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国外地质勘探技术 1986年第8期 32-37页

作者： Phillip M.Wright Stanley h.ward h.ward P.Ross Richard C.West. 郭武林

地热资源的开发,正在全世界风起云涌。大约有3800兆瓦的电力由地热能产生,大约有相当于10000兆瓦的热能在直接被利用。然而,这点能量比起人类所利用的8.4×10兆瓦化石能来不算大,它只不过是每年7千7百万桶石油消耗的一点补充而已。他

关键词：地热田热田磁大地电流法电法勘探可控源电磁法热液蚀变电阻率电阻系数地温梯度地热增温率热卤水横向变化岩石

The Dialectics of China＇s Foreign Aid： Interactions Shaping China＇s Aid Policy

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Fudan Journal of the humanities and Social Sciences 2015年第4期8卷 617-648页

作者： ward Warmerdam Arjan de haan Kortenaerkade 12 2518LT Den Haag The Netherlands

China’s foreign aid has received much attention, but the knowledge of its determinants is limited. We show how domestic political forces interact with international circumstances to shape Chinese aid policies. The article applies Carol Lancaster’s framework on the interaction of domestic ideas, institutions, and interests in the development of foreign aid policy. We describe the dynamics of the Chinese domestic context and the interaction of these forces with international circumstances. The article concludes that shifts in ideology and interest both facilitated and required changes in the foreign aid program. While other countries are subject to similar domestic political forces, China appears relatively unique as donor because of large oscillations and simultaneous continuity of its aid program under the pressure of these domestic political forces.

关键词： Chinese foreign aid Domestic political forces Aid determinants Geopolitics

Future is ready for swallowable sensors

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hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第3期8卷 267-269页

作者： Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh Stephanie A.ward University of New South Wales(UNSW) School of Chemical EngineeringKensingtonAustralia Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

You may have noticed that even just before the onset of a simple cold or a minor fever,disordered gut function may be *** addition to coryzal symptoms and fever,abdominal discomfort or altered bowel function are not uncommon as accompanying symptoms,such as bloating,abdominal pain,nausea,vomiting,constipation or *** is not surprising,as the gut walls are porous,allowing the absorption of nutrients from food *** gut mucosa very rapidly exchanges certain chemicals in body fluid compartments with gut liquid and gaseous *** is likely that imbalance of the body chemical contents,as a result of a health disorder,rapidly shows itself as changes in gut contents.

关键词： diarrhea intake walls

Pasture-finishing of bison improves animal metabolic health and potential health-promoting compounds in meat

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1759-1776页

作者： Stephan van Vliet Amanda D.Blair Lydia M.hite Jennifer Cloward Robert E.ward Carter Kruse herman A.van Wietmarchsen Nick van Eekeren Scott L.Kronberg Frederick D.Provenza Center for human Nutrition Studies Department of NutritionDieteticsand Food SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Applied SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUT 84322USA Department of Wildland Resources Utah State UniversityLoganUT 84332USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57707USA Turner Institute of Ecoagriculture BozemanMT 59718USA Louis Bolk Institute Bunnik 3981AJthe Netherlands Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceMandanND 58554USA

Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes agro-ecological practices such as rotational grazing of locally adapted ***,growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat(i.e.,grass-fed)has raised questions about its nutritional ***,the goal of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabolomic,lipidomic,and fatty acid profiles of striploins(*** lumborum).Results Six hundred and seventy-one(671)out of 1570 profiled compounds(43%)differed between pasture-and penfinished conditions(n=20 animals per group)(all,Phed animals,the muscle of pen-finished animals displayed elevated glucose metabolites(~1.6-fold),triglycerides(~2-fold),markers of oxidative stress(~1.5-fold),and proteolysis(~1.2-fold).In contrast,pasture-finished animals displayed improved mitochondrial(~1.3-fold higher levels of various Krebs cycle metabolites)and carnitine metabolism(~3-fold higher levels of long-chain acyl carnitines)(all Phing also concentrated higher levels of phenolics(~2.3-fold),alpha-tocopherol(~5.8-fold),carotene(~2.0-fold),and very long-chain fatty acids(~1.3-fold)in their meat,while having lower levels of a common advanced lipoxidation(4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione;~2-fold)and glycation end-product(N6-carboxymethyllysine;~1.7-fold)(all Pherol,and three phenolics commonly found in alfalfa were~2.5-fold higher in pen-finished animals(all Ph in those compounds,may be *** Pasture-finishing(i.e.,grass-fed)broadly improves bison metabolic health and accumulates additional po

关键词： Bison Grass-fed Meat Nutrition Omega-3 fats Pasture-raised Phytochemicals

Reactions of Podophyllotoxin with DDQ

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2001年第12期12卷 1057-1060页

作者： Qian Rong LI Ting hu ZhANG Robert S.ward Structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 Chemistry Department University of Wales SwanseaSingleton ParkSwansea SA2 8PP UK

Podophyllotoxin I reacts with DDQ in acetic acid to give podophyllotoxone 2 at 75 degreesC and the naphthol 3 at 90 degreesC, and in TFA to give the naphthalene 4. 4'-O-Benzyl-epipodophyllotoxin 5 reacts with DDQ in a... 详细信息

关键词： podophyllotoxin oxidation DDQ

Evaluation of a Pointwise Local Visual Pattern Exploration Method

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2012年第4期17卷 429-439页

作者： Matthew O.ward Elke A.Rundensteiner Carolina Ruiz Department of Computer Science Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMA 01609USA

Sensitivity analysis is a powerful method for discovering the significant factors that contribute to understanding the interaction between variables in multivariate datasets. A number of sensitivity analysis methods fall into the class of local analysis, in which the sensitivity is defined as the partial derivatives of a target variable with respect to a group of independent variables. In a recent paper, we presented a novel pointwise local pattern exploration system for visual sensitivity analysis. Using this system, analysts are able to explore local patterns and the sensitivity at individual data points, which reveals the relationships between a focal point and its neighbors this paper we present several evaluations of the system, including case studies with real datasets, user studies the effectiveness of the visualizations and interactions, and a detailed description of the experience of a user In on

关键词： knowledge discovery sensitivity analysis local pattern visualization evaluation

Social interactions in striped hyena inferred from camera trap data:is it more social than previously thought?

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 345-353页

作者： Jonathan TIChON Jason S.GILChRIST Guy ROTEM Paul ward Orr Spiegel Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Ben-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-Gurion 84990Israel School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh Napier University1 Sighthll CourtEdinburgh EH114BNUK Spatial Ecology Laboratory Department of Life SciencesBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShebaIsrael Faculty of Lifle Sciences School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversiyTel Aviv 69978Israel

Understanding the drivers promoting sociality over solitariness in animal species is imperative for predicting future population trends and informing conservation and *** this study we investigate the social structure of a desert dwelling population of striped hyena hyaena *** species is historically regarded as strictly solitary albeit being the least studied of the extant *** evidence regarding the frequency of social interactions sug-gests a revision of striped hyena social structure is *** hypothesized that striped hyena has a social structure that is more complex than expected for a strictly solitary *** that end,we deployed an array of camera-traps in a remote desert region in Israel,and compared observed frequencies of striped hyena co-occurrence against null models to test whether hyena co-occurred more than expected by *** adults were(re)captured by our camera-traps in 49 different instances over 83 tracking *** these,6 exhibited shared space-use around a scarce,isolated perennial water *** of them,co-occurred with other hyena(in 3 instan-ces)significantly more frequent than expected by chance(and that timing suggests reproduction is unlikely to be the driving factor).Our findings substantiate evidence of complex social structure in striped hyena,highlight the importance of a scarce resource in space use and sociality,and provide a baseline for future research of striped hyena social *** suggest that similar methods be employed to evaluate social structure in other"solitary species"to better under-stand their social dynamics.

关键词： behavioral ecology cluster in space hyaena hyaena social iteracin striped hyena social structure

Physiological and Growth Responses of C_3 and C_4 Plants to Reduced Temperature When Grown at Low CO_2 of the Last Ice Age

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1388-1395页

作者： Joy K.ward David A.Myers Richard B.Thomas Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Department of Biology West Virginia University

During the last ice age, CO2 concentration （[CO2]） was 180-200 umol/mol compared with the modern value of 380 umol/mol, and global temperatures were -8 ℃ cooler. Relatively little is known about the responses of C3 and C4 species to longterm exposure to glacial conditions. here Abutilon theophrasti Medik. （C3） and Amaranthus retroflexus L. （C4） were grown at 200 umol/mol CO2 with current （30/24℃） and glacial （22/16℃） temperatures for 22d. Overall, the C4 species exhibited a large growth advantage over the C3 species at low [CO2]. however, this advantage was reduced at low temperature, where the C4 species produced 5x the total mass of the C3 species versus 14x at the high temperature. This difference was due to a reduction in C4 growth at low temperature, since the C3 species exhibited similar growth between temperatures. Physiological differences between temperatures were not detected for either species, although photorespiration/net photosynthesis was reduced in the C3 species grown at low temperature, suggesting evidence of improved carbon balance at this treatment. This system suggests that C4 species had a growth advantage over C3 species during low [CO2] of the last ice age, although concurrent reductions in temperatures may have reduced this advantage.

关键词： Abutilon theophrasti Amaranthus retroflexus C3 species C4 species climate change low CO2 low temperature photorespiration Pleistocene.

Visualizing quantum phenomena at complex oxide interfaces:An atomic view from scanning transmission electron microscopy

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Frontiers of physics 2020年第1期15卷 25-41页

作者： hangwen Guo Mohammad Saghayezhian Zhen Wang Yimei Zhu Jiandi Zhang ward Plummer Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Physics&Astronomy Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803 Condensed Matter Physics&Materials Science Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973

Complex oxide interfaces have been one of the central focuses in condensed matter physics and ma-terial *** the past decade,aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy has proven to be invaluable to visualize and understand the emerging quantum phenomena at an *** this paper,we briefly review some recent progress in the utilization of electron microscopy to probe ***,we discuss several important challenges for electron microscopy to advance our understanding on interface phenomena,from the perspective of variable temperature,magnetism,electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis,electronic symmetry,and defects probing.

关键词： complex oxide interfaces scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy

Challenges in the control of COVID-19 outbreaks caused by the delta variant during periods of low humidity:an observational study in Sydney,Australia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第6期10卷 38-47页

作者： Michael P.ward Yuanhua Liu Shuang Xiao Zhijie Zhang Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamdenNSWAustralia School of Public health Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of hIV/STD Prevention and Control Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and PreventionShanghaiChina

Background: Since the appearance of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing body of evidence has suggested that weather factors, particularly temperature and humidity, influence transmission. This relationship might differ for the recently emerged B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2. here we use data from an outbreak in Sydney, Australia that commenced in winter and time-series analysis to investigate the association between reported cases and temperature and relative ***: Between 16 June and 10 September 2021, the peak of the outbreak, there were 31,662 locally-acquired cases reported in five local health districts of Sydney, Australia. The associations between daily 9:00 am and 3:00 pm temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and their difference, and a time series of reported daily cases were assessed using univariable and multivariable generalized additive models and a 14-day exponential moving average. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the likelihood ratio statistic were used to compare different models and determine the best fitting model. A sensitivity analysis was performed by modifying the exponential moving ***: During the 87-day time-series, relative humidity ranged widely (he best-fitting (AIC: 1,119.64) generalized additive model included 14-day exponential moving averages of 9:00 am temperature (P humidity (P he interaction between these two weather variables (P humidity was negatively associated with cases no matter whether temperature was high or low. The effect of lower relative humidity on increased cases was more pronounced below relative humidity of about 70%;below this threshold, not only were the effects of humidity pronounced but also the relationship between temperature and cases of the delta variant becomes ***

关键词： Meteorological factor Climate humidity Temperature SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Australia