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Cyanobacterial photo-driven mixotrophic metabolism and its advantages for biosynthesis

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015年第3期9卷 308-316页

作者： Ni Wan mary Abernathy Joseph Kuo-hsiang tang yinjie J. tang Le you Department of Energy Environmental and Chemical Engineering Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA

Cyanobacterium offers a promising chassis for phototrophic production of renewable chemicals. Although engineered cyanobacteria can achieve similar product carbon yields as heterotrophic microbial hosts, their production rate and titer under photoautotrophic conditions are 10 to 100 folds lower than those in fast growing E. colt. Cyanobacterial factories face three indomitable bottlenecks. First, photosynthesis has limited ATP and NADPh generation rates. Second, CO2 fixation by ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase （RuBisCO） has poor efficiency. Third, CO2 mass transfer and light supply are deficient within large photobioreac- tors. On the other hand, cyanobacteria may employ organic substrates to promote phototrophic cell growth, Nz fixation, and metabolite synthesis. The photo-fermenta- tions show enhanced photosynthesis, while CO2 loss from organic substrate degradation can be reused by the Calvin cycle. In addition, the plasticity of cyanobacterial path- ways （e.g., oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and the TCA cycle） has been recently revealed to facilitate the catabolism. The use of cyanobacteria as ＂green E. colt＂ could be a promising route to develop robust photobiorefineries.

关键词： CO2 mass transfer N2 fixation photosystem RuBisCO the TCA cycle

Persistent EGFR/K-RAS/SIAh pathway activation drives chemo-resistance and early tumor relapse in triple-negative breast cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 691-702页

作者： Amy h.tang Richard A.hoefer mary L.Guye harry D.Bear Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology Leroy T.Canoles Jr.Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVA 23507USA School of Systems Biology George Mason UniversityManassasVA 20110USA Sentara Cancer Network Sentara HealthcareNorfolkVA 23507USA Sentara Surgery Specialists Surgical OncologySentara CarePlex HospitalNewport NewsVA 23606USA Division of Surgical Oncology Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and ImmunologyMassey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298-0011USA

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the most aggressive breast cancer *** disproportionately affects BRCA mutation carriers and young women,especially African American(AA)*** TNBC is a heterogeneous and molecularly unstable disease that challenges our ability to apply personalized *** the approval of immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)for TNBC,the addition of pembrolizumab to systemic chemotherapy has become standard of care(SOC)in neoadjuvant systemic therapy(NST)for high-risk early-stage *** plus chemotherapy significantly increased the pathologic complete response(pCR)and improved event-free survival in ***,clinical uncertainties remain because similarly treated TNBC partial responders with comparable tumor responses to neoadjuvant therapy often experience disparate clinical *** methods fall short in accurately predicting which high-risk patients will develop chemo-resistance and tumor ***,novel treatment strategies and innovative new research initiatives are *** propose that the EGFR-K-RAS-SIAh pathway activation is a major tumor driver in chemoresistant *** high expression of SIAh in residual tumors following NACT/NST reflects that the EGFR/K-RAS pathway remains activated(ON),indicating an ineffective response to *** chemoresistant tumor clones persist in expressing SIAh(SIAh^(high/ON))and are linked to early tumor relapse and poorer ***,the loss of SIAh expression(SIAh^(Low/OFF))in residual tumors post-NACT/NST reflects EGFR/K-RAS pathway inactivation(OFF),indicating effective therapy and chemo-sensitive tumor ***^(Low/OFF) signal is linked to tumor remission and better prognosis post-NACT/***,SIAh is well-positioned to become a novel tumor-specific,therapy-responsive,and prognostic ***,this new biomarker(SIAh^(high/ON))could be used to quantify therapy response,predict chemo-resistance,and identi

关键词： Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) chemo-resistance seven in absentia(SINA)and human homologs of SINA(SIAh)E3 ligase ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis EGFR/K-RAS/SIAh pathway activation in TNBC neoadjuvant chemotherapy prognosis patient risk stratification detection of chemo-resistance precision quantification of therapy efficacy and treatment optimization

Polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark with anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzyme inhibitory activities

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2017年第11期15卷 816-824页

作者： XIONG Jia GRACE mary h ESPOSITO Debora KOMARNyTSKy Slavko WANG Fei LILA mary Ann Department of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing Forestry University Plants for human health Institute Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina Research Campus

The present study was designed to characterize the polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark crude extract(B) and fractions(B1-B7) obtained by high-speed counter-current chromatography(hSCCC) and evaluate their anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzymes(α-glucosidase and α-amylase) inhibitory activities. Fractions B4, B5, B6, B7(total phenolics 850.3, 983.0, 843.9, and 572.5 mg·g^(-1)), respectively; proanthocyanidins 75.7, 90.5, 95.0, and 44.8 mg·g^(-1)), respectively) showed significant activities against reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitric oxide(NO) production, and expression of pro-inflammatory genes interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. All the extracts suppressed α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, two primary enzymes responsible for carbohydrate digestion. A. mearnsii bark samples possessed significantly stronger inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase enzyme(IC_(50) of 0.4-1.4 μg·mL^(-1)) than the pharmaceutical acarbose(IC_(50) 141.8 μg·mL^(-1))). B6 and B7(IC_(50) 17.6 and 11.7 μg·mL^(-1), respectively) exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity as efficacious as acarbose(IC_(50) 15.4 μg·mL^(-1))). Moreover, B extract, at 25 μg·mL^(-1), significantly decreased the non-mitochondrial oxidative burst that is often associated with inflammatory response in human monocytic macrophages.

关键词： acacia mearnsii Proanthocyanidins Anti-inflammatory α-Amylase α-Glucosidase

Unintended consequences of rangeland conservation structures

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 158-165页

作者： mary h.Nichols Jeremy R Shaw William K.Brandau Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E.Allen Rd.TucsonAZ85719USA Colorado State University Department of Forest&Rangeland Stewardship Fort CollinsCO80523-1472USA University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Service(retired) SaffordAZ85551USA

By the 1930's vast areas of the western US were severely degraded by overgrazing and *** response,Congress authorized conservation work including the construction of erosion control and water storage,distribution,and conveyance *** of structures such as check dams,water spreaders,and contour berms were built during the 1930s and 40s to control water and sediment in an attempt to restore degraded ***,across most of the western US,these soil and water conservation measures were implemented without the benefit of local hydrologic data or technical design *** of the established conservation practices had been developed for humid regions and were untested for use in semiarid areas that are characterized by highly variable rainfall and flash *** a result,many structures proved ineffective and were subsequently *** in cases where structures were effective,many never received maintenance after their initial *** structurally compromised,abandoned and unmaintained structures continue to alter surface runoff patterns and can greatly exacerbate *** sites in Arizona,USA were selected to charac-terize the multi-decadal impacts of conservation *** have formed in 100%of contour berms(n=67)while 96%of water spreader berms(n=26)were *** failures in these structures has created concentrated flow paths that reorganized routing of runoff and sediment thus transforming sheetflow regimes to concentrated flow *** study emphasizes the unin-tended legacy impacts of soil and water conservation structures and highlights their role as a potential constraint on contemporary resource management.

关键词： Contour berm Erosion human altered landscape Restoration Semiarid Water spreader

Are herbal medicinal products less teratogenic than Western pharmaceutical products?

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第12期23卷 116-119页

作者： LEUNG Kwok-yin,LEE yuk-Ping,ChAN ho-yee,LEE Chin-Peng,mary tang hoi-yin Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology the University of hong Kong Queen mary hospital Pokfulam Road hong Kong SAR China Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Counselling Tsan yuk hospital The University of hong Kong hong Kong SAR China Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Counselling Tsan yuk hospital The University of hong Kong hong Kong SAR China Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Counselling Tsan yuk hospital The University of hong Kong hong Kong SAR China Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Counselling Tsan yuk hospital The University of hong Kong hong Kong SAR China

AIM: To determine the use and teratogenicity of herbal medicinal products (hMP). METhODS: A retrospective study was conducted in a University hospital to compare the difference in the pattern of use and fetal outcomes between pregnant women who took hMP and Western pharmaceutical products (WPP). RESULTS: From 1995 Jan to 2001 Dec, 61 and 372 women took hMP and WPP one month before or during their current pregnancies respectively. There was an increase in the prevalence of pregnant women who took hMP from 0 % in 1995 to 0.8 % in 2001. Among hMP users, 51.6 %, 82.8 % and 58.6 % of them had low monthly family income (y education or below) and were unemployed respectively. In comparison to WPP, pregnant women used smaller number of hMP (1.4 vs 3.0, Phin a shorter duration (11.1 d vs 47.9 d, Phe prevalence of congenital fetal abnormalities in the group of women who took hMP (3.3 %) was not sig

关键词： herbal medicine pregnancy teratogenicity

Functionalization of high-moment magnetic nanodisks for cell manipulation and separation

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Nano Research 2013年第10期6卷 745-751页

作者： Mingliang Zhang Christopher M. Earhart Chinchun Ooi Robert J. Wilson mary tang Shan X. Wang 476 Lomita Mall Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford 94305 USA 350Serra Mall Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford 94305 USA

Synthetic antiferromagnetic （SAF） nanoparticles are layer-structured particles with high single-particle magnetic moments. In order to covalently bind these nanopartides to cells, they were coated with a silica shell followed by conjugation with streptavidin. The silica coating generates both SAF@SiO2 core-shell nano- particles and silica core-free nanopartides. Using a simple magnetic separation, silica nanoparticles were removed and SAF@SiO2 nanoparticles were purified. After streptavidin conjugation, these particles were used to stain lung cancer cells, making them highly magnetically responsive. The stained cells can rotate in response to an external magnetic field and can be captured when a blood sample containing these cells flows through the sifter.

关键词： cell separation core-shell functionalization magnetic properties nanotechnology

The making of a nurse scientist: A personal narrative

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2022年第4期9卷 407-410页

作者： mary h.Palmer University of North Carolina at Chapel hill School of NursingUnited States

Why?The question every child incessantly asks started my journey to become a nurse *** editorial is adapted from a keynote speech I delivered for the 6th Qilu International young Nursing Scholars Forum sponsored by Shandong University School of Nursing and *** you read,I ask you to keep in mind that the times and world in which I started my journey no longer exist.

关键词： nurse adapted journey

human activity affects the perception of risk by mule deer

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 693-699页

作者： mary V. PRICE Evelyn h. STROMBOM Daniel T. BLUMSTEIN The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte CO 81224 USA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA

human activity has been shown to influence how animals assess the risk of predation, but we know little about the spatial scale of such impacts. We quantified how vigilance and flight behavior in mule deer Odocoileus hemionus varied with distance from an area of concentrated human activity--a subalpine field station. An observer walked trails at various distances away from the station looking for deer. Upon encounter, the observer walked toward the focal animal and noted the distance at which it alerted and directed its attention to the approaching human （Alert Distance; AD）, and the distance at which it fled （Flight Initiation Distance;. FID）. AD and FID both increased nonlinearly with distance from the center of the field station, reaching pla- teaus around 250 m and 750 m, respectively. Deer also tended to flee by stotting or running, rather than by walking, when far from the station but they walked away when near the station. These results indicate that deer perceive lower risk near a focused area of human activity, and that vigilance and flight behaviors respond on somewhat different spatial scales. The concept of a spatial ＂human footprint＂ on behavior may be useful for understanding how human activities affect wildlife

关键词： Flight initiation distance Alert distance Predation risk assessment human disturbance Mule deer Odocoileushemionus Vigilance

Legacy earthen berms influence vegetation and hydrologic complexity in the Altar Valley,Arizona

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 755-763页

作者： mary h.Nichols Sara E.Duke Chandra holifield Collins Lauren Thompson Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E.Allen Rd.TucsonAZ85719USA Southern Plains Area Research Center USDA-ARSSPARCCollege StationTX77845USA University of Arizona College of Science GraduateTucsonAZ85719USA

Across the American Southwest water development has played a critical role in managing *** berms have been constructed throughout US rangelands to manage runoff and reduce *** berms altered runoff patterns to increase soil moisture with positive local vegetative ***,altered runoff patterns can be considered a disturbance that affects broader scale vegetation *** hypothesized that the hydrologic impacts of earthen berms in semiarid rangelands will be reflected in contrasting upslope and downslope vegetation patterns.A supervised classification of grass,shrubs,and bare soil was performed using orthographic imagery taken in June 2016 to quantify the effects of 181 earthen berms in the uplands and floodplain of the Altar Valley in Southern Arizona,*** berms blocked runoff,creating downslope runoff"shadows"within which the precipitation is the dominant water *** documented more bare soil downslope of intact berms in comparison with *** and shrub cover affected by berms were related to soil *** and shrub cover were not different above and below intact berms on fine textured soils,but on sites with coarser textured soil,grass cover was lower downslope of *** breaches occurred on coarser textured soils,the up and downslope differences in grass cover *** study points to the role of conservation structures in adding additional complexity to already heterogeneous landscapes by creating patchwork assemblages of vegetation and bare soil proximal to earthen runoff and erosion control berms.

关键词： Legacy conservation structure Earthen bank Earthen berm Land degradation Rangeland