, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our results indicate that ILF may be a predictor of prevalence and progression of EPLs among patients at high risk of LC. Therefore, spirometry can be a complementary pre-screening tool for identifying patients with EPL who need more intense LC surveillance.

关键词： COPD Lung Cancer Premalignant Lesions Dysplasia Pulmonary Function Test Spirometry

Turbulent flow simulation of a single-blade Magnus rotor

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Advances in Aerodynamics 2021年第1期3卷 316-337页

作者： X.Bai C.ji P.Grant N.Phillips U.Oza E.j.Avital j.j.R.Williams School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondon E14NSUK Siemens Ltd. ChinaTechnologyBeijing 100102China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Grant Applied Sciences 3rd Floor3 Fitzhardinge StreetLondon W1H 6EUK.

This paper presents numerical studies of the Magnus effect for a kinetic turbine on a horizontal *** focus on the Magnus blade,a single self-spinning cylindrical blade is *** iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method is employed within the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework due to its capability to treat complex and moving *** Eulerian fluid domain is discretized using the finite volume method while the Magnus rotor is represented by a set of discrete points/*** aim of the numerical studies is to provide insights for the design process and predict aerodynamic performances under various operating *** for stationary and self-spinning cylinders in turbulent flows are found to be in good agreement with published *** increasing the aspect ratio of the cylinder(simulated segment length over its diameter)from 3 to 10,a 30%drop in lift coefficient and a 22%increase in drag coefficient were observed,which is believed to be attributed to an enhancement of the three-dimensionality of the *** the Magnus rotor,key parameters such as dynamic forcing and frequency,distribution of pressure coefficient and torque have been produced for two cases with different structural designs and working *** increase of the aspect ratio from 3 to 10,stable forces are observed from the root side of the blade and the torque coefficient increases from 0.68 to 2.1,which indicates a superior performance in terms of power extraction.

关键词： Immersed boundary method Large eddy simulation Magnus effect Spinning cylinder

The Virtual Geoscience Workbench, VGW: Open Source tools for discontinuous systems

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 100-105页

作者： A. Munjiza j. Xiang X. Garcia j.P. Latham G.G. Schiava D'Albano N.W.M. john Department of Engineering Queen Mary London University London UK Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College London UK

In 1989 work began on merging finite and discrete elements. During 1990 algorithmic solutions for the new combined method were developed, together with a C-based implementation known as the Y code. In 2004 these developments and implementations were published as a textbook. Queen mary University of London ~QMUL） and Imperial College are currently engaged in a research project to make Y codes in both 2D and 3D available in Open Source format and with mainly geoscience problems in mind. The result is a set of Open Source tools for Geoscience （VGW）, key components of which are summarised in this paper, together with illustrative range of simulation results. 2009 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Combined finite-discrete elementWorkbenchModellingGeoscience